Cell lines

Caco-2 cell lines

Preparation method

The solubility of this compound in DMSO is >20.5mg/mL. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.

Reacting condition

1-10 μg/mL

Applications

In Caco-2 cells, ezetimibe is an inhibitor of carotenoid transport, an effect that decreases with increasing polarity of the carotenoid molecule. Ezetimibe dose not only interact physically with cholesterol transporter, but also downregulate expression of these proteins.

Animal models

apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mice

Dosage form

5 mg/kg per day for 6 months

Application

Ezetimibe inhibits cholesterol absorption, reduces plasma cholesterol, increases high density lipoprotein levels, and inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis under western, low-fat, and cholesterol-free dietary conditions in apoE-/- mice.

Other notes

Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal.

Ezetimibe is a potent and novel inhibitor of cholesterol absorption [1].

Cholesterol is a lipid molecule and is required to build and maintain membranes structural integrity and fluidity. Also, it serves as a precursor of vitamin D, bile acids and steroid hormones.

In differentiated Caco-2 cells incubated with a carotenoid (1 μM), ezetimibe (10 mg/L) inhibited carotenoid transport with 50% inhibition for ɑ-carotene and β-carotene. Also, it inhibited the transport of β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and lutein:zeaxanthin(1:1). At the same time, ezetimibe inhibited cholesterol transport by 31%. Ezetimibe decreased the expression of the surface receptors SR-BI, ATP binding cassette transporter, subfamily A (ABCA1), Niemann-Pick type C1 Like 1 protein (NPC1L1) and retinoid acid receptor (RAR)γ, sterol-regulatory element binding proteins SREBP-1 and SREBP-2, and liver X receptor (LXR)β [3].

In apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mice, ezetimibe (3 mg/kg) inhibited cholesterol absorption by 90%. Ezetimibe reduced plasma cholesterol, increased HDL levels, and inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis [1]. In phase III human trials, Ezetimibe (10 mg) significantly reduced the levels of LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglycerides and increased the level of HDL cholesterol [2].

References:
[1].  Davis HR Jr, Compton DS, Hoos L, et al. Ezetimibe, a potent cholesterol absorption inhibitor, inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2001, 21(12): 2032-2038.
[2].  Clader JW. The discovery of ezetimibe: a view from outside the receptor. J Med Chem, 2004, 47(1): 1-9.
[3].  During A, Dawson HD, Harrison EH. Carotenoid transport is decreased and expression of the lipid transporters SR-BI, NPC1L1, and ABCA1 is downregulated in Caco-2 cells treated with ezetimibe. J Nutr, 2005, 135(10): 2305-2312.