AHL16_ARATH
ID AHL16_ARATH Reviewed; 257 AA.
AC Q9SJG4;
DT 04-MAR-2015, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-MAY-2000, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 124.
DE RecName: Full=AT-hook motif nuclear-localized protein 16 {ECO:0000312|EMBL:FAA00287.1};
DE AltName: Full=Protein TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT SILENCING VIA AT-HOOK {ECO:0000303|PubMed:23394836};
DE Short=Protein TEK {ECO:0000303|PubMed:23394836};
GN Name=AHL16 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:15604740};
GN Synonyms=TEK {ECO:0000303|PubMed:23394836};
GN OrderedLocusNames=At2g42940 {ECO:0000312|Araport:AT2G42940};
GN ORFNames=F23E6.8 {ECO:0000312|EMBL:AAM15286.1},
GN F7D19.6 {ECO:0000312|EMBL:AAD21715.1};
OS Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis.
OX NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=10617197; DOI=10.1038/45471;
RA Lin X., Kaul S., Rounsley S.D., Shea T.P., Benito M.-I., Town C.D.,
RA Fujii C.Y., Mason T.M., Bowman C.L., Barnstead M.E., Feldblyum T.V.,
RA Buell C.R., Ketchum K.A., Lee J.J., Ronning C.M., Koo H.L., Moffat K.S.,
RA Cronin L.A., Shen M., Pai G., Van Aken S., Umayam L., Tallon L.J.,
RA Gill J.E., Adams M.D., Carrera A.J., Creasy T.H., Goodman H.M.,
RA Somerville C.R., Copenhaver G.P., Preuss D., Nierman W.C., White O.,
RA Eisen J.A., Salzberg S.L., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C.;
RT "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Nature 402:761-768(1999).
RN [2]
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=27862469; DOI=10.1111/tpj.13415;
RA Cheng C.Y., Krishnakumar V., Chan A.P., Thibaud-Nissen F., Schobel S.,
RA Town C.D.;
RT "Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference
RT genome.";
RL Plant J. 89:789-804(2017).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RA Shinn P., Chen H., Cheuk R.F., Kim C.J., Ecker J.R.;
RT "Arabidopsis ORF clones.";
RL Submitted (DEC-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [4]
RP IDENTIFICATION, GENE FAMILY, AND NOMENCLATURE.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=15604740; DOI=10.1007/s11103-004-3249-5;
RA Fujimoto S., Matsunaga S., Yonemura M., Uchiyama S., Azuma T., Fukui K.;
RT "Identification of a novel plant MAR DNA binding protein localized on
RT chromosomal surfaces.";
RL Plant Mol. Biol. 56:225-239(2004).
RN [5]
RP FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND INTERACTION WITH FVE/MSI4 AND MSI5.
RC STRAIN=cv. Landsberg erecta;
RX PubMed=23394836; DOI=10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.030;
RA Xu Y., Wang Y., Stroud H., Gu X., Sun B., Gan E.S., Ng K.H., Jacobsen S.E.,
RA He Y., Ito T.;
RT "A matrix protein silences transposons and repeats through interaction with
RT retinoblastoma-associated proteins.";
RL Curr. Biol. 23:345-350(2013).
RN [6]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=23836195; DOI=10.4161/nucl.25612;
RA Xu Y., Gan E.S., He Y., Ito T.;
RT "Flowering and genome integrity control by a nuclear matrix protein in
RT Arabidopsis.";
RL Nucleus 4:274-276(2013).
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=23733063; DOI=10.4161/psb.25006;
RA Xu Y., Gan E.S., Ito T.;
RT "The AT-hook/PPC domain protein TEK negatively regulates floral repressors
RT including MAF4 and MAF5.";
RL Plant Signal. Behav. 8:E25006-E25006(2013).
RN [8]
RP GENE FAMILY, AND DOMAIN PPC.
RX PubMed=24218605; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1219277110;
RA Zhao J., Favero D.S., Peng H., Neff M.M.;
RT "Arabidopsis thaliana AHL family modulates hypocotyl growth redundantly by
RT interacting with each other via the PPC/DUF296 domain.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110:E4688-E4697(2013).
RN [9]
RP FUNCTION, AND MUTAGENESIS OF 57-GLY--PRO-59.
RX PubMed=25336567; DOI=10.1093/mp/ssu114;
RA Jia Q.S., Zhu J., Xu X.F., Lou Y., Zhang Z.L., Zhang Z.P., Yang Z.N.;
RT "Arabidopsis AT-hook protein TEK positively regulates the expression of
RT arabinogalactan proteins in controlling nexine layer formation in the
RT pollen wall.";
RL Mol. Plant 0:0-0(2014).
RN [10]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND TISSUE
RP SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=24804694; DOI=10.1038/ncomms4855;
RA Lou Y., Xu X.F., Zhu J., Gu J.N., Blackmore S., Yang Z.N.;
RT "The tapetal AHL family protein TEK determines nexine formation in the
RT pollen wall.";
RL Nat. Commun. 5:3855-3855(2014).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Transcription factor that specifically binds AT-rich DNA
CC sequences related to the nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs)
CC (PubMed:25336567). Encodes a nuclear matrix protein that acts in the
CC maintenance of genomic integrity by silencing TEs and repeat-containing
CC genes through epigenetic machinery. Acts as a chromatin remodeling
CC factor that modifies the architecture of FLC and FWA chromatin by
CC modulating both H3 acetylation and methylation leading to the
CC regulation of FLC and FWA expression (PubMed:23394836,
CC PubMed:23836195). Negatively regulates floral repressors including MAF4
CC and MAF5 (PubMed:23733063). Plays a transcription activation role in
CC anther development. Regulates the expression of arabinogalactan
CC proteins (AGPs) involved in the formation of the nexine layer of the
CC pollen wall (PubMed:25336567, PubMed:24804694). Binds AGP6, AGP11,
CC AGP23 and AGP40 promoters (PubMed:25336567).
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8VYJ2, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23394836,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:23733063, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23836195,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:24804694, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25336567}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with FVE/MSI4 and MSI5 which are components of HDAC
CC corepressor complexes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23394836}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24804694}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Preferentially expressed in the inflorescence
CC meristem and young floral buds, as well as in seedling-stage vegetative
CC meristems (PubMed:23394836). Widely expressed in flowers, roots and
CC stems, with relatively low expression in leaves (PubMed:24804694).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23394836, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24804694}.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed in tapetum during the tetrad stage.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24804694}.
CC -!- DOMAIN: The PPC domain mediates interactions between AHL proteins.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24218605}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Abnormal pollen wall with the absence of the
CC nexine and intine layers causing microspore abortion and male
CC sterility. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24804694}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: AHL16/TEK knockdown results in late flowering phenotype.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23394836}.
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DR EMBL; AC006580; AAM15286.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AC006931; AAD21715.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CP002685; AEC10189.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; BT010721; AAR20778.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BT010995; AAR24773.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BR000352; FAA00287.1; -; mRNA.
DR PIR; B84860; B84860.
DR RefSeq; NP_181822.1; NM_129855.3.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q9SJG4; -.
DR SMR; Q9SJG4; -.
DR IntAct; Q9SJG4; 4.
DR STRING; 3702.AT2G42940.1; -.
DR PaxDb; Q9SJG4; -.
DR PRIDE; Q9SJG4; -.
DR EnsemblPlants; AT2G42940.1; AT2G42940.1; AT2G42940.
DR GeneID; 818895; -.
DR Gramene; AT2G42940.1; AT2G42940.1; AT2G42940.
DR KEGG; ath:AT2G42940; -.
DR Araport; AT2G42940; -.
DR TAIR; locus:2045585; AT2G42940.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502QQZB; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_039808_2_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q9SJG4; -.
DR OMA; GCDICET; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1214110at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q9SJG4; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q9SJG4; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000006548; Chromosome 2.
DR ExpressionAtlas; Q9SJG4; differential.
DR Genevisible; Q9SJG4; AT.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0031490; F:chromatin DNA binding; IDA:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0003700; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0003680; F:minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0035067; P:negative regulation of histone acetylation; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0010529; P:negative regulation of transposition; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0010208; P:pollen wall assembly; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:1900111; P:positive regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0010228; P:vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR CDD; cd11378; DUF296; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR014476; AHL15-29.
DR InterPro; IPR005175; PPC_dom.
DR PANTHER; PTHR31100; PTHR31100; 1.
DR Pfam; PF03479; PCC; 1.
DR PIRSF; PIRSF016021; ESCAROLA; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS51742; PPC; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Activator; DNA-binding; Nucleus; Reference proteome; Transcription;
KW Transcription regulation.
FT CHAIN 1..257
FT /note="AT-hook motif nuclear-localized protein 16"
FT /id="PRO_0000432034"
FT DOMAIN 77..214
FT /note="PPC"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01078"
FT DNA_BIND 53..65
FT /note="A.T hook"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT REGION 1..71
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 7..39
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT MUTAGEN 57..59
FT /note="GRP->AAA: Reduces DNA-binding activity."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:25336567"
SQ SEQUENCE 257 AA; 27004 MW; 00DA8F50213F6DE9 CRC64;
MAGGTALTPT SVGSKSVPMR NHEATERGNT NNNLRALPKA VQPVSSIEGE MAKRPRGRPA
GSKNKPKPPI IVTHDSPNSL RANAVEISSG CDICETLSDF ARRKQRGLCI LSANGCVTNV
TLRQPASSGA IVTLHGRYEI LSLLGSILPP PAPLGITGLT IYLAGPQGQV VGGGVVGGLI
ASGPVVLMAA SFMNAVFDRL PMDDDEAASM QNQQYYQNGR SRPLDDIHGL PQNLLTNGNS
ASDIYSWGPA QRVMSKP
