D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Disodium (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate) 是神经代谢疾病 D-2-羟基戊二酸尿症中积累的主要代谢产物。D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium 是 α-酮戊二酸 (α-KG) 的弱竞争拮抗剂，可抑制多种α-KG依赖性双加氧酶 (dioxygenases)，Ki为 10.87 mM。D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium 可增加活性氧 (ROS) 的产生。D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium 还可结合并抑制ATP合酶并抑制mTOR信号传导。
| 生物活性 | D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Disodium (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium is a weak competitive antagonist ofα-ketoglutarate (α-KG)and inhibits multipleα-KG-dependent dioxygenaseswith aKiof 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium increasesreactive oxygen species(ROS)production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium binds and inhibitsATP synthaseand inhibitsmTORsignaling[1][2][3][4][5]. |
| IC50& Target | Ki: 10.87 mM (α-KG-dependent dioxygenases)[1]
ATP synthase[2]
mTOR[2]
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)[5] |
体外研究
(In Vitro) | D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid ((R)-2-hydroxyglutarate) accumulates in human cancers carrying neomorphic mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 genes[1][2].
A partial inhibition of KDM7A toward both H3K9me2 and H3K27me2 peptides is observed in the presence of 50 mM D-2-HG and 100 μM α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Addition of 300 μM α-KG is capable of reversing the inhibition ofCaenorhabditis elegansKDM7A (CeKDM7A) by 50 mM D-2-HG, indicating that D-2-HG is a weak competitive inhibitor against α-KG toward the CeKDM7A demethylase[1].
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a weak inhibitor of TET hydroxylases. In the presence of 0.1 mM of α-KG, addition of 10 mM D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid results in a partial (33%) inhibition of TET2 and addition of 50 mM D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid results in more inhibition (83%) of TET2. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid exhibits a less pronounced inhibitory effect toward TET1[1].
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体内研究
(In Vivo) | D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid strongly inhibits glucose utilization, CO2production and the respiratory chain in rat cerebral cortex and human skeletal muscle, as well as in submitochondrial particles from bovine heart, suggesting an impairment of the aerobic metabolism[5].
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid has also been proposed as an endogenous excitotoxic organic acid because it significantly decreased cell viability in neuronal cultures from chick embryo telencephalons and from neonatal rat hippocampus through stimulation of specific NMDA glutamate receptors[5].
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (0.01-1 mM) significantly increases chemiluminescence and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) and decreased total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) values in the cortical supernatants in 30-day-old-rats[5].
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| 中文名称 | D-α-羟基戊二酸二钠盐；(R)-2-羟基戊二酸二钠盐 |
| 运输条件 | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
| 储存方式 | 4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture) |
| 溶解性数据 | In Vitro: H2O : 75 mg/mL(390.46 mM;Need ultrasonic) 配制储备液 | 1 mM | 5.2062 mL | 26.0308 mL | 52.0616 mL | | 5 mM | 1.0412 mL | 5.2062 mL | 10.4123 mL | | 10 mM | 0.5206 mL | 2.6031 mL | 5.2062 mL |
*请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
储备液的保存方式和期限：-80℃, 6 months; -20℃, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)。-80℃ 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20℃ 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 In Vivo: 请根据您的实验动物和给药方式选择适当的溶解方案。以下溶解方案都请先按照In Vitro方式配制澄清的储备液，再依次添加助溶剂： ——为保证实验结果的可靠性，澄清的储备液可以根据储存条件，适当保存；体内实验的工作液，建议您现用现配，当天使用；
以下溶剂前显示的百
分比是指该溶剂在您配制终溶液中的体积占比；如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象，可以通过加热和/或超声的方式助溶 1. 请依序添加每种溶剂： PBS Solubility: 100 mg/mL (520.62 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60℃
*以上所有助溶剂都可在本网站选购。 |
