GLHA_PIG
ID GLHA_PIG Reviewed; 120 AA.
AC P01219;
DT 21-JUL-1986, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-FEB-1991, sequence version 2.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 134.
DE RecName: Full=Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain;
DE AltName: Full=Anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones common subunit alpha;
DE AltName: Full=Follicle-stimulating hormone alpha chain;
DE Short=FSH-alpha;
DE AltName: Full=Follitropin alpha chain;
DE AltName: Full=Luteinizing hormone alpha chain;
DE Short=LSH-alpha;
DE AltName: Full=Lutropin alpha chain;
DE AltName: Full=Thyroid-stimulating hormone alpha chain;
DE Short=TSH-alpha;
DE AltName: Full=Thyrotropin alpha chain;
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=CGA;
OS Sus scrofa (Pig).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Artiodactyla; Suina; Suidae; Sus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9823;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX PubMed=2473932; DOI=10.1016/0303-7207(89)90097-x;
RA Hirai T., Takikawa H., Kato Y.;
RT "Molecular cloning of cDNAs for precursors of porcine pituitary
RT glycoprotein hormone common alpha-subunit and of thyroid stimulating
RT hormone beta-subunit.";
RL Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 63:209-217(1989).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RA Kato Y., Ezashi T., Hirai T., Kato T.;
RL Submitted (MAR-1992) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [3]
RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 31-120.
RX PubMed=4770796; DOI=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb03122.x;
RA Maghuin-Rogister G., Combarnous Y., Hennen G.;
RT "The primary structure of the porcine luteinizing-hormone alpha-subunit.";
RL Eur. J. Biochem. 39:255-263(1973).
RN [4]
RP PRELIMINARY PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 25-120.
RA Closset J., Maghuin-Rogister G., Hennen G.;
RL Endocrinol. Exp. 8:164-164(1974).
RN [5]
RP PRELIMINARY ASSIGNMENT OF DISULFIDE BONDS.
RX PubMed=4448287; DOI=10.1042/bst0020915;
RA Combarnous Y., Hennen G.;
RT "The disulphide bridges of porcine luteinizing hormone alpha subunit.";
RL Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2:915-917(1974).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Shared alpha chain of the active heterodimeric glycoprotein
CC hormones thyrotropin/thyroid stimulating hormone/TSH,
CC lutropin/luteinizing hormone/LH and follitropin/follicle stimulating
CC hormone/FSH. These hormones bind specific receptors on target cells
CC that in turn activate downstream signaling pathways.
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Heterodimer. The active hormones thyrotropin, lutropin and
CC follitropin are heterodimers composed of CGA, a common alpha chain
CC described here and a unique beta chain which confers their biological
CC specificity to the hormones: TSHB for thyrotropin, LHB for lutropin and
CC FSHB for follitropin. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit alpha family.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; D00768; BAA00664.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR PIR; A30339; UTPGA.
DR RefSeq; NP_999611.1; NM_214446.1.
DR RefSeq; XP_005659334.1; XM_005659277.2.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P01219; -.
DR SMR; P01219; -.
DR STRING; 9823.ENSSSCP00000023820; -.
DR iPTMnet; P01219; -.
DR PaxDb; P01219; -.
DR PRIDE; P01219; -.
DR Ensembl; ENSSSCT00000031283; ENSSSCP00000023820; ENSSSCG00000025434.
DR Ensembl; ENSSSCT00005010798; ENSSSCP00005006310; ENSSSCG00005007168.
DR Ensembl; ENSSSCT00015055113; ENSSSCP00015022109; ENSSSCG00015041310.
DR Ensembl; ENSSSCT00025082222; ENSSSCP00025035691; ENSSSCG00025059995.
DR Ensembl; ENSSSCT00030090805; ENSSSCP00030041810; ENSSSCG00030064936.
DR Ensembl; ENSSSCT00035041380; ENSSSCP00035016532; ENSSSCG00035031257.
DR Ensembl; ENSSSCT00040099911; ENSSSCP00040044850; ENSSSCG00040072517.
DR Ensembl; ENSSSCT00045064433; ENSSSCP00045045521; ENSSSCG00045037340.
DR Ensembl; ENSSSCT00050098066; ENSSSCP00050042324; ENSSSCG00050071865.
DR Ensembl; ENSSSCT00055005486; ENSSSCP00055004251; ENSSSCG00055002866.
DR Ensembl; ENSSSCT00060047860; ENSSSCP00060020496; ENSSSCG00060035313.
DR Ensembl; ENSSSCT00065000539; ENSSSCP00065000099; ENSSSCG00065000479.
DR Ensembl; ENSSSCT00070049394; ENSSSCP00070041721; ENSSSCG00070024729.
DR GeneID; 406869; -.
DR KEGG; ssc:406869; -.
DR CTD; 1081; -.
DR VGNC; VGNC:86613; CGA.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502S1PK; Eukaryota.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00390000012242; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_148106_0_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; P01219; -.
DR OMA; ATVMGNT; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1430707at2759; -.
DR TreeFam; TF332733; -.
DR Reactome; R-SSC-193048; Androgen biosynthesis.
DR Reactome; R-SSC-193993; Mineralocorticoid biosynthesis.
DR Reactome; R-SSC-209822; Glycoprotein hormones.
DR Reactome; R-SSC-209968; Thyroxine biosynthesis.
DR Reactome; R-SSC-375281; Hormone ligand-binding receptors.
DR Reactome; R-SSC-418555; G alpha (s) signalling events.
DR Reactome; R-SSC-8866910; TFAP2 (AP-2) family regulates transcription of growth factors and their receptors.
DR Reactome; R-SSC-975578; Reactions specific to the complex N-glycan synthesis pathway.
DR Proteomes; UP000008227; Chromosome 1.
DR Proteomes; UP000314985; Chromosome 1.
DR Bgee; ENSSSCG00000025434; Expressed in pituitary gland and 27 other tissues.
DR ExpressionAtlas; P01219; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; P01219; SS.
DR GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0016914; C:follicle-stimulating hormone complex; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0016913; F:follicle-stimulating hormone activity; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0007186; P:G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0010893; P:positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0010469; P:regulation of signaling receptor activity; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0006590; P:thyroid hormone generation; IBA:GO_Central.
DR Gene3D; 2.10.90.10; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR029034; Cystine-knot_cytokine.
DR InterPro; IPR000476; Glyco_hormone.
DR PANTHER; PTHR11509; PTHR11509; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00236; Hormone_6; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR00274; GLYCOHORMONE.
DR SMART; SM00067; GHA; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF57501; SSF57501; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00779; GLYCO_HORMONE_ALPHA_1; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00780; GLYCO_HORMONE_ALPHA_2; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50277; GLYCO_HORMONE_ALPHA_3; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Direct protein sequencing; Disulfide bond; Glycoprotein; Hormone;
KW Reference proteome; Secreted; Signal.
FT SIGNAL 1..24
FT CHAIN 25..120
FT /note="Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain"
FT /id="PRO_0000011649"
FT CARBOHYD 80
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:4770796"
FT CARBOHYD 106
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:4770796"
FT DISULFID 35..59
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215"
FT DISULFID 38..88
FT DISULFID 56..110
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215"
FT DISULFID 60..112
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215"
FT DISULFID 87..115
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01215"
SQ SEQUENCE 120 AA; 13532 MW; 1DCBB2A375F192E6 CRC64;
MDYYRKYAAV ILAILSVFLQ ILHSFPDGEF TMQGCPECKL KENKYFSKLG APIYQCMGCC
FSRAYPTPAR SKKTMLVPKN ITSEATCCVA KAFTKATVMG NARVENHTEC HCSTCYYHKS
