ALLT_MANSE
ID ALLT_MANSE Reviewed; 204 AA.
AC P21786;
DT 01-MAY-1991, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 15-DEC-1998, sequence version 2.
DT 25-MAY-2022, entry version 66.
DE RecName: Full=Allatotropin;
DE Short=AT;
DE Flags: Precursor;
OS Manduca sexta (Tobacco hawkmoth) (Tobacco hornworm).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC Neoptera; Endopterygota; Lepidoptera; Glossata; Ditrysia; Bombycoidea;
OC Sphingidae; Sphinginae; Sphingini; Manduca.
OX NCBI_TaxID=7130;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1; 2 AND 3), TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND
RP DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX PubMed=8774701; DOI=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0588u.x;
RA Taylor P.A. III, Bhatt T.R., Horodyski F.M.;
RT "Molecular characterization and expression analysis of Manduca sexta
RT allatotropin.";
RL Eur. J. Biochem. 239:588-596(1996).
RN [2]
RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 37-49, AMIDATION AT PHE-49, FUNCTION, AND TISSUE
RP SPECIFICITY.
RC TISSUE=Corpora cardiaca;
RX PubMed=17839751; DOI=10.1126/science.243.4897.1481;
RA Kataoka H., Toschi A., Li J.P., Carney R.L., Schooley D.A., Kramer S.J.;
RT "Identification of an allatotropin from adult Manduca Sexta.";
RL Science 243:1481-1483(1989).
RN [3]
RP FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX PubMed=7964382; DOI=10.1242/jeb.188.1.347;
RA Veenstra J.A., Lehman H.K., Davis N.T.;
RT "Allatotropin is a cardioacceleratory peptide in Manduca sexta.";
RL J. Exp. Biol. 188:347-354(1994).
RN [4]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=9787126; DOI=10.1242/jeb.201.22.3067;
RA Lee K.Y., Horodyski F.M., Chamberlin M.E.;
RT "Inhibition of midgut ion transport by allatotropin (Mas-AT) and Manduca
RT FLRFamides in the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta.";
RL J. Exp. Biol. 201:3067-3074(1998).
RN [5]
RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX PubMed=9886039;
RX DOI=10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990118)403:3<407::aid-cne9>3.0.co;2-y;
RA Bhatt T.R., Horodyski F.M.;
RT "Expression of the Manduca sexta allatotropin gene in cells of the central
RT and enteric nervous systems.";
RL J. Comp. Neurol. 403:407-420(1999).
RN [6]
RP ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=11179820; DOI=10.1016/s0196-9781(00)00378-8;
RA Horodyski F.M., Bhatt S.R., Lee K.Y.;
RT "Alternative splicing of transcripts expressed by the Manduca sexta
RT allatotropin (Mas-AT) gene is regulated in a tissue-specific manner.";
RL Peptides 22:263-269(2001).
RN [7]
RP INDUCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX PubMed=11897384; DOI=10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00659-3;
RA Lee K.Y., Horodyski F.M.;
RT "Restriction of nutrient intake results in the increase of a specific
RT Manduca sexta allatotropin (Manse-AT) mRNA in the larval nerve cord.";
RL Peptides 23:653-661(2002).
RN [8]
RP INDUCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX PubMed=16488512; DOI=10.1016/j.peptides.2005.08.024;
RA Lee K.Y., Horodyski F.M.;
RT "Effects of starvation and mating on corpora allata activity and
RT allatotropin (Manse-AT) gene expression in Manduca sexta.";
RL Peptides 27:567-574(2006).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Neuropeptide stimulator of juvenile hormone synthesis.
CC Cardioregulatory neurohormone that increases heart beat rate in the
CC adult but not in the larva. Inhibits active ion transport in the midgut
CC of feeding fourth instar and day 2 fifth instar larva, but not in the
CC midgut of pharate or wandering fifth instar larva.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17839751, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7964382,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9787126}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=3;
CC Comment=Additional isoforms seem to exist.;
CC Name=1; Synonyms=3;
CC IsoId=P21786-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC Name=2; Synonyms=P408-5;
CC IsoId=P21786-2; Sequence=VSP_004112;
CC Name=3; Synonyms=PF6-1, 1;
CC IsoId=P21786-3; Sequence=VSP_004113, VSP_004114;
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed extensively in the brain, frontal
CC ganglion and terminal ganglion of the day 2 fifth instar larva (at
CC protein level). Not expressed in the larval brain after day 4 of the
CC fifth instar, or in the brain of the pupa or adult. Expression in the
CC terminal ganglion is localized to cells in the posterior portion of the
CC seventh neuromere of day 2 fifth instar larvae. In the pupa and adult
CC expression is detected in the medial region of neuromere 6, the dorsal
CC medial region of neuromere 7, and the posterior neuromere of the
CC terminal ganglion (at protein level). In the frontal ganglion
CC expression decreases in the wandering larvae and is present at low
CC levels in during pupal ecdysis, but is not detected in the adult.
CC Expressed in the subesophageal ganglion of day 2 fifth instar larva,
CC but not at any time before or after day 2. Not expressed in the
CC abdominal ganglia 1-6 of the day 2 fifth instar larva (at protein
CC level). Expressed in the anterior neuromeres of the pterothoracic
CC ganglion in pupa but not in adult (at protein level). Expressed in the
CC unfused abdominal ganglia of day 10 pupae, and in pharate adult is
CC expressed in median neurosecretory cells M1, M2 and M5, but not in
CC median neurosecretory cells M3 and M4 (at protein level). Not expressed
CC in the differentiated median neurosecretory cells M5 of the larva (at
CC protein level). In the pharate adult brain isoform 3 is the predominant
CC form, with lower levels of isoform 2 and very low levels of isoform 1
CC detected. In the pharate adult nerve cord isoform 3 is the predominant
CC form, with lower levels of isoform 2 and no isoform 1 detected. In the
CC pharate adult frontal ganglion isoform 3 is expressed, but not isoform
CC 1 and isoform 2. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11179820,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:11897384, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16488512,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:17839751, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7964382,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8774701, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9886039}.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Detected in the day 2 fifth-instar larva,
CC wandering larva, pupa and adult. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11897384,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:16488512, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7964382,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8774701, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9886039}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: In the 5th instar larva isoform 1 is induced in the nerve
CC cord by starvation, ingestion of the ecdysteroid agonist RH-5992 or
CC parasitization with C.congregata. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11897384,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:16488512}.
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DR EMBL; U62100; AAB08757.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; U62101; AAB08758.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; U62102; AAB08759.1; -; mRNA.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P21786; -.
DR SMR; P21786; -.
DR PRIDE; P21786; -.
DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005184; F:neuropeptide hormone activity; TAS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0006811; P:ion transport; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0043271; P:negative regulation of ion transport; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0007218; P:neuropeptide signaling pathway; TAS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0045969; P:positive regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process; TAS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0002027; P:regulation of heart rate; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR InterPro; IPR018247; EF_Hand_1_Ca_BS.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Alternative splicing; Amidation; Cleavage on pair of basic residues;
KW Direct protein sequencing; Hormone; Ion transport; Neuropeptide; Secreted;
KW Signal; Transport.
FT SIGNAL 1..20
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT PROPEP 21..35
FT /id="PRO_0000020685"
FT PEPTIDE 37..49
FT /note="Allatotropin"
FT /id="PRO_0000020686"
FT PROPEP 53..204
FT /id="PRO_0000020687"
FT REGION 47..83
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 47..68
FT /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT MOD_RES 49
FT /note="Phenylalanine amide"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:17839751"
FT VAR_SEQ 61..133
FT /note="RDVDHQAPSARPNRGTPTFKSPTVGIARDFGKRASQYGNEEEIRVTRGTFKP
FT NSNILIARGYGKRTQLPQIDG -> LTTSPRPWFNPKSKLLVSTRFGKRSGNEENYNEV
FT (in isoform 2)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:8774701"
FT /id="VSP_004112"
FT VAR_SEQ 61
FT /note="R -> L (in isoform 3)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:8774701"
FT /id="VSP_004113"
FT VAR_SEQ 62..134
FT /note="Missing (in isoform 3)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:8774701"
FT /id="VSP_004114"
SQ SEQUENCE 204 AA; 23269 MW; ABCC6632F7C7BA0F CRC64;
MNLTMQLAVI VAVCLCLAEG APDVRLTRTK QQRPTRGFKN VEMMTARGFG KRDRPHPRAE
RDVDHQAPSA RPNRGTPTFK SPTVGIARDF GKRASQYGNE EEIRVTRGTF KPNSNILIAR
GYGKRTQLPQ IDGVYGLDNF WEMLETSPER EVQEVDEKTL ESIPLDWFVN EMLNNPDFAR
SVVRKFIDLN QDGMLSSEEL LRNF
