Activity assays of recombinant 15-PGDH protein

For initial characterization of inhibition of 15-PGDH enzyme activity by SW033291, reactions were assembled with experiment specific concentrations of 15-PGDH enzyme, and experiment specific concentrations of SW033291, plus 150 μM NAD(+) and 25 μM PGE2 in reaction buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH7.5, 0.01% Tween 20). The reaction mix was incubated for 15 mins at 25℃ in an Envision Reader. Enzyme activity was determined by following generation of NADH as assayed by recording fluorescence at Ex/Em = 340 nM/485 nM every 30s for 3 mins, commencing immediately after addition of PGE2. IC50 values were calculated with GraphPad Prism 5 software using the sigmoidal dose-response function and plotted against SW033291 concentration.

Cell lines

CD45- bone marrow cells

Preparation method

The solubility of this compound in DMSO is >20.7mg/mL. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 ℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below - 20 ℃ for several months.

Reacting condition

0.5 μM; 2 hrs

Applications

In CD45- bone marrow cells, SW033291 inhibited 15-PGDH, increased tissue levels of PGE2, and induced CXCL12 and SCF expression, which in turn accelerated homing of transplanted hematopoietic stem cells, generation of mature blood elements, as well as posttransplant recovery of normal blood counts. In addition, inhibiting 15-PGDH also stimulated cell proliferation after injury to colon or liver, and accelerated repair of these tissues.

Animal models

Mice receiving a bone marrow transplant and mouse models of colon and liver injury

Dosage form

10 mg/kg; i.p.; b.i.d.

Applications

In mice receiving a bone marrow transplant, SW033291 promoted hematopoietic recovery. In mouse models of colon and liver injury, SW033291 lowered the levels of colitis-associated inflammatory cytokines, protected mice from colitis, as well as facilitated liver regeneration.

Other notes

Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal.

SW033291 is a potent inhibitor of 15-PGDH enzyme with IC50 value of 1.5 nM and dissociation constant Ki app value of 0.1 nM. SW033291 inhibits 15-PGDH with noncompetitive pattern. SW033291 shifted the 15-PGDH melting temperature by 13.5°C. [1]
Treatment of A549 cells with SW033291 increased PGE2 levels by 3.5-fold at 500 nM, with EC50 value of ~75 nM. In CD45 cells, SW033291 treatment induced a greater than four-fold increase in expression of CXCL12 and SCF. In SKL cells, SW033291 had no significant effects on expression of CXCL12, SCF, CXCR4, survivin, or JAG1. SW033291 also increased cyclic AMP levels in CD45 cells. SW033291 treatment increases the expression of cytokines from the hematopoietic niche. [1]
The phenotype of mice injected with SW033291 closely matched with 15-PGDH knockout mice (10mg/kg). SW033291 induced a two-fold increase in PGE2 levels in bone marrow, colon, lung, and liver. Importantly, no toxicity was induced by injecting SW033291 for inhibition of 15-PGDH in adult mice. Mice injected with SW033291 exhibited many good benefits, such as doubling peripheral neutrophils, a 65% increase in marrow SKL cells, a 71% increase in marrow SLAM cells, and 55% increases in the numbers of hematopoietic colonies. [1]
Reference:
1.    Zhang Y, Desai A, Yang SY et al. Inhibition of the prostaglandin-degrading enzyme 15-PGDH potentiates tissue regeneration. Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240). pii: aaa2340.