AKT2_ALTAL
ID AKT2_ALTAL Reviewed; 262 AA.
AC O93801;
DT 18-JUL-2018, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-MAY-1999, sequence version 1.
DT 25-MAY-2022, entry version 51.
DE RecName: Full=Abhydrolase domain-containing protein AKT2 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10432635};
DE EC=3.1.1.- {ECO:0000305|PubMed:10432635};
DE AltName: Full=AF-toxin biosynthesis protein 2 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10432635};
GN Name=AKT2 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10432635};
GN Synonyms=AKT2-1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24611558};
OS Alternaria alternata (Alternaria rot fungus) (Torula alternata).
OC Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Pezizomycotina; Dothideomycetes;
OC Pleosporomycetidae; Pleosporales; Pleosporineae; Pleosporaceae; Alternaria;
OC Alternaria sect. Alternaria; Alternaria alternata complex.
OX NCBI_TaxID=5599;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, AND
RP PATHWAY.
RC STRAIN=15A;
RX PubMed=10432635; DOI=10.1094/mpmi.1999.12.8.691;
RA Tanaka A., Shiotani H., Yamamoto M., Tsuge T.;
RT "Insertional mutagenesis and cloning of the genes required for biosynthesis
RT of the host-specific AK-toxin in the Japanese pear pathotype of Alternaria
RT alternata.";
RL Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 12:691-702(1999).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=15A;
RX PubMed=24611558; DOI=10.1111/nph.12754;
RA Takaoka S., Kurata M., Harimoto Y., Hatta R., Yamamoto M., Akimitsu K.,
RA Tsuge T.;
RT "Complex regulation of secondary metabolism controlling pathogenicity in
RT the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata.";
RL New Phytol. 202:1297-1309(2014).
RN [3]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=10975654; DOI=10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.9.975;
RA Tanaka A., Tsuge T.;
RT "Structural and functional complexity of the genomic region controlling AK-
RT toxin biosynthesis and pathogenicity in the Japanese pear pathotype of
RT Alternaria alternata.";
RL Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 13:975-986(2000).
RN [4]
RP FUNCTION, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RX PubMed=20348386; DOI=10.1128/ec.00369-09;
RA Imazaki A., Tanaka A., Harimoto Y., Yamamoto M., Akimitsu K., Park P.,
RA Tsuge T.;
RT "Contribution of peroxisomes to secondary metabolism and pathogenicity in
RT the fungal plant pathogen Alternaria alternata.";
RL Eukaryot. Cell 9:682-694(2010).
RN [5]
RP REVIEW ON HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS.
RX PubMed=22846083; DOI=10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00350.x;
RA Tsuge T., Harimoto Y., Akimitsu K., Ohtani K., Kodama M., Akagi Y.,
RA Egusa M., Yamamoto M., Otani H.;
RT "Host-selective toxins produced by the plant pathogenic fungus Alternaria
RT alternata.";
RL FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 37:44-66(2013).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Abhydrolase domain-containing protein; part of the gene
CC clusters that mediate the biosynthesis of the host-selective toxins
CC (HSTs) AK-toxins responsible for Japanese pear black spot disease by
CC the Japanese pear pathotype (PubMed:10432635, PubMed:20348386). AK-
CC toxins are esters of 9,10-epoxy 8-hydroxy 9-methyldecatrienoic acid
CC (EDA) (PubMed:22846083). On cellular level, AK-toxins affect plasma
CC membrane of susceptible cells and cause a sudden increase in loss of
CC K(+) after a few minutes of toxin treatment (PubMed:22846083). The
CC acyl-CoA ligase AKT1, the hydrolase AKT2 and enoyl-CoA hydratase AKT3
CC are all involved in the biosynthesis of the AK-, AF- and ACT-toxin
CC common 9,10-epoxy-8-hydroxy-9-methyl-decatrienoic acid (EDA) structural
CC moiety (PubMed:10432635, PubMed:10975654, PubMed:22846083). Part of the
CC EDA biosynthesis occurs in the peroxisome since these 3 enzymes are
CC localized in peroxisomes (PubMed:20348386). The exact roles of the 3
CC enzymes, as well as of additional AK-toxin clusters enzymes, including
CC AKT4, AKT6 and AKTS1, have still to be elucidated (PubMed:10432635,
CC PubMed:10975654, PubMed:22846083). The Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase
CC AKT7 on the other side functions to limit production of EDA and AK-
CC toxin, probably via the catalysis of a side reaction of EDA or its
CC precursor (PubMed:24611558). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10432635,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:10975654, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20348386,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:24611558, ECO:0000303|PubMed:22846083}.
CC -!- PATHWAY: Mycotoxin biosynthesis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10432635}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20348386}.
CC Note=The peroxisomal location requires the C-terminal tripeptide
CC peroxisomal targeting signal. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20348386}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Abolishes the production of AK-toxin and impairs
CC the pathogenicity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10432635}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Gene clusters encoding host-selective toxins (HSTs) are
CC localized on conditionally dispensable chromosomes (CDCs), also called
CC supernumerary chromosomes, where they are present in multiple copies
CC (PubMed:10975654). The CDCs are not essential for saprophytic growth
CC but controls host-selective pathogenicity (PubMed:10975654).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10975654}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. AKT2 hydrolase
CC family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; AB015352; BAA36589.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AB872924; BAO10614.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR AlphaFoldDB; O93801; -.
DR SMR; O93801; -.
DR PHI-base; PHI:134; -.
DR GO; GO:0005777; C:peroxisome; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0016787; F:hydrolase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR Gene3D; 3.40.50.1820; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR029058; AB_hydrolase.
DR InterPro; IPR000073; AB_hydrolase_1.
DR Pfam; PF12697; Abhydrolase_6; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF53474; SSF53474; 1.
PE 3: Inferred from homology;
KW Hydrolase; Peroxisome; Virulence.
FT CHAIN 1..262
FT /note="Abhydrolase domain-containing protein AKT2"
FT /id="PRO_0000444825"
FT MOTIF 260..262
FT /note="Peroxisomal targeting signal type 1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:20348386"
SQ SEQUENCE 262 AA; 29432 MW; 57B66A7F4A8A6ACC CRC64;
MQQPIIGVGH SMGGCQIATL SVTSRRMFST MILLDPAIGP PDMGLATLDL GQLTLRRRTQ
WPTREDAEKA LRTSFSTWDS QVLNLLIKHS IHSDKQSIEM EDGPVSLVTG RYQELVNYIK
PSFIRSGKVN GQELIHQTGP VDMYHMLGLV TCSALYLCGG ESTLSVPRVR DLWLNRTAKL
SYSKEPGETR KVDERIVPDT GHFLPMEEPK KCADIIADWI EKDKCIAWNC CVGKRGKTWC
ELSNASKEMS AEAWMKYLQS KL
