GAT21_ARATH
ID GAT21_ARATH Reviewed; 398 AA.
AC Q5HZ36; Q8VZC1; Q9LV39;
DT 10-MAY-2005, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 10-MAY-2005, sequence version 2.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 122.
DE RecName: Full=GATA transcription factor 21 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:15084732};
DE AltName: Full=Protein GATA, NITRATE-INDUCIBLE, CARBON-METABOLISM INVOLVED {ECO:0000303|PubMed:20844019};
DE Short=AtGNC {ECO:0000303|PubMed:25077795};
GN Name=GATA21 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:15084732};
GN Synonyms=GNC {ECO:0000303|PubMed:20844019};
GN OrderedLocusNames=At5g56860 {ECO:0000312|Araport:AT5G56860};
GN ORFNames=MPI10.2 {ECO:0000312|EMBL:BAA97205.1};
OS Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis.
OX NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=10718197; DOI=10.1093/dnares/7.1.31;
RA Sato S., Nakamura Y., Kaneko T., Katoh T., Asamizu E., Kotani H.,
RA Tabata S.;
RT "Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. X. Sequence
RT features of the regions of 3,076,755 bp covered by sixty P1 and TAC
RT clones.";
RL DNA Res. 7:31-63(2000).
RN [2]
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=27862469; DOI=10.1111/tpj.13415;
RA Cheng C.Y., Krishnakumar V., Chan A.P., Thibaud-Nissen F., Schobel S.,
RA Town C.D.;
RT "Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference
RT genome.";
RL Plant J. 89:789-804(2017).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=14593172; DOI=10.1126/science.1088305;
RA Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M.,
RA Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G.,
RA Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G., Miranda M., Quach H.L.,
RA Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C.,
RA Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J.,
RA Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A.,
RA Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C.,
RA Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X.,
RA Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M.,
RA Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K.,
RA Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A.,
RA Ecker J.R.;
RT "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis
RT genome.";
RL Science 302:842-846(2003).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RA Kim C.J., Chen H., Cheuk R.F., Shinn P., Ecker J.R.;
RT "Arabidopsis ORF clones.";
RL Submitted (JAN-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [5]
RP GENE FAMILY ORGANIZATION.
RX PubMed=15084732; DOI=10.1104/pp.103.037788;
RA Reyes J.C., Muro-Pastor M.I., Florencio F.J.;
RT "The GATA family of transcription factors in Arabidopsis and rice.";
RL Plant Physiol. 134:1718-1732(2004).
RN [6]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, REGULATION BY AP3/PI, TISSUE SPECIFICITY,
RP AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX PubMed=18417639; DOI=10.1104/pp.107.115634;
RA Mara C.D., Irish V.F.;
RT "Two GATA transcription factors are downstream effectors of floral homeotic
RT gene action in Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Physiol. 147:707-718(2008).
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, INDUCTION BY GIBBERELLIC ACID AND COLD SEED
RP IMBIBITION, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX PubMed=20844019; DOI=10.1101/gad.594910;
RA Richter R., Behringer C., Mueller I.K., Schwechheimer C.;
RT "The GATA-type transcription factors GNC and GNL/CGA1 repress gibberellin
RT signaling downstream from DELLA proteins and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING
RT FACTORS.";
RL Genes Dev. 24:2093-2104(2010).
RN [8]
RP INTERACTION WITH SNL1.
RX PubMed=19962994; DOI=10.1016/j.jmb.2009.11.065;
RA Bowen A.J., Gonzalez D., Mullins J.G., Bhatt A.M., Martinez A.,
RA Conlan R.S.;
RT "PAH-domain-specific interactions of the Arabidopsis transcription
RT coregulator SIN3-LIKE1 (SNL1) with telomere-binding protein 1 and ALWAYS
RT EARLY2 Myb-DNA binding factors.";
RL J. Mol. Biol. 395:937-949(2010).
RN [9]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=22102866; DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0026765;
RA Hudson D., Guevara D., Yaish M.W., Hannam C., Long N., Clarke J.D.,
RA Bi Y.-M., Rothstein S.J.;
RT "GNC and CGA1 modulate chlorophyll biosynthesis and glutamate synthase
RT (GLU1/Fd-GOGAT) expression in Arabidopsis.";
RL PLoS ONE 6:E26765-E26765(2011).
RN [10]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE,
RP INDUCTION BY CYTOKININ, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RX PubMed=22811435; DOI=10.1104/pp.112.198705;
RA Chiang Y.-H., Zubo Y.O., Tapken W., Kim H.J., Lavanway A.M., Howard L.,
RA Pilon M., Kieber J.J., Schaller G.E.;
RT "Functional characterization of the GATA transcription factors GNC and CGA1
RT reveals their key role in chloroplast development, growth, and division in
RT Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Physiol. 160:332-348(2012).
RN [11]
RP REPRESSION BY HAN, INTERACTION WITH GATA18, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX PubMed=23335616; DOI=10.1105/tpc.112.107854;
RA Zhang X., Zhou Y., Ding L., Wu Z., Liu R., Meyerowitz E.M.;
RT "Transcription repressor HANABA TARANU controls flower development by
RT integrating the actions of multiple hormones, floral organ specification
RT genes, and GATA3 family genes in Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Cell 25:83-101(2013).
RN [12]
RP FUNCTION, AND REGULATION BY SOC1.
RX PubMed=23739688; DOI=10.1104/pp.113.219238;
RA Richter R., Bastakis E., Schwechheimer C.;
RT "Cross-repressive interactions between SOC1 and the GATAs GNC and GNL/CGA1
RT in the control of greening, cold tolerance, and flowering time in
RT Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Physiol. 162:1992-2004(2013).
RN [13]
RP FUNCTION, REGULATION BY AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS, AND REPRESSION BY AUXIN.
RX PubMed=23878229; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1304250110;
RA Richter R., Behringer C., Zourelidou M., Schwechheimer C.;
RT "Convergence of auxin and gibberellin signaling on the regulation of the
RT GATA transcription factors GNC and GNL in Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110:13192-13197(2013).
RN [14]
RP FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF 387-LEU--MET-389, GENE FAMILY, AND REVIEW.
RX PubMed=25077795; DOI=10.1104/pp.114.246660;
RA Behringer C., Bastakis E., Ranftl Q.L., Mayer K.F., Schwechheimer C.;
RT "Functional diversification within the family of B-GATA transcription
RT factors through the leucine-leucine-methionine domain.";
RL Plant Physiol. 166:293-305(2014).
RN [15]
RP GENE FAMILY, AND REVIEW.
RX PubMed=25755661; DOI=10.3389/fpls.2015.00090;
RA Behringer C., Schwechheimer C.;
RT "B-GATA transcription factors - insights into their structure, regulation,
RT and role in plant development.";
RL Front. Plant Sci. 6:90-90(2015).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3'
CC or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters (PubMed:22102866,
CC PubMed:25077795). Involved in the modulation of chloroplast
CC development, growth and division in a cytokinin-dependent manner
CC (PubMed:22102866, PubMed:22811435). Repressor of the gibberellic acid
CC (GA) signaling pathway that represses flowering and modulates greening,
CC in a SOC1-dependent manner (PubMed:20844019, PubMed:23739688,
CC PubMed:25077795). Prevents the accumulation of SOC1 during flowering
CC (PubMed:23739688). Promotes chlorophyll biosynthesis throughout the
CC plant, by regulating chlorophyll biosynthetic genes (e.g. HEMA1 and
CC GUN4) and chloroplast localized glutamate synthase (e.g. GLU1)
CC (PubMed:18417639, PubMed:20844019, PubMed:22102866, PubMed:23878229,
CC PubMed:25077795). Involved in the regulation of sugar-sensing genes
CC (e.g. HXK1, HXK2, STP13 and PLT6) (PubMed:18417639). Regulator of
CC germination, senescence, elongation growth and flowering time
CC (PubMed:20844019, PubMed:22102866, PubMed:23878229). Influences also
CC leaf starch content (PubMed:22102866). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18417639,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:20844019, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22102866,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:22811435, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23739688,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:23878229, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25077795}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with SNL1 (PubMed:19962994). Forms heterodimers with
CC GATA18 (PubMed:23335616). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19962994,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:23335616}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00094,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:22811435}.
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;
CC Name=1;
CC IsoId=Q5HZ36-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC Name=2;
CC IsoId=Q5HZ36-2; Sequence=VSP_013708;
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed predominantly in leaves, and barely in
CC stems, flowers and siliques. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18417639,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:22811435}.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: First observed in the inflorescence meristem (IM)
CC and young flower buds (PubMed:23335616). Detected throughout the floral
CC bud. In young flowers, restricted to the inner whorls, specifically the
CC petals, stamens, and carpels (PubMed:18417639, PubMed:23335616). In
CC older flowers, present in the petals, stamen filaments and carpels,
CC with weaker expression in the anthers of the stamens (PubMed:18417639).
CC Observed in anther locules, vascular strands, and ovules
CC (PubMed:23335616). During imbibition, expressed in the endosperm,
CC especially at the time of testa rupture. Later restricted to the
CC embryonic root (PubMed:20844019). In mature embryos, observed in the
CC cotyledons and hypocotyl. In young seedlings, mostly expressed in shoot
CC tissues, including the tip, circumference, and vasculature of the
CC cotyledons, the emerging leaves, the meristematic region, and the basal
CC part of the hypocotyl, and, at low levels, in the primary roots. In
CC older seedlings, accumulates in the green shoot tissues
CC (PubMed:22811435). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18417639,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:20844019, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22811435,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:23335616}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: Activated by gibberellic acid (GA) (PubMed:20844019).
CC Negatively regulated by AP3/PI (PubMed:18417639). Strong accumulation
CC during cold imbibition of nondormant seeds, but not at warm
CC temperatures. Regulated by PIF transcription factors (PubMed:20844019).
CC Induced by cytokinin (e.g. benzyladenine) (PubMed:22811435). Repressed
CC by HAN (PubMed:23335616). Inhibited by SOC1 (PubMed:23739688). Down-
CC regulated by auxin (2,4D) and auxin response factors (e.g. ARF2 and
CC ARF7) (PubMed:23878229). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18417639,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:20844019, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22811435,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:23335616, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23739688,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:23878229}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Pale green leaves and reduced chlorophyll levels
CC associated with altered regulation of sugar-sensing genes (e.g. HXK1,
CC HXK2, STP13 and PLT6) (PubMed:18417639, PubMed:22102866,
CC PubMed:22811435). Reduced chloroplast size (PubMed:22811435). Faster
CC seed germination. Early flowering. Increased leaves size
CC (PubMed:20844019, PubMed:22102866). Reduced gibberellic acid (GA)
CC levels due to increased GA turnover and associated with reduced
CC expression of GA-anabolizing enzymes (e.g. GA3OX1) but increased
CC expression of GA-catabolizing enzymes (e.g. GA2OX2) (PubMed:20844019).
CC Small seeds with deformed seed coats (PubMed:22102866). The double
CC mutant gnc cga1, lacking both GATA22 and GATA21, exhibits reduced
CC sensitivity to cytokinin (e.g. benzyladenine) toward chloroplasts
CC growth (PubMed:22811435). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18417639,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:20844019, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22102866,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:22811435}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: [Isoform 2]: May be due to a competing acceptor splice
CC site. {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type IV zinc-finger family. Class B
CC subfamily. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; AB020747; BAA97205.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CP002688; AED96815.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY065074; AAL38250.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BT020488; AAW38989.1; -; mRNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_200497.1; NM_125069.3. [Q5HZ36-1]
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q5HZ36; -.
DR SMR; Q5HZ36; -.
DR BioGRID; 21032; 9.
DR IntAct; Q5HZ36; 9.
DR STRING; 3702.AT5G56860.1; -.
DR PaxDb; Q5HZ36; -.
DR PRIDE; Q5HZ36; -.
DR ProteomicsDB; 247390; -. [Q5HZ36-1]
DR EnsemblPlants; AT5G56860.1; AT5G56860.1; AT5G56860. [Q5HZ36-1]
DR GeneID; 835788; -.
DR Gramene; AT5G56860.1; AT5G56860.1; AT5G56860. [Q5HZ36-1]
DR KEGG; ath:AT5G56860; -.
DR Araport; AT5G56860; -.
DR TAIR; locus:2170277; AT5G56860.
DR eggNOG; KOG1601; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_060197_0_1_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q5HZ36; -.
DR OMA; ALENSDC; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q5HZ36; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q5HZ36; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000006548; Chromosome 5.
DR ExpressionAtlas; Q5HZ36; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; Q5HZ36; AT.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0003700; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity; ISS:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0000976; F:transcription cis-regulatory region binding; IDA:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0008270; F:zinc ion binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0010151; P:chloroplast elongation; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0009658; P:chloroplast organization; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0007623; P:circadian rhythm; IEP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0009736; P:cytokinin-activated signaling pathway; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0009740; P:gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway; IEP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0010255; P:glucose mediated signaling pathway; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0009910; P:negative regulation of flower development; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0009938; P:negative regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0010187; P:negative regulation of seed germination; IEP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0090693; P:plant organ senescence; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:1902326; P:positive regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0043610; P:regulation of carbohydrate utilization; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0010380; P:regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0010468; P:regulation of gene expression; IDA:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0051171; P:regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:2000028; P:regulation of photoperiodism, flowering; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0080050; P:regulation of seed development; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0010029; P:regulation of seed germination; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0006355; P:regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0009733; P:response to auxin; IEP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0009735; P:response to cytokinin; IEP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0009739; P:response to gibberellin; IEP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0009416; P:response to light stimulus; IEP:TAIR.
DR CDD; cd00202; ZnF_GATA; 1.
DR Gene3D; 3.30.50.10; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR000679; Znf_GATA.
DR InterPro; IPR013088; Znf_NHR/GATA.
DR Pfam; PF00320; GATA; 1.
DR SMART; SM00401; ZnF_GATA; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00344; GATA_ZN_FINGER_1; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50114; GATA_ZN_FINGER_2; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Alternative splicing; Cytokinin signaling pathway; DNA-binding;
KW Gibberellin signaling pathway; Metal-binding; Nucleus; Reference proteome;
KW Transcription; Transcription regulation; Zinc; Zinc-finger.
FT CHAIN 1..398
FT /note="GATA transcription factor 21"
FT /id="PRO_0000083453"
FT ZN_FING 226..280
FT /note="GATA-type"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00094"
FT REGION 20..51
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 122..144
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 289..353
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT MOTIF 109..116
FT /note="Nuclear localization signal"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00768"
FT COMPBIAS 318..337
FT /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 339..353
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT VAR_SEQ 91..250
FT /note="Missing (in isoform 2)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|Ref.4"
FT /id="VSP_013708"
FT MUTAGEN 387..389
FT /note="LLM->AAA: Increased inhibition of germination by
FT paclobutrazol (PAC), a gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis
FT inhibitor. Slight reduction of hypocotyl elongation, with
FT rounder leaves and shortened petioles."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:25077795"
FT CONFLICT 294
FT /note="K -> N (in Ref. 3; AAL38250)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ SEQUENCE 398 AA; 44840 MW; 4554F918C6129877 CRC64;
MDSNFHYSID LNEDQNHHEQ PFFYPLGSSS SLHHHHHHHH HQVPSNSSSS SSSISSLSSY
LPFLINSQED QHVAYNNTYH ADHLHLSQPL KAKMFVANGG SSACDHMVPK KETRLKLTIR
KKDHEDQPHP LHQNPTKPDS DSDKWLMSPK MRLIKKTITN NKQLIDQTNN NNHKESDHYP
LNHKTNFDED HHEDLNFKNV LTRKTTAATT ENRYNTINEN GYSNNNGVIR VCSDCNTTKT
PLWRSGPRGP KSLCNACGIR QRKARRAAMA AAAAAGDQEV AVAPRVQQLP LKKKLQNKKK
RSNGGEKYNH SPPMVAKAKK CKIKEEEEKE MEAETVAGDS EISKSTTSSN SSISSNKFCF
DDLTIMLSKS SAYQQVFPQD EKEAAVLLMA LSYGMVHG
