ELT1_CAEEL
ID ELT1_CAEEL Reviewed; 416 AA.
AC P28515; Q3S1J7;
DT 01-DEC-1992, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-DEC-1992, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 143.
DE RecName: Full=Transcription factor elt-1 {ECO:0000305};
GN Name=elt-1 {ECO:0000312|WormBase:W09C2.1b};
GN ORFNames=W09C2.1 {ECO:0000312|WormBase:W09C2.1b};
OS Caenorhabditis elegans.
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Nematoda; Chromadorea; Rhabditida;
OC Rhabditina; Rhabditomorpha; Rhabditoidea; Rhabditidae; Peloderinae;
OC Caenorhabditis.
OX NCBI_TaxID=6239;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA].
RX PubMed=1875944; DOI=10.1128/mcb.11.9.4651-4659.1991;
RA Spieth J., Shim Y.H., Lea K., Conrad R., Blumenthal T.;
RT "elt-1, an embryonically expressed Caenorhabditis elegans gene homologous
RT to the GATA transcription factor family.";
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:4651-4659(1991).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=Bristol N2;
RX PubMed=9851916; DOI=10.1126/science.282.5396.2012;
RG The C. elegans sequencing consortium;
RT "Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating
RT biology.";
RL Science 282:2012-2018(1998).
RN [3]
RP FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, AND DISRUPTION
RP PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=9224715; DOI=10.1101/gad.11.13.1651;
RA Page B.D., Zhang W., Steward K., Blumenthal T., Priess J.R.;
RT "ELT-1, a GATA-like transcription factor, is required for epidermal cell
RT fates in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos.";
RL Genes Dev. 11:1651-1661(1997).
RN [4]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=11259601; DOI=10.1128/mcb.21.7.2533-2544.2001;
RA Gilleard J.S., McGhee J.D.;
RT "Activation of hypodermal differentiation in the Caenorhabditis elegans
RT embryo by GATA transcription factors ELT-1 and ELT-3.";
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:2533-2544(2001).
RN [5]
RP FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE,
RP AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=16303852; DOI=10.1242/jcs.02678;
RA Smith J.A., McGarr P., Gilleard J.S.;
RT "The Caenorhabditis elegans GATA factor elt-1 is essential for
RT differentiation and maintenance of hypodermal seam cells and for normal
RT locomotion.";
RL J. Cell Sci. 118:5709-5719(2005).
RN [6]
RP FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, DOMAIN, AND DISRUPTION
RP PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=19591818; DOI=10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.06.044;
RA del Castillo-Olivares A., Kulkarni M., Smith H.E.;
RT "Regulation of sperm gene expression by the GATA factor ELT-1.";
RL Dev. Biol. 333:397-408(2009).
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=21829390; DOI=10.1371/journal.pgen.1002200;
RA Brabin C., Appleford P.J., Woollard A.;
RT "The Caenorhabditis elegans GATA factor ELT-1 works through the cell
RT proliferation regulator BRO-1 and the Fusogen EFF-1 to maintain the seam
RT stem-like fate.";
RL PLoS Genet. 7:E1002200-E1002200(2011).
RN [8]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, AND MUTAGENESIS OF PRO-226.
RX PubMed=25816370; DOI=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005099;
RA Cohen M.L., Kim S., Morita K., Kim S.H., Han M.;
RT "The GATA factor elt-1 regulates C. elegans developmental timing by
RT promoting expression of the let-7 family microRNAs.";
RL PLoS Genet. 11:E1005099-E1005099(2015).
RN [9]
RP FUNCTION, AND MUTAGENESIS OF PRO-226.
RX PubMed=29702639; DOI=10.1371/journal.pgen.1007295;
RA Engert C.G., Droste R., van Oudenaarden A., Horvitz H.R.;
RT "A Caenorhabditis elegans protein with a PRDM9-like SET domain localizes to
RT chromatin-associated foci and promotes spermatocyte gene expression, sperm
RT production and fertility.";
RL PLoS Genet. 14:E1007295-E1007295(2018).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator that binds to the consensus
CC sequence 5'-[AT]GATA[AG]-3' and variations thereof (PubMed:19591818,
CC PubMed:21829390). During embryonic development, required for
CC specification of cell fate of major hypodermal (epidermal) cells at the
CC blastomere stage (PubMed:9224715, PubMed:16303852, PubMed:11259601).
CC The requirement is true for all four lineages derived from ABarp, ABpra
CC and C blastomeres (PubMed:9224715). Required for seam cell maintenance
CC in late embryogenesis, for proper formation of dauer larvae and
CC locomotion (PubMed:16303852). Regulates expression of bro-1, a
CC regulator of seam cell proliferation, via a GATA-like binding motif
CC (PubMed:21829390). Probably represses expression of eff-1 to prevent
CC fusion of seam cells with the hypodermal syncytium (PubMed:21829390).
CC Involved in regulating expression of elt-3, a probable downstream
CC target in hypodermal development pathways, in dorsal and ventral
CC hypodermal cells (PubMed:16303852, PubMed:11259601). During
CC postembryonic development, has a role in sperm development
CC (PubMed:19591818, PubMed:29702639). Specifically, binds the bipartite
CC consensus sequence 5'-AGATCTx(8)GATAA-3' found in genes with sperm-
CC specific expression (PubMed:19591818). Furthermore, regulates timing of
CC developmental steps, possibly in parallel with daf-12, by controlling
CC the expression of the let-7 family of miRNAs which in turn determines
CC the transcription of heterochronic genes such as lin-41
CC (PubMed:25816370). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11259601,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:16303852, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19591818,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:21829390, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25816370,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:29702639, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9224715}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9224715}. Perikaryon
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16303852}. Cell projection, axon
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16303852}. Note=Expressed in pachytene nuclei
CC during the first stage of meiosis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19591818}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in ventral cord and retrovesicular
CC ganglion neurons. Expressed in vulval muscles of hermaphrodites and
CC lateral seam and tail seam cells of males. Expressed in spermatozoa
CC within the spermatheca of hermaphrodites.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16303852}.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed from the 28 cell stage of embryogenesis
CC in hypodermal and muscle precursor cells (at protein level)
CC (PubMed:9224715). Expressed from the 20-30 cell stage of embryogenesis
CC onwards (PubMed:16303852). At the beginning of the comma stage,
CC expression decreases in the dorsal and ventral hypodermis, but remains
CC high in the seam cells until the pretzel stage of embryogenesis
CC (PubMed:16303852). Expressed in neuronal cells of the retrovesicular
CC ganglion during the threefold stage of embryogenesis (PubMed:16303852).
CC Expressed highly in seam cells and retrovesicular ganglion and ventral
CC cord neuronal cells from the L1 stage of larval development to adult
CC (PubMed:16303852). Expressed in the sperm-producing germ line in
CC spermatogenesis during the L4 stage of larval development
CC (PubMed:19591818). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16303852,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:19591818, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9224715}.
CC -!- DOMAIN: Both zinc fingers are required for DNA binding in vitro.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19591818}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Mainly embryonic lethal (PubMed:9224715). Mutants
CC have defective body morphogenesis (PubMed:9224715). Embryos have few or
CC no hypodermal cells, but more neuronal and muscle cells due to
CC defective cell divisions and cell fate specification of ABarp- and
CC ABpla-derived and C blastomere hypodermal precursor cells of the
CC blastomere (PubMed:9224715). Defective alae formation and bursting
CC vulva phenotype at the L4 stage of larval development
CC (PubMed:25816370). RNAi-mediated knockdown results in a reduced brood
CC size, complete or half-sterility and male tail defects
CC (PubMed:19591818). Sterility may be due to sperm infertility and sperm
CC morphological and mobility defects (PubMed:19591818). RNAi-mediated
CC knockdown results in flaccidity, locomotion defects, herniating gonad
CC and gross cuticle abnormalities which may be attributed to seam cell
CC loss, and abnormal tail morphology and reduced tail seam cells in males
CC (PubMed:16303852). Ninety percent of embryos produced by animals fed
CC RNAi for more than 10 hours arrest early in development
CC (PubMed:16303852). Embryos laid 6-10 hours after RNAi administration
CC develop to the L1 stage of larval development, but display a lumpy
CC dumpy phenotype with reduced elt-3 expression in dorsal and ventral
CC hypodermal cells and greatly reduced seam cells with disorganised
CC alignment and abnormal fusion of present seam cells (PubMed:16303852).
CC RNAi-mediated knockdown at the L1, L2 or L3 larval stages results in a
CC general loss of structural integrity 2-4 hours following the L4 larval
CC stage to adult molt transition (PubMed:16303852). RNAi-mediated
CC knockdown in temperature sensitive mutants leads to abnormal dauer
CC formation with the majority of larvae arresting and appearing dauer-
CC like following 30-35 hours after RNAi feeding (PubMed:16303852).
CC Surviving larvae are wider in diameter than wild-type, have reduced
CC motility, no pharyngeal pumping, granular appearance of the hypodermal
CC and gut cytoplasm and dauer-like gonad morphology (PubMed:16303852). 40
CC and 60 hours post RNAi feeding, animals demonstrate seam cell defects
CC that manifest as cuticle abnormalities (PubMed:16303852). RNAi-mediated
CC knockdown results in fewer seam cells and seam cell defects including
CC cell division, proliferation and fusion abnormalities and cell fate
CC switching (PubMed:21829390). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16303852,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:19591818, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21829390,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:25816370, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9224715}.
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DR EMBL; X57834; CAA40967.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; BX284604; CAJ30235.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR PIR; A41267; A41267.
DR PIR; T26296; T26296.
DR RefSeq; NP_001033436.1; NM_001038347.2.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P28515; -.
DR SMR; P28515; -.
DR BioGRID; 42899; 24.
DR IntAct; P28515; 1.
DR STRING; 6239.W09C2.1a; -.
DR PaxDb; P28515; -.
DR EnsemblMetazoa; W09C2.1b.1; W09C2.1b.1; WBGene00001249.
DR GeneID; 177794; -.
DR UCSC; W09C2.1a; c. elegans.
DR CTD; 177794; -.
DR WormBase; W09C2.1b; CE03799; WBGene00001249; elt-1.
DR eggNOG; KOG1601; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_662645_0_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; P28515; -.
DR Reactome; R-CEL-5689880; Ub-specific processing proteases.
DR Reactome; R-CEL-8936459; RUNX1 regulates genes involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet function.
DR Reactome; R-CEL-9018519; Estrogen-dependent gene expression.
DR PRO; PR:P28515; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000001940; Chromosome IV.
DR Bgee; WBGene00001249; Expressed in embryo and 24 other tissues.
DR ExpressionAtlas; P28515; baseline and differential.
DR GO; GO:0030424; C:axon; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0043204; C:perikaryon; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0000981; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; IDA:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0000978; F:RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0001162; F:RNA polymerase II intronic transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; IDA:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0008270; F:zinc ion binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0045165; P:cell fate commitment; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0009957; P:epidermal cell fate specification; IMP:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0000122; P:negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IMP:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0045944; P:positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IDA:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0007286; P:spermatid development; IMP:WormBase.
DR GO; GO:0019827; P:stem cell population maintenance; IMP:WormBase.
DR CDD; cd00202; ZnF_GATA; 2.
DR Gene3D; 3.30.50.10; -; 2.
DR InterPro; IPR039355; Transcription_factor_GATA.
DR InterPro; IPR000679; Znf_GATA.
DR InterPro; IPR013088; Znf_NHR/GATA.
DR PANTHER; PTHR10071; PTHR10071; 2.
DR Pfam; PF00320; GATA; 2.
DR PRINTS; PR00619; GATAZNFINGER.
DR SMART; SM00401; ZnF_GATA; 2.
DR PROSITE; PS00344; GATA_ZN_FINGER_1; 2.
DR PROSITE; PS50114; GATA_ZN_FINGER_2; 2.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Activator; Cell projection; Developmental protein; DNA-binding;
KW Metal-binding; Nucleus; Reference proteome; Repeat; Transcription;
KW Transcription regulation; Zinc; Zinc-finger.
FT CHAIN 1..416
FT /note="Transcription factor elt-1"
FT /id="PRO_0000083471"
FT ZN_FING 217..241
FT /note="GATA-type 1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00094"
FT ZN_FING 272..296
FT /note="GATA-type 2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00094"
FT REGION 156..211
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 319..351
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT MUTAGEN 226
FT /note="P->S: In ku491; 50% reduction in fertility as
FT compared to wild-type. Reduces function during
FT postembryonic development. Defective alae formation."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:25816370,
FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:29702639"
SQ SEQUENCE 416 AA; 44823 MW; 01F1F5A19A57D42D CRC64;
MDYEGKPVEF TLGTSSGGAS LAPTSSTTAA SIAPFSYNTS ATNYYNTTPS SYPMFLNYQY
AGGTTVTTDM DAFSGMDMSM NNGVFGTQNN PSYFYPTTQL NTYGYDTLAA ATTASGITVN
NNQLNVNIVQ GNGTIVPQPI TQNIISTVSN VQSSVPINNS QPLTPTGLAG CSTSSGSSSA
SSSSANSTST PKNTISKANR SSGGANNSQF STEDRECVNC GVHNTPLWRR DGSGNYLCNA
CGLYFKMNHH ARPLVKPKKR QQNAQKRTGI ECVNCRTNTT TLWRRNGEGH PVCNACGLYF
KLHKVERPIT MKKDGIQTRN RKLSAKGSRR MKKENGGTPT SMGMPTTSSS ISSGIELDQS
GVWGMKNTQP MLMTPTAYAF PASNFYFNSI EDQLEYKTCP PMMVDFGGQM KNLNLN
