EMF2_ARATH
ID EMF2_ARATH Reviewed; 631 AA.
AC Q8L6Y4; Q53XQ5; Q93V59; Q9LU50; Q9LU51;
DT 16-MAY-2003, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 16-MAY-2003, sequence version 2.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 139.
DE RecName: Full=Polycomb group protein EMBRYONIC FLOWER 2;
GN Name=EMF2; OrderedLocusNames=At5g51230/At5g51240;
GN ORFNames=MWD22.18/MWD22.19;
OS Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis.
OX NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=11701882; DOI=10.2307/3871588;
RA Yoshida N., Yanai Y., Chen L., Kato Y., Hiratsuka J., Miwa T., Sung Z.R.,
RA Takahashi S.;
RT "EMBRYONIC FLOWER2, a novel polycomb group protein homolog, mediates shoot
RT development and flowering in Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Cell 13:2471-2481(2001).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=10718197; DOI=10.1093/dnares/7.1.31;
RA Sato S., Nakamura Y., Kaneko T., Katoh T., Asamizu E., Kotani H.,
RA Tabata S.;
RT "Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. X. Sequence
RT features of the regions of 3,076,755 bp covered by sixty P1 and TAC
RT clones.";
RL DNA Res. 7:31-63(2000).
RN [3]
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=27862469; DOI=10.1111/tpj.13415;
RA Cheng C.Y., Krishnakumar V., Chan A.P., Thibaud-Nissen F., Schobel S.,
RA Town C.D.;
RT "Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference
RT genome.";
RL Plant J. 89:789-804(2017).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=14593172; DOI=10.1126/science.1088305;
RA Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M.,
RA Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G.,
RA Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G., Miranda M., Quach H.L.,
RA Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C.,
RA Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J.,
RA Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A.,
RA Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C.,
RA Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X.,
RA Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M.,
RA Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K.,
RA Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A.,
RA Ecker J.R.;
RT "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis
RT genome.";
RL Science 302:842-846(2003).
RN [5]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=18281509; DOI=10.1105/tpc.106.049957;
RA Calonje M., Sanchez R., Chen L., Sung Z.R.;
RT "EMBRYONIC FLOWER1 participates in polycomb group-mediated AG gene
RT silencing in Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Cell 20:277-291(2008).
RN [6]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=19783648; DOI=10.1104/pp.109.143495;
RA Kim S.Y., Zhu T., Sung Z.R.;
RT "Epigenetic regulation of gene programs by EMF1 and EMF2 in Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Physiol. 152:516-528(2010).
RN [7]
RP INTERACTION WITH ALP1.
RX PubMed=26642436; DOI=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005660;
RA Liang S.C., Hartwig B., Perera P., Mora-Garcia S., de Leau E., Thornton H.,
RA de Lima Alves F., de Alves F.L., Rappsilber J., Rapsilber J., Yang S.,
RA James G.V., Schneeberger K., Finnegan E.J., Turck F., Goodrich J.;
RT "Kicking against the PRCs - A domesticated transposase antagonises
RT silencing mediated by polycomb group proteins and is an accessory component
RT of polycomb repressive complex 2.";
RL PLoS Genet. 11:E1005660-E1005660(2015).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Involved in flowering processes
CC by repressing unknown target genes and preventing reproductive
CC development. Participates in polycomb group (PcG) protein complex-
CC mediated (probably in complex with EMF1) silencing of the flower
CC homeotic genes AGAMOUS (AG), PISTILLATA (PI), and APETALA3 (AP3), as
CC well as of some regulatory genes such as ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3
CC (ABI3), LONG VEGETATIVE PHASE1 (LOV1), and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)
CC during vegetative development, by mediating trimethylation of histone 3
CC lysine 27 on the AG chromatin (H3K27me3). PcG proteins act by forming
CC multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the
CC transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout
CC development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but
CC to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act
CC via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed
CC in its expressibility. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18281509,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:19783648}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: In plants, PcG complexes are probably composed of a member of
CC the EZ family (CLF or MEA), FIE, and a member of the VEFS family (FIS2,
CC VRN2 or EMF2) (By similarity). Binds to ALP1 (PubMed:26642436).
CC {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26642436}.
CC -!- INTERACTION:
CC Q8L6Y4; P93831: CLF; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-2128696, EBI-307155;
CC Q8L6Y4; O22467: MSI1; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-2128696, EBI-632891;
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;
CC Name=1;
CC IsoId=Q8L6Y4-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC Name=2;
CC IsoId=Q8L6Y4-2; Sequence=VSP_007456;
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Widely expressed throughout the life cycle with
CC higher levels in proliferating tissues. Expressed in both vegetative
CC and the reproductive shoot meristems.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed in the developing embryos and endosperm,
CC then decreases when embryos mature and soon after cellularization in
CC the endosperm. After germination, it is expressed in the shoot apical
CC meristems (SAMs), leaf primordia, and young leaves. In the reproductive
CC shoots, it is expressed in both the influorescence and floral
CC meristems. Later, it is expressed in floral organ primordia. In
CC coflorescences, it is expressed in SAMs and lateral organs. In roots,
CC it is expressed in root tips.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the VEFS (VRN2-EMF2-FIS2-SU(Z)12) family.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
CC Sequence=BAA97386.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Note=Was originally thought to correspond to two different genes At5g51230 and At5g51240.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
CC Sequence=BAA97387.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Note=Was originally thought to correspond to two different genes At5g51230 and At5g51240.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
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DR EMBL; AB053171; BAB58956.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AB053262; BAB58957.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AB023044; BAA97386.1; ALT_SEQ; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AB023044; BAA97387.1; ALT_SEQ; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CP002688; AED96055.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CP002688; AED96056.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CP002688; AED96057.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY140086; AAM98227.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BT008388; AAP37747.1; -; mRNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_001119413.1; NM_001125941.1. [Q8L6Y4-2]
DR RefSeq; NP_199936.2; NM_124502.3. [Q8L6Y4-2]
DR RefSeq; NP_851168.1; NM_180837.3. [Q8L6Y4-1]
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q8L6Y4; -.
DR BioGRID; 20443; 8.
DR IntAct; Q8L6Y4; 9.
DR STRING; 3702.AT5G51230.1; -.
DR PaxDb; Q8L6Y4; -.
DR PRIDE; Q8L6Y4; -.
DR ProteomicsDB; 222657; -. [Q8L6Y4-1]
DR EnsemblPlants; AT5G51230.1; AT5G51230.1; AT5G51230. [Q8L6Y4-1]
DR EnsemblPlants; AT5G51230.2; AT5G51230.2; AT5G51230. [Q8L6Y4-2]
DR EnsemblPlants; AT5G51230.3; AT5G51230.3; AT5G51230. [Q8L6Y4-2]
DR GeneID; 835198; -.
DR Gramene; AT5G51230.1; AT5G51230.1; AT5G51230. [Q8L6Y4-1]
DR Gramene; AT5G51230.2; AT5G51230.2; AT5G51230. [Q8L6Y4-2]
DR Gramene; AT5G51230.3; AT5G51230.3; AT5G51230. [Q8L6Y4-2]
DR KEGG; ath:AT5G51230; -.
DR Araport; AT5G51230; -.
DR TAIR; locus:2176242; AT5G51230.
DR eggNOG; KOG2350; Eukaryota.
DR InParanoid; Q8L6Y4; -.
DR OMA; LWCWRFF; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q8L6Y4; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q8L6Y4; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000006548; Chromosome 5.
DR ExpressionAtlas; Q8L6Y4; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; Q8L6Y4; AT.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0031490; F:chromatin DNA binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0003677; F:DNA binding; ISS:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0003700; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity; ISS:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0046872; F:metal ion binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0000976; F:transcription cis-regulatory region binding; IPI:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0030154; P:cell differentiation; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0009908; P:flower development; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0009910; P:negative regulation of flower development; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0006349; P:regulation of gene expression by genomic imprinting; IMP:TAIR.
DR InterPro; IPR019135; Polycomb_protein_VEFS-Box.
DR Pfam; PF09733; VEFS-Box; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00028; ZINC_FINGER_C2H2_1; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Alternative splicing; Chromatin regulator; Developmental protein;
KW Differentiation; Flowering; Metal-binding; Nucleus; Reference proteome;
KW Repressor; Transcription; Transcription regulation; Zinc; Zinc-finger.
FT CHAIN 1..631
FT /note="Polycomb group protein EMBRYONIC FLOWER 2"
FT /id="PRO_0000047835"
FT ZN_FING 324..347
FT /note="C2H2-type"
FT REGION 424..465
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 505..583
FT /note="VEFS-box"
FT COMPBIAS 424..442
FT /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT VAR_SEQ 392..396
FT /note="Missing (in isoform 2)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:14593172"
FT /id="VSP_007456"
SQ SEQUENCE 631 AA; 71681 MW; F36FE92D0F62E610 CRC64;
MPGIPLVSRE TSSCSRSTEQ MCHEDSRLRI SEEEEIAAEE SLAAYCKPVE LYNIIQRRAI
RNPLFLQRCL HYKIEAKHKR RIQMTVFLSG AIDAGVQTQK LFPLYILLAR LVSPKPVAEY
SAVYRFSRAC ILTGGLGVDG VSQAQANFLL PDMNRLALEA KSGSLAILFI SFAGAQNSQF
GIDSGKIHSG NIGGHCLWSK IPLQSLYASW QKSPNMDLGQ RVDTVSLVEM QPCFIKLKSM
SEEKCVSIQV PSNPLTSSSP QQVQVTISAE EVGSTEKSPY SSFSYNDISS SSLLQIIRLR
TGNVVFNYRY YNNKLQKTEV TEDFSCPFCL VKCASFKGLR YHLPSTHDLL NFEFWVTEEF
QAVNVSLKTE TMISKVNEDD VDPKQQTFFF SSKKFRRRRQ KSQVRSSRQG PHLGLGCEVL
DKTDDAHSVR SEKSRIPPGK HYERIGGAES GQRVPPGTSP ADVQSCGDPD YVQSIAGSTM
LQFAKTRKIS IERSDLRNRS LLQKRQFFHS HRAQPMALEQ VLSDRDSEDE VDDDVADFED
RRMLDDFVDV TKDEKQMMHM WNSFVRKQRV LADGHIPWAC EAFSRLHGPI MVRTPHLIWC
WRVFMVKLWN HGLLDARTMN NCNTFLEQLQ I
