ID   GLHA_AOTNA              Reviewed;         120 AA.
AC   Q3HRV5;
DT   02-MAY-2006, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   08-NOV-2005, sequence version 1.
DT   25-MAY-2022, entry version 52.
DE   RecName: Full=Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain;
DE   AltName: Full=Anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones common subunit alpha;
DE   AltName: Full=Choriogonadotropin alpha chain;
DE   AltName: Full=Chorionic gonadotrophin subunit alpha;
DE            Short=CG-alpha;
DE   AltName: Full=Follicle-stimulating hormone alpha chain;
DE            Short=FSH-alpha;
DE   AltName: Full=Follitropin alpha chain;
DE   AltName: Full=Luteinizing hormone alpha chain;
DE            Short=LSH-alpha;
DE   AltName: Full=Lutropin alpha chain;
DE   AltName: Full=Thyroid-stimulating hormone alpha chain;
DE            Short=TSH-alpha;
DE   AltName: Full=Thyrotropin alpha chain;
DE   Flags: Precursor;
GN   Name=CGA;
OS   Aotus nancymaae (Ma's night monkey).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Platyrrhini; Aotidae;
OC   Aotus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=37293;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RX   PubMed=17897645; DOI=10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.08.004;
RA   Scammell J.G., Funkhouser J.D., Moyer F.S., Gibson S.V., Willis D.L.;
RT   "Molecular cloning of pituitary glycoprotein alpha-subunit and follicle
RT   stimulating hormone and chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunits from New World
RT   squirrel monkey and owl monkey.";
RL   Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 155:534-541(2008).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Shared alpha chain of the active heterodimeric glycoprotein
CC       hormones thyrotropin/thyroid stimulating hormone/TSH,
CC       lutropin/luteinizing hormone/LH, follitropin/follicle stimulating
CC       hormone/FSH and choriogonadotropin/CG. These hormones bind specific
CC       receptors on target cells that in turn activate downstream signaling
CC       pathways. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Heterodimer. The active hormones thyrotropin, lutropin,
CC       follitropin and choriogonadotropin are heterodimers composed of CGA, a
CC       common alpha chain described here and a unique beta chain which confers
CC       their biological specificity to the hormones: TSHB for thyrotropin, LHB
CC       for lutropin, FSHB for follitropin and choriogonadotropin subunit
CC       beta/CGB for choriogonadotropin. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit alpha family.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; DQ200806; ABA54985.1; -; mRNA.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001295453.1; NM_001308524.1.
DR   RefSeq; XP_012299700.1; XM_012444277.1.
DR   RefSeq; XP_012299701.1; XM_012444278.1.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q3HRV5; -.
DR   SMR; Q3HRV5; -.
DR   STRING; 37293.ENSANAP00000015108; -.
DR   Ensembl; ENSANAT00000032945; ENSANAP00000015108; ENSANAG00000025451.
DR   GeneID; 105711484; -.
DR   CTD; 1081; -.
DR   GeneTree; ENSGT00390000012242; -.
DR   OMA; ATVMGNT; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 1430707at2759; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000233020; Unplaced.
DR   GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0016914; C:follicle-stimulating hormone complex; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0016913; F:follicle-stimulating hormone activity; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0007186; P:G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0010893; P:positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0010469; P:regulation of signaling receptor activity; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   Gene3D; 2.10.90.10; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR029034; Cystine-knot_cytokine.
DR   InterPro; IPR000476; Glyco_hormone.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR11509; PTHR11509; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00236; Hormone_6; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00274; GLYCOHORMONE.
DR   SMART; SM00067; GHA; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF57501; SSF57501; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00779; GLYCO_HORMONE_ALPHA_1; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00780; GLYCO_HORMONE_ALPHA_2; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS50277; GLYCO_HORMONE_ALPHA_3; 1.
PE   2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW   Disulfide bond; Glycoprotein; Hormone; Reference proteome; Secreted;
KW   Signal.
FT   SIGNAL          1..24
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   CHAIN           25..120
FT                   /note="Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000233100"
FT   CARBOHYD        80
FT                   /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215"
FT   CARBOHYD        106
FT                   /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215"
FT   DISULFID        35..59
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215"
FT   DISULFID        38..88
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215"
FT   DISULFID        56..110
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215"
FT   DISULFID        60..112
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215"
FT   DISULFID        87..115
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215"
SQ   SEQUENCE   120 AA;  13441 MW;  C71F53996DE68E69 CRC64;
     MDSYRKYAAV ILVTLLVFLH SLHSVPDGDF TAQECPECKL KENKYFSKLG APVYQCAGCC
     FSRAYPTPVR SQKTMSVPKN VTSESSCCVA KTYTKATVMG NIKVENHTEC HCSTCYHHKF