GALP_HUMAN
ID GALP_HUMAN Reviewed; 116 AA.
AC Q9UBC7; A1KXL3;
DT 11-FEB-2002, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-MAY-2000, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 137.
DE RecName: Full=Galanin-like peptide;
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=GALP;
OS Homo sapiens (Human).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
OC Homo.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RX PubMed=10601261; DOI=10.1074/jbc.274.52.37041;
RA Ohtaki T., Kumano S., Ishibashi Y., Ogi K., Matsui H., Harada M.,
RA Kitada C., Kurokawa T., Onda H., Fujino M.;
RT "Isolation and cDNA cloning of a novel galanin-like peptide (GALP) from
RT porcine hypothalamus.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 274:37041-37045(1999).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
RA Kofler B., Moritz K., Fenninger K.;
RT "Differential splicing leads to the novel peptide alarin another member of
RT the galanin-like peptide family.";
RL Submitted (JUN-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [3]
RP ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.
RC TISSUE=Neuroblastoma;
RX PubMed=16954604; DOI=10.1385/jmn:29:2:145;
RA Santic R., Fenninger K., Graf K., Schneider R., Hauser-Kronberger C.,
RA Schilling F.H., Kogner P., Ratschek M., Jones N., Sperl W., Kofler B.;
RT "Gangliocytes in neuroblastic tumors express alarin, a novel peptide
RT derived by differential splicing of the galanin-like peptide gene.";
RL J. Mol. Neurosci. 29:145-152(2006).
RN [4]
RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY (ISOFORM 2).
RX PubMed=17535903; DOI=10.1073/pnas.0608585104;
RA Santic R., Schmidhuber S.M., Lang R., Rauch I., Voglas E., Eberhard N.,
RA Bauer J.W., Brain S.D., Kofler B.;
RT "Alarin is a vasoactive peptide.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:10217-10222(2007).
RN [5]
RP FUNCTION (ISOFORM 2).
RX PubMed=23537644; DOI=10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.03.045;
RA Wada A., Wong P.F., Hojo H., Hasegawa M., Ichinose A., Llanes R., Kubo Y.,
RA Senba M., Ichinose Y.;
RT "Alarin but not its alternative-splicing form, GALP (Galanin-like peptide)
RT has antimicrobial activity.";
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 434:223-227(2013).
CC -!- FUNCTION: [Isoform 1]: Hypothalamic neuropeptide which binds to the G-
CC protein-coupled galanin receptors (GALR1, GALR2 and GALR3). Involved in
CC a large number of putative physiological functions in CNS homeostatic
CC processes, including the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
CC secretion.
CC -!- FUNCTION: [Isoform 2]: Exhibits potent and dose-dependent
CC vasoconstrictor and anti-edema activity in the cutaneous
CC microvasculature, a physiologic effects which does not appear to be
CC mediated via GALR1 or GALR2. Exhibits antimicrobial activity against
CC Gram-negative bacterias, inducing bacterial membrane blebbing
CC (PubMed:23537644). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23537644}.
CC -!- INTERACTION:
CC Q9UBC7; O43765: SGTA; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-12244186, EBI-347996;
CC Q9UBC7; Q9UHD9: UBQLN2; NbExp=6; IntAct=EBI-12244186, EBI-947187;
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;
CC Name=1;
CC IsoId=Q9UBC7-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC Name=2; Synonyms=Alarin, del/E3;
CC IsoId=Q9UBC7-2; Sequence=VSP_030460;
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Isoform 2 is found in ganglia of ganglioneuroma and
CC ganglioneuroblastoma, as well as in differentiated tumor cells of
CC neuroblastoma tissues. Not found in undifferentiated neuroblasts.
CC Isoform 2 is found in the skin, in pericytes covering microvascular
CC arterioles and venules on their abluminal surfaces. In larger vessels,
CC isoform 2 is expressed in layers of smooth muscle cells. Isoform 2 is
CC not detected in endothelial cells.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: [Isoform 2]: Cleavage of the signal peptide generates a
CC peptide of 25 amino acids, termed alarin because of the N-terminal
CC alanine and the C-terminal serine. Involved in ganglionic
CC differentiation in neuroblastic tumor tissues. Vasoactive peptide.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the galanin family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; AF188492; AAF19724.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AF188493; AAF19725.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AY329637; AAQ99038.1; -; mRNA.
DR CCDS; CCDS12940.1; -. [Q9UBC7-1]
DR CCDS; CCDS46202.1; -. [Q9UBC7-2]
DR RefSeq; NP_001139018.1; NM_001145546.1. [Q9UBC7-2]
DR RefSeq; NP_149097.1; NM_033106.3. [Q9UBC7-1]
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q9UBC7; -.
DR BioGRID; 124570; 10.
DR IntAct; Q9UBC7; 2.
DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000349884; -.
DR iPTMnet; Q9UBC7; -.
DR PhosphoSitePlus; Q9UBC7; -.
DR BioMuta; GALP; -.
DR DMDM; 20138432; -.
DR MaxQB; Q9UBC7; -.
DR PaxDb; Q9UBC7; -.
DR PeptideAtlas; Q9UBC7; -.
DR PRIDE; Q9UBC7; -.
DR Antibodypedia; 33185; 107 antibodies from 22 providers.
DR DNASU; 85569; -.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000357330.7; ENSP00000349884.2; ENSG00000197487.9. [Q9UBC7-1]
DR Ensembl; ENST00000440823.1; ENSP00000411521.1; ENSG00000197487.9. [Q9UBC7-2]
DR Ensembl; ENST00000590002.1; ENSP00000464698.1; ENSG00000197487.9. [Q9UBC7-2]
DR GeneID; 85569; -.
DR KEGG; hsa:85569; -.
DR MANE-Select; ENST00000357330.7; ENSP00000349884.2; NM_033106.4; NP_149097.1.
DR UCSC; uc002qmo.1; human. [Q9UBC7-1]
DR CTD; 85569; -.
DR DisGeNET; 85569; -.
DR GeneCards; GALP; -.
DR HGNC; HGNC:24840; GALP.
DR HPA; ENSG00000197487; Not detected.
DR MIM; 611178; gene.
DR neXtProt; NX_Q9UBC7; -.
DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000197487; -.
DR PharmGKB; PA162389277; -.
DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000197487; -.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502TI9H; Eukaryota.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00390000016349; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_167264_0_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q9UBC7; -.
DR OMA; PQMSDQD; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1502468at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q9UBC7; -.
DR TreeFam; TF339481; -.
DR PathwayCommons; Q9UBC7; -.
DR SignaLink; Q9UBC7; -.
DR SIGNOR; Q9UBC7; -.
DR BioGRID-ORCS; 85569; 310 hits in 1062 CRISPR screens.
DR GenomeRNAi; 85569; -.
DR Pharos; Q9UBC7; Tbio.
DR PRO; PR:Q9UBC7; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 19.
DR RNAct; Q9UBC7; protein.
DR Bgee; ENSG00000197487; Expressed in right lobe of liver and 46 other tissues.
DR Genevisible; Q9UBC7; HS.
DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0005179; F:hormone activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0061844; P:antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0042595; P:behavioral response to starvation; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0050829; P:defense response to Gram-negative bacterium; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0035821; P:modulation of process of another organism; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0007218; P:neuropeptide signaling pathway; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0032098; P:regulation of appetite; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0032868; P:response to insulin; IEA:Ensembl.
DR InterPro; IPR008174; Galanin.
DR InterPro; IPR039244; GALP.
DR PANTHER; PTHR20950; PTHR20950; 1.
DR Pfam; PF01296; Galanin; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00861; GALANIN; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Alternative splicing; Antibiotic; Antimicrobial;
KW Cleavage on pair of basic residues; Hormone; Neuropeptide;
KW Reference proteome; Secreted; Signal.
FT SIGNAL 1..24
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT CHAIN 25..84
FT /note="Galanin-like peptide"
FT /id="PRO_0000010463"
FT PROPEP 87..116
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT /id="PRO_0000010464"
FT VAR_SEQ 30..115
FT /note="GRGGWTLNSAGYLLGPVLHLPQMGDQDGKRETALEILDLWKAIDGLPYSHPP
FT QPSKRNVMETFAKPEIGDLGMLSMKIPKEEDVLK -> SSTFPKWVTKTERGRQPLR
FT (in isoform 2)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|Ref.2"
FT /id="VSP_030460"
FT VARIANT 72
FT /note="I -> M (in dbSNP:rs3745833)"
FT /id="VAR_020426"
SQ SEQUENCE 116 AA; 12545 MW; EDFDE8EAE6217B51 CRC64;
MAPPSVPLVL LLVLLLSLAE TPASAPAHRG RGGWTLNSAG YLLGPVLHLP QMGDQDGKRE
TALEILDLWK AIDGLPYSHP PQPSKRNVME TFAKPEIGDL GMLSMKIPKE EDVLKS
