ELF4_ARATH
ID ELF4_ARATH Reviewed; 111 AA.
AC O04211;
DT 31-MAY-2011, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-JUL-1997, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 116.
DE RecName: Full=Protein EARLY FLOWERING 4;
DE AltName: Full=Protein ARRHYTHMIC 44;
GN Name=ELF4; Synonyms=ARR08, ARR16, ARR19, ARR44, ARR80;
GN OrderedLocusNames=At2g40080; ORFNames=T28M21.24;
OS Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis.
OX NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=10617197; DOI=10.1038/45471;
RA Lin X., Kaul S., Rounsley S.D., Shea T.P., Benito M.-I., Town C.D.,
RA Fujii C.Y., Mason T.M., Bowman C.L., Barnstead M.E., Feldblyum T.V.,
RA Buell C.R., Ketchum K.A., Lee J.J., Ronning C.M., Koo H.L., Moffat K.S.,
RA Cronin L.A., Shen M., Pai G., Van Aken S., Umayam L., Tallon L.J.,
RA Gill J.E., Adams M.D., Carrera A.J., Creasy T.H., Goodman H.M.,
RA Somerville C.R., Copenhaver G.P., Preuss D., Nierman W.C., White O.,
RA Eisen J.A., Salzberg S.L., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C.;
RT "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Nature 402:761-768(1999).
RN [2]
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=27862469; DOI=10.1111/tpj.13415;
RA Cheng C.Y., Krishnakumar V., Chan A.P., Thibaud-Nissen F., Schobel S.,
RA Town C.D.;
RT "Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference
RT genome.";
RL Plant J. 89:789-804(2017).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=14593172; DOI=10.1126/science.1088305;
RA Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M.,
RA Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G.,
RA Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G., Miranda M., Quach H.L.,
RA Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C.,
RA Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J.,
RA Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A.,
RA Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C.,
RA Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X.,
RA Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M.,
RA Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K.,
RA Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A.,
RA Ecker J.R.;
RT "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis
RT genome.";
RL Science 302:842-846(2003).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RA Brover V.V., Troukhan M.E., Alexandrov N.A., Lu Y.-P., Flavell R.B.,
RA Feldmann K.A.;
RT "Full-length cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [5]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RC STRAIN=cv. Wassilewskija;
RX PubMed=12214234; DOI=10.1038/nature00954;
RA Doyle M.R., Davis S.J., Bastow R.M., McWatters H.G., Kozma-Bognar L.,
RA Nagy F., Millar A.J., Amasino R.M.;
RT "The ELF4 gene controls circadian rhythms and flowering time in Arabidopsis
RT thaliana.";
RL Nature 419:74-77(2002).
RN [6]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INDUCTION BY RED
RP LIGHT, AND GENE FAMILY.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=14605220; DOI=10.1104/pp.103.030007;
RA Khanna R., Kikis E.A., Quail P.H.;
RT "EARLY FLOWERING 4 functions in phytochrome B-regulated seedling de-
RT etiolation.";
RL Plant Physiol. 133:1530-1538(2003).
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia, and cv. Wassilewskija;
RX PubMed=15659097; DOI=10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02300.x;
RA Doyle M.R., Bizzell C.M., Keller M.R., Michaels S.D., Song J., Noh Y.-S.,
RA Amasino R.M.;
RT "HUA2 is required for the expression of floral repressors in Arabidopsis
RT thaliana.";
RL Plant J. 41:376-385(2005).
RN [8]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, AND INDUCTION BY LIGHT.
RX PubMed=16212608; DOI=10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02531.x;
RA Kikis E.A., Khanna R., Quail P.H.;
RT "ELF4 is a phytochrome-regulated component of a negative-feedback loop
RT involving the central oscillator components CCA1 and LHY.";
RL Plant J. 44:300-313(2005).
RN [9]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=15908595; DOI=10.1104/pp.105.061408;
RA Hazen S.P., Borevitz J.O., Harmon F.G., Pruneda-Paz J.L., Schultz T.F.,
RA Yanovsky M.J., Liljegren S.J., Ecker J.R., Kay S.A.;
RT "Rapid array mapping of circadian clock and developmental mutations in
RT Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Physiol. 138:990-997(2005).
RN [10]
RP INDUCTION BY RED LIGHT.
RX PubMed=16908503; DOI=10.1093/jxb/erl086;
RA Molas M.L., Kiss J.Z., Correll M.J.;
RT "Gene profiling of the red light signalling pathways in roots.";
RL J. Exp. Bot. 57:3217-3229(2006).
RN [11]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RC STRAIN=cv. Wassilewskija;
RX PubMed=17384164; DOI=10.1104/pp.107.096206;
RA McWatters H.G., Kolmos E., Hall A., Doyle M.R., Amasino R.M., Gyula P.,
RA Nagy F., Millar A.J., Davis S.J.;
RT "ELF4 is required for oscillatory properties of the circadian clock.";
RL Plant Physiol. 144:391-401(2007).
RN [12]
RP INDUCTION BY CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=18676661; DOI=10.1104/pp.108.124917;
RA Wu J.-F., Wang Y., Wu S.-H.;
RT "Two new clock proteins, LWD1 and LWD2, regulate Arabidopsis photoperiodic
RT flowering.";
RL Plant Physiol. 148:948-959(2008).
RN [13]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, MUTAGENESIS OF GLU-15; GLU-18; PRO-23;
RP ARG-31; ARG-34; ARG-44; SER-45; ALA-59 AND GLY-74, INDUCTION BY LIGHT,
RP HOMODIMERIZATION, GENE FAMILY, AND NOMENCLATURE.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia, and cv. Wassilewskija;
RX PubMed=20357892; DOI=10.2976/1.3218766;
RA Kolmos E., Nowak M., Werner M., Fischer K., Schwarz G., Mathews S.,
RA Schoof H., Nagy F., Bujnicki J.M., Davis S.J.;
RT "Integrating ELF4 into the circadian system through combined structural and
RT functional studies.";
RL HFSP J. 3:350-366(2009).
RN [14]
RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-45, AND IDENTIFICATION BY
RP MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RX PubMed=19376835; DOI=10.1104/pp.109.138677;
RA Reiland S., Messerli G., Baerenfaller K., Gerrits B., Endler A.,
RA Grossmann J., Gruissem W., Baginsky S.;
RT "Large-scale Arabidopsis phosphoproteome profiling reveals novel
RT chloroplast kinase substrates and phosphorylation networks.";
RL Plant Physiol. 150:889-903(2009).
RN [15]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, AND INDUCTION BY CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=21255161; DOI=10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04505.x;
RA Wenden B., Kozma-Bognar L., Edwards K.D., Hall A.J., Locke J.C.W.,
RA Millar A.J.;
RT "Light inputs shape the Arabidopsis circadian system.";
RL Plant J. 66:480-491(2011).
RN [16]
RP FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH ELF3, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RX PubMed=22327739; DOI=10.1105/tpc.111.093807;
RA Herrero E., Kolmos E., Bujdoso N., Yuan Y., Wang M., Berns M.C.,
RA Uhlworm H., Coupland G., Saini R., Jaskolski M., Webb A., Goncalves J.,
RA Davis S.J.;
RT "EARLY FLOWERING4 recruitment of EARLY FLOWERING3 in the nucleus sustains
RT the Arabidopsis circadian clock.";
RL Plant Cell 24:428-443(2012).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Component of the central CCA1/LHY-TOC1 feedback loop in the
CC circadian clock that promotes clock accuracy and is required for
CC sustained rhythms in the absence of daily light/dark cycles. Part of a
CC corepressor complex consisting of ELF4, ELF3, and LUX involved in the
CC transcriptional regulation of APRR9. Increases ELF3 nuclear
CC distribution and localization in nuclear bodies. Required for
CC responsiveness to continuous red, by regulating phytochrome B (phyB)
CC signaling (including during seedling de-etiolation) and gene
CC expression. Mediates both entrainment to an environmental cycle and
CC circadian rhythm sustainability under constant conditions. Controls
CC flowering time. Necessary for light-induced expression of both CCA1 and
CC LHY. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12214234, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14605220,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:15659097, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15908595,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:16212608, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17384164,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:20357892, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21255161,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:22327739}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer. Interacts with ELF3. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22327739}.
CC -!- INTERACTION:
CC O04211; O82804: ELF3; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-16415004, EBI-16415030;
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14605220,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:22327739}. Note=Diffuse distribution. Targeted to
CC nuclear bodies after interaction with ELF3 (PubMed:22327739).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22327739}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: Follows a light-dependent circadian-regulated expression
CC with a peak in the evening, about 12 hours after dawn. Induced in
CC seedlings and roots by continuous far-red light (FRc) via the phyA
CC signaling pathway and by continuous red light (Rc) via the phyB
CC signaling pathway. This light-mediated induction is repressed by ELF3,
CC CCA1 and LHY. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14605220,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:16212608, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16908503,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:18676661, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20357892,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:21255161}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Impaired in their ability to sense day length
CC leading to early flowering in non-inductive photoperiods (probably
CC through the misexpression of CO), and elongated hypocotyls and petioles
CC in short days (SD). Attenuated light-regulated expression of CCA1 and
CC LHY, central oscillator components. Transient output rhythms with
CC highly variable period lengths before becoming arrhythmic. Reduced
CC responsiveness to continuous red, but not continuous far-red light,
CC suggesting a role in phyB signaling but not phyA signaling.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12214234, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14605220,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:15659097, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15908595,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:16212608, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17384164,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:20357892, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21255161}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EARLY FLOWERING 4 family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; AF002109; AAB95293.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CP002685; AEC09773.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY035183; AAK59687.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AY062963; AAL33809.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AY088748; AAM67064.1; -; mRNA.
DR PIR; A84825; A84825.
DR RefSeq; NP_565922.1; NM_129566.2.
DR AlphaFoldDB; O04211; -.
DR SMR; O04211; -.
DR BioGRID; 3934; 19.
DR ComplexPortal; CPX-1291; Evening Complex.
DR IntAct; O04211; 9.
DR STRING; 3702.AT2G40080.1; -.
DR iPTMnet; O04211; -.
DR MetOSite; O04211; -.
DR PaxDb; O04211; -.
DR PRIDE; O04211; -.
DR ProteomicsDB; 221942; -.
DR EnsemblPlants; AT2G40080.1; AT2G40080.1; AT2G40080.
DR GeneID; 818596; -.
DR Gramene; AT2G40080.1; AT2G40080.1; AT2G40080.
DR KEGG; ath:AT2G40080; -.
DR Araport; AT2G40080; -.
DR TAIR; locus:2061226; AT2G40080.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502S43Z; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_119738_2_1_1; -.
DR InParanoid; O04211; -.
DR OMA; FFHHRND; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1527684at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; O04211; -.
DR PRO; PR:O04211; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000006548; Chromosome 2.
DR ExpressionAtlas; O04211; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; O04211; AT.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0005667; C:transcription regulator complex; IDA:ComplexPortal.
DR GO; GO:0042803; F:protein homodimerization activity; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0009649; P:entrainment of circadian clock; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0009908; P:flower development; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0000122; P:negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IDA:ComplexPortal.
DR GO; GO:0009648; P:photoperiodism; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0048573; P:photoperiodism, flowering; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0042753; P:positive regulation of circadian rhythm; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0010017; P:red or far-red light signaling pathway; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0009585; P:red, far-red light phototransduction; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0042752; P:regulation of circadian rhythm; IDA:ComplexPortal.
DR GO; GO:0009909; P:regulation of flower development; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0010114; P:response to red light; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0048511; P:rhythmic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR InterPro; IPR040462; EARLY_FLOWERING_4.
DR InterPro; IPR009741; EARLY_FLOWERING_4_dom.
DR PANTHER; PTHR33469; PTHR33469; 1.
DR Pfam; PF07011; Elf4; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Biological rhythms; Flowering; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein;
KW Phytochrome signaling pathway; Reference proteome.
FT CHAIN 1..111
FT /note="Protein EARLY FLOWERING 4"
FT /id="PRO_0000408502"
FT REGION 1..26
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 90..111
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT MOD_RES 45
FT /note="Phosphoserine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0007744|PubMed:19376835"
FT MUTAGEN 15
FT /note="E->K: In elf4-201; reduced homodimer stability
FT associated with a slightly impaired circadian gene
FT regulation."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:20357892"
FT MUTAGEN 18
FT /note="E->K: In elf4-202; reduced homodimer stability
FT associated with a slightly impaired circadian gene
FT regulation."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:20357892"
FT MUTAGEN 23
FT /note="P->L: In elf4-208; reduced homodimer stability
FT associated with a slightly impaired circadian gene
FT regulation."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:20357892"
FT MUTAGEN 31
FT /note="R->Q: In elf4-210; reduced homodimer stability
FT associated with an impaired circadian gene regulation."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:20357892"
FT MUTAGEN 31
FT /note="R->W: In elf4-203; reduced homodimer stability
FT associated with a strongly impaired circadian rhythm
FT (short-period phenotype)."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:20357892"
FT MUTAGEN 34
FT /note="R->K: In elf4-204; reduced homodimer stability
FT associated with a slightly impaired circadian gene
FT regulation."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:20357892"
FT MUTAGEN 44
FT /note="R->K: In elf4-205; reduced homodimer stability
FT associated with a slightly impaired circadian gene
FT regulation."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:20357892"
FT MUTAGEN 45
FT /note="S->L: In elf4-211; reduced homodimer stability
FT associated with a slightly impaired circadian gene
FT regulation."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:20357892"
FT MUTAGEN 59
FT /note="A->V: In elf4-212; reduced homodimer stability
FT associated with a strongly impaired circadian rhythm
FT (short-period phenotype)."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:20357892"
FT MUTAGEN 74
FT /note="G->R: In elf4-213; reduced homodimer stability
FT associated with a slightly impaired circadian gene
FT regulation."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:20357892"
SQ SEQUENCE 111 AA; 12376 MW; 79CBE01F1D410891 CRC64;
MKRNGETKRR RNVAEEAEQG EDPAMWENLD RNFRQVQSVL DRNRSLIQQV NDNHQSRMAD
NMSKNVALIQ ELNGNISKVV NMYSDLNTSF SSGFHGGKNG HDGGGAAGTR A
