GLL1_CHICK
ID GLL1_CHICK Reviewed; 65 AA.
AC P46156; Q09MK1; Q0PWH4; Q6B9W7; Q6GXJ4;
DT 01-NOV-1995, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 15-DEC-1998, sequence version 2.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 96.
DE RecName: Full=Gallinacin-1;
DE Short=Gal-1;
DE AltName: Full=Beta-defensin 1;
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=GAL1;
OS Gallus gallus (Chicken).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC Archelosauria; Archosauria; Dinosauria; Saurischia; Theropoda;
OC Coelurosauria; Aves; Neognathae; Galloanserae; Galliformes; Phasianidae;
OC Phasianinae; Gallus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9031;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC TISSUE=Bone marrow;
RX PubMed=9745666; DOI=10.1046/j.1365-2052.1998.00338.x;
RA Brockus C.W., Harmon B.G., Jackwood M.W.;
RT "Characterization of beta-defensin prepropeptide mRNA from chicken and
RT turkey bone marrow.";
RL Anim. Genet. 29:283-289(1998).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX PubMed=15310403; DOI=10.1186/1471-2164-5-56;
RA Xiao Y., Hughes A.L., Ando J., Matsuda Y., Cheng J.-F., Skinner-Noble D.,
RA Zhang G.;
RT "A genome-wide screen identifies a single beta-defensin gene cluster in the
RT chicken: implications for the origin and evolution of mammalian
RT defensins.";
RL BMC Genomics 5:56-56(2004).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RA Zhang H., Bi Y., Cao Y., Chen X.;
RT "Chicken defensin gene structure.";
RL Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC STRAIN=Guangxi Huang, Huiyang bearded, Qingyuan Ma, Taihe silkies, and
RC Xinghua;
RA Chen Y., Cao Y., Xie Q., Bi Y., Chen J.;
RT "Chicken beta-defensin in China chicken breeds.";
RL Submitted (JUL-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC TISSUE=Blood;
RA Wu J., Song M.X., Li Y.F.;
RT "The cDNA cloning and sequencing of chicken beta-defensin (Gal-1).";
RL Submitted (JUL-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [6]
RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 26-65, FUNCTION, AND CHARACTERIZATION.
RC STRAIN=Broiler; TISSUE=Leukocyte;
RX PubMed=8150085; DOI=10.1016/0014-5793(94)80517-2;
RA Harwig S.S.L., Swiderek K.M., Kokryakov V.N., Tan L., Lee T.D.,
RA Panyutich E.A., Aleshina G.M., Shamova O.V., Lehrer R.I.;
RT "Gallinacins: cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides of chicken leukocytes.";
RL FEBS Lett. 342:281-285(1994).
RN [7]
RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=15148642; DOI=10.1007/s00251-004-0675-0;
RA Lynn D.J., Higgs R., Gaines S., Tierney J., James T., Lloyd A.T.,
RA Fares M.A., Mulcahy G., O'Farrelly C.;
RT "Bioinformatic discovery and initial characterisation of nine novel
RT antimicrobial peptide genes in the chicken.";
RL Immunogenetics 56:170-177(2004).
RN [8]
RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, AND INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=16394622; DOI=10.1262/jrd.17070;
RA Yoshimura Y., Ohashi H., Subedi K., Nishibori M., Isobe N.;
RT "Effects of age, egg-laying activity, and Salmonella-inoculation on the
RT expressions of gallinacin mRNA in the vagina of the hen oviduct.";
RL J. Reprod. Dev. 52:211-218(2006).
RN [9]
RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, AND INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=17244739; DOI=10.1530/rep-06-0083;
RA Subedi K., Isobe N., Nishibori M., Yoshimura Y.;
RT "Changes in the expression of gallinacins, antimicrobial peptides, in
RT ovarian follicles during follicular growth and in response to
RT lipopolysaccharide in laying hens (Gallus domesticus).";
RL Reproduction 133:127-133(2007).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Has bactericidal activity. Potent activity against E.coli ML-
CC 35, L.monocytogenes EGD and C.albicans. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8150085}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Cytoplasmic granule.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Strong expression in the bone marrow, lung, testis.
CC Moderate expression in the bursa and intestine. Low expression in the
CC cloaca, gall bladder, brain and pancreas. Expressed in the vagina,
CC ovarian stroma and the theca and granulosa layers of the ovarian
CC follicle. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15148642, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16394622,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:17244739}.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Detected in the theca layer of the ovarian
CC follicle in the white follicle (WF) stage, but decreases throughout the
CC F1, F3, F5, and postovulatory follicle stages. Detected in the
CC granulosa layer of the ovarian follicle in the white follicle (WF)
CC stage, F1, F3, F5, and postovulatory follicle stages. In the vagina
CC expression is higher in laying hens than in non-laying hens, and is
CC higher in older laying hens than in young laying hens.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16394622, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17244739}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: Induced in the theca layer of the F3 stage ovarian follicle
CC by intravenous injection of LPS. Repressed in the granulosa layer of
CC the F3 stage ovarian follicle by intravenous injection of LPS.
CC Expression in cultured vaginal cells is increased by LPS and
CC S.enteritidis. Expression in the kidney and liver is not affected by
CC intravenous injection of LPS. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16394622,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:17244739}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the beta-defensin family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; AF033335; AAC36051.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AY621316; AAT48925.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY672653; AAT76974.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; DQ677632; ABG73366.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; DQ858338; ABI48254.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; DQ858324; ABI48240.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; DQ858311; ABI48227.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; DQ858298; ABI48214.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; DQ862462; ABI49682.1; -; mRNA.
DR PIR; S43283; S43283.
DR RefSeq; NP_990324.1; NM_204993.1.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P46156; -.
DR SMR; P46156; -.
DR STRING; 9031.ENSGALP00000035925; -.
DR Ensembl; ENSGALT00000036713; ENSGALP00000035925; ENSGALG00000022815.
DR GeneID; 395841; -.
DR KEGG; gga:395841; -.
DR CTD; 395841; -.
DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:geneid_395841; -.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00730000114755; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_189296_5_0_1; -.
DR OMA; YLCCKRI; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1635342at2759; -.
DR Reactome; R-GGA-1461957; Beta defensins.
DR Reactome; R-GGA-1461973; Defensins.
DR PRO; PR:P46156; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000000539; Chromosome 3.
DR Bgee; ENSGALG00000022815; Expressed in granulocyte and 7 other tissues.
DR ExpressionAtlas; P46156; baseline and differential.
DR GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0030141; C:secretory granule; TAS:AgBase.
DR GO; GO:0031731; F:CCR6 chemokine receptor binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0042056; F:chemoattractant activity; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0060326; P:cell chemotaxis; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0006952; P:defense response; TAS:AgBase.
DR GO; GO:0042742; P:defense response to bacterium; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0050832; P:defense response to fungus; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0031640; P:killing of cells of another organism; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR InterPro; IPR001855; Defensin_beta-typ.
DR Pfam; PF00711; Defensin_beta; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Antibiotic; Antimicrobial; Defensin; Direct protein sequencing;
KW Disulfide bond; Fungicide; Reference proteome; Secreted; Signal.
FT SIGNAL 1..19
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT PROPEP 20..25
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:8150085"
FT /id="PRO_0000007008"
FT PEPTIDE 26..65
FT /note="Gallinacin-1"
FT /id="PRO_0000007009"
FT DISULFID 31..59
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT DISULFID 38..53
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT DISULFID 43..60
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT CONFLICT 5
FT /note="Y -> C (in Ref. 5; ABI49682)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 8
FT /note="L -> I (in Ref. 3; AAT76974)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ SEQUENCE 65 AA; 7209 MW; 17665B795A22521F CRC64;
MRIVYLLLPF ILLLAQGAAG SSQALGRKSD CFRKSGFCAF LKCPSLTLIS GKCSRFYLCC
KRIWG
