Sinapinic acid (Sinapic acid) is a phenolic compound isolated from Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. Rhizome, acts as an inhibitor of HDAC, with an IC50 of 2.27 mM[1], and also inhibits ACE-I activity[2]. Sinapinic acid posssess potent anti-tumor activity, induces apoptosis of tumor cells[1]. Sinapinic acid shows antioxidant and antidiabetic activities[2]. Sinapinic acid reduces total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HOMA-IR index, and also normalizes some serum parameters of antioxidative abilities and oxidative damage in ovariectomized rats[3].

Sinapinic acid acts as an inhibitor of HDAC, with an IC50 of 2.27 mM[1]. Sinapinic acid also inhibits ACE-I activity[2].Sinapinic acid inhibits HDAC activity in HeLa cells, suppresses the growth of HeLa and HT29 cells with IC50s of 0.91 ± 0.02 mM and 1.6 ± 0.02 mM at 72 h, respectively, induces apoptosis of these cancer cells[1].

Sinapinic acid (5 or 25 mg/kg, p.o. daily for 4 weeks) increases the serum estradiol concentration; decreases insulin resistance and the triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations; and favorably affects the parameters of antioxidant abilities (reduces glutathione, superoxide dismutase) and oxidative damage in rats[3].

[1]. Senawong T, et al. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory and antiproliferative activities of phenolic-rich extracts derived from the rhizome of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack.: sinapinic acid acts as HDAC inhibitor. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013 Sep 22;13:232. [2]. Quinn L, et al. Extraction and Quantification of Sinapinic Acid from Irish Rapeseed Meal and Assessment of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme (ACE-I) Inhibitory Activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2017 Aug 16;65(32):6886-6892. [3]. Zych M, et al. The Effects of Sinapic Acid on the Development of Metabolic Disorders Induced by Estrogen Deficiency in Rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018 Jun 4;2018:9274246.