Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide is a primary metabolite of Raloxifene. Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide formation is mediated mostly by UGT1A10 and UGT1A8. Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide binds to estrogen receptor with an IC50 of 370 μM. . Raloxifene is a specific estrogen receptor modulator. Raloxifene activates TGFβ3 promoter as a full agonist at nanomolar concentrations, and inhibits the estrogen response element-containing vitellogenin promoter expression. References: [1]. Izgelov D, et al. The Effect of Piperine Pro-Nano Lipospheres on Direct Intestinal Phase II Metabolism: The Raloxifene Paradigm of Enhanced Oral Bioavailability. Mol Pharm. 2018 Apr 2;15(4):1548-1555. [2]. Kemp DC, et al. Characterization of raloxifene glucuronidation in vitro: contribution of intestinal metabolism to presystemic clearance. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Jun;30(6):694-700. [3]. Yang NN, et al. Estrogen and raloxifene stimulate transforming growth factor-beta 3 gene expression in rat bone: a potential mechanism for estrogen- or raloxifene-mediated bone maintenance. Endocrinology. 1996 May;137(5):2075-84.

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CAS：182507-22-8