DLX2_MOUSE
ID DLX2_MOUSE Reviewed; 332 AA.
AC P40764;
DT 01-FEB-1995, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-FEB-1995, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 160.
DE RecName: Full=Homeobox protein DLX-2;
DE AltName: Full=Homeobox protein TES-1;
GN Name=Dlx2; Synonyms=Tes-1, Tes1;
OS Mus musculus (Mouse).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae;
OC Murinae; Mus; Mus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=10090;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], POSSIBLE FUNCTION, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RC STRAIN=BALB/cJ;
RX PubMed=1678612; DOI=10.1016/0896-6273(91)90260-7;
RA Porteus M.H., Bulfone A., Ciaranello R.D., Rubenstein J.L.R.;
RT "Isolation and characterization of a novel cDNA clone encoding a
RT homeodomain that is developmentally regulated in the ventral forebrain.";
RL Neuron 7:221-229(1991).
RN [2]
RP SEQUENCE REVISION.
RX PubMed=1632970; DOI=10.1016/0896-6273(92)90233-4;
RA Porteus M.H., Bulfone A., Ciaranello R.D., Rubenstein J.L.R.;
RT "A partial cDNA sequence of the Dlx-2 cDNA.";
RL Neuron 9:187-187(1992).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=129;
RX PubMed=8812481; DOI=10.1006/geno.1996.0387;
RA McGuinness T., Porteus M.H., Smiga S., Bulfone A., Kingsley C., Qiu M.,
RA Liu J.K., Long J.E., Xu D., Rubenstein J.L.R.;
RT "Sequence, organization, and transcription of the Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 locus.";
RL Genomics 35:473-485(1996).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF 26-332, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX PubMed=1687503;
RA Robinson G.W., Wray S., Mahon K.A.;
RT "Spatially restricted expression of a member of a new family of murine
RT Distal-less homeobox genes in the developing forebrain.";
RL New Biol. 3:1183-1194(1991).
RN [5]
RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=8098616; DOI=10.1016/0925-4773(93)90071-5;
RA Bulfone A., Kim H.J., Puelles L., Porteus M.H., Grippo J.F.,
RA Rubenstein J.L.;
RT "The mouse Dlx-2 (Tes-1) gene is expressed in spatially restricted domains
RT of the forebrain, face and limbs in midgestation mouse embryos.";
RL Mech. Dev. 40:129-140(1993).
RN [6]
RP ERRATUM OF PUBMED:8098616, AND SEQUENCE REVISION.
RA Bulfone A., Kim H.J., Puelles L., Porteus M.H., Grippo J.F.,
RA Rubenstein J.L.;
RL Mech. Dev. 42:187-187(1993).
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH POU4F2, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL
RP STAGE.
RX PubMed=21875655; DOI=10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.015;
RA Feng L., Eisenstat D.D., Chiba S., Ishizaki Y., Gan L., Shibasaki K.;
RT "Brn-3b inhibits generation of amacrine cells by binding to and negatively
RT regulating DLX1/2 in developing retina.";
RL Neuroscience 195:9-20(2011).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Acts as a transcriptional activator (PubMed:21875655). Plays
CC a role in terminal differentiation of interneurons, such as amacrine
CC and bipolar cells in the developing retina (PubMed:21875655). Likely to
CC play a regulatory role in the development of the ventral forebrain
CC (PubMed:1678612). May play a role in craniofacial patterning and
CC morphogenesis (PubMed:1678612). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:1678612,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:21875655}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts (via homeobox DNA-binding domain) with POU4F2; this
CC interaction enhances retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation
CC (PubMed:21875655). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21875655}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed only in neural and other ectodermal
CC structures of the head: the brain, the vomeronasal organ, and the
CC preameloblasts of the teeth (PubMed:8098616). Primarily expressed in
CC the germinal cells of the ventral forebrain in the midgestational
CC embryo, and in both dorsal and ventral ventricular zones in late
CC embryogenesis and early postnatal life (PubMed:8098616). Expressed in
CC the inner nuclear layer of the retina (PubMed:21875655).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21875655, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8098616}.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed in developing retinal progenitor cells
CC at 12 dpc (PubMed:21875655). Developmentally regulated (PubMed:1678612,
CC PubMed:1687503). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:1678612,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:1687503, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21875655}.
CC -!- PTM: Phosphorylated by serine/threonine kinases.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the distal-less homeobox family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; M80540; AAA40412.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; M83184; AAA18487.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; U51002; AAB40901.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR CCDS; CCDS16117.1; -.
DR PIR; A45581; A45581.
DR PIR; JH0465; JH0465.
DR RefSeq; NP_034184.1; NM_010054.2.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P40764; -.
DR SMR; P40764; -.
DR BioGRID; 199235; 4.
DR IntAct; P40764; 3.
DR STRING; 10090.ENSMUSP00000024159; -.
DR iPTMnet; P40764; -.
DR PhosphoSitePlus; P40764; -.
DR PaxDb; P40764; -.
DR PeptideAtlas; P40764; -.
DR PRIDE; P40764; -.
DR Antibodypedia; 19409; 360 antibodies from 32 providers.
DR DNASU; 13392; -.
DR Ensembl; ENSMUST00000024159; ENSMUSP00000024159; ENSMUSG00000023391.
DR GeneID; 13392; -.
DR KEGG; mmu:13392; -.
DR UCSC; uc008kax.2; mouse.
DR CTD; 1746; -.
DR MGI; MGI:94902; Dlx2.
DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSMUSG00000023391; -.
DR eggNOG; KOG0850; Eukaryota.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000160127; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_074733_1_1_1; -.
DR InParanoid; P40764; -.
DR OMA; WYHQASS; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1416398at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; P40764; -.
DR TreeFam; TF350606; -.
DR BioGRID-ORCS; 13392; 3 hits in 73 CRISPR screens.
DR ChiTaRS; Tes; mouse.
DR PRO; PR:P40764; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000000589; Chromosome 2.
DR RNAct; P40764; protein.
DR Bgee; ENSMUSG00000023391; Expressed in entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme and 178 other tissues.
DR ExpressionAtlas; P40764; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; P40764; MM.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0003682; F:chromatin binding; IDA:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0003677; F:DNA binding; IDA:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0001228; F:DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; IDA:NTNU_SB.
DR GO; GO:0000981; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0000978; F:RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0000977; F:RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; IDA:NTNU_SB.
DR GO; GO:1990837; F:sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding; ISO:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0003727; F:single-stranded RNA binding; IPI:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0048755; P:branching morphogenesis of a nerve; IMP:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0051216; P:cartilage development; IMP:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0030154; P:cell differentiation; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0021892; P:cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron differentiation; IGI:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0021893; P:cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron fate commitment; IGI:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0048701; P:embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis; IMP:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0048706; P:embryonic skeletal system development; IMP:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0021879; P:forebrain neuron differentiation; IGI:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0097154; P:GABAergic neuron differentiation; IGI:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0021766; P:hippocampus development; IGI:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0045746; P:negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway; IGI:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0048715; P:negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation; IGI:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0046533; P:negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0000122; P:negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IGI:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0014016; P:neuroblast differentiation; IMP:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0007219; P:Notch signaling pathway; IGI:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0042475; P:odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth; IGI:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0021772; P:olfactory bulb development; IMP:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0048709; P:oligodendrocyte differentiation; IGI:MGI.
DR GO; GO:1902871; P:positive regulation of amacrine cell differentiation; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0045597; P:positive regulation of cell differentiation; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0045944; P:positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IDA:NTNU_SB.
DR GO; GO:0009954; P:proximal/distal pattern formation; IMP:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0006357; P:regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IGI:MGI.
DR GO; GO:0021544; P:subpallium development; IGI:MGI.
DR CDD; cd00086; homeodomain; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR022135; Distal-less_N.
DR InterPro; IPR009057; Homeobox-like_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR017970; Homeobox_CS.
DR InterPro; IPR001356; Homeobox_dom.
DR InterPro; IPR020479; Homeobox_metazoa.
DR InterPro; IPR000047; HTH_motif.
DR Pfam; PF12413; DLL_N; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00046; Homeodomain; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR00024; HOMEOBOX.
DR PRINTS; PR00031; HTHREPRESSR.
DR SMART; SM00389; HOX; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF46689; SSF46689; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00027; HOMEOBOX_1; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50071; HOMEOBOX_2; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Activator; Developmental protein; Differentiation; DNA-binding; Homeobox;
KW Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Reference proteome; Transcription;
KW Transcription regulation.
FT CHAIN 1..332
FT /note="Homeobox protein DLX-2"
FT /id="PRO_0000049024"
FT DNA_BIND 155..214
FT /note="Homeobox"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00108"
FT REGION 19..83
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 219..272
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 304..332
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 19..75
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT MOD_RES 235
FT /note="Phosphoserine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q07687"
SQ SEQUENCE 332 AA; 34746 MW; FEC8483D1CAA71EA CRC64;
MTGVFDSLVA DMHSTQITAS STYHQHQQPP SGAGAGPGGN SNSSSSNSSL HKPQESPTLP
VSTATDSSYY TNQQHPAGGG GGGASPYAHM GSYQYHASGL NNVSYSAKSS YDLGYTAAYT
SYAPYGTSSS PVNNEPDKED LEPEIRIVNG KPKKVRKPRT IYSSFQLAAL QRRFQKTQYL
ALPERAELAA SLGLTQTQVK IWFQNRRSKF KKMWKSGEIP TEQHPGASAS PPCASPPVSA
PASWDFGAPQ RMAGGGPGSG GGGAGSSGSS PSSAASAFLG NYPWYHQASG SASHLQATAP
LLHPSQTPQA HHHHHHHHHA GGGAPVSAGT IF
