GLOC_GLAL2
ID GLOC_GLAL2 Reviewed; 332 AA.
AC S3D9F9;
DT 20-JUN-2018, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 18-SEP-2013, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 34.
DE RecName: Full=2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase gloC {ECO:0000303|PubMed:25270390};
DE EC=1.14.-.- {ECO:0000305|PubMed:25527531};
DE AltName: Full=Leucine dioxygenase {ECO:0000303|PubMed:27705900};
DE AltName: Full=Pneumocandin biosynthesis cluster protein C {ECO:0000303|PubMed:25270390};
GN Name=gloC {ECO:0000303|PubMed:25270390};
GN Synonyms=GLOXY4 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:25879325}; ORFNames=GLAREA_10044;
OS Glarea lozoyensis (strain ATCC 20868 / MF5171).
OC Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Pezizomycotina; Leotiomycetes;
OC Helotiales; Helotiaceae; Glarea.
OX NCBI_TaxID=1116229;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], IDENTIFICATION, AND
RP FUNCTION.
RC STRAIN=ATCC 20868 / MF5171;
RX PubMed=23688303; DOI=10.1186/1471-2164-14-339;
RA Chen L., Yue Q., Zhang X., Xiang M., Wang C., Li S., Che Y.,
RA Ortiz-Lopez F.J., Bills G.F., Liu X., An Z.;
RT "Genomics-driven discovery of the pneumocandin biosynthetic gene cluster in
RT the fungus Glarea lozoyensis.";
RL BMC Genomics 14:339-339(2013).
RN [2]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=25270390; DOI=10.1002/cbic.201402175;
RA Houwaart S., Youssar L., Huettel W.;
RT "Pneumocandin biosynthesis: involvement of a trans-selective proline
RT hydroxylase.";
RL ChemBioChem 15:2365-2369(2014).
RN [3]
RP FUNCTION, PATHWAY, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX PubMed=25879325; DOI=10.1021/acschembio.5b00013;
RA Li Y., Chen L., Yue Q., Liu X., An Z., Bills G.F.;
RT "Genetic manipulation of the pneumocandin biosynthetic pathway for
RT generation of analogues and evaluation of their antifungal activity.";
RL ACS Chem. Biol. 10:1702-1710(2015).
RN [4]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, MUTAGENESIS OF THR-98 AND ALA-294, PATHWAY,
RP AND BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX PubMed=25527531; DOI=10.1128/aem.03256-14;
RA Chen L., Yue Q., Li Y., Niu X., Xiang M., Wang W., Bills G.F., Liu X.,
RA An Z.;
RT "Engineering of Glarea lozoyensis for exclusive production of the
RT pneumocandin B0 precursor of the antifungal drug caspofungin acetate.";
RL Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 81:1550-1558(2015).
RN [5]
RP FUNCTION, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX PubMed=27494047; DOI=10.1021/acschembio.6b00604;
RA Chen L., Li Y., Yue Q., Loksztejn A., Yokoyama K., Felix E.A., Liu X.,
RA Zhang N., An Z., Bills G.F.;
RT "Engineering of new pneumocandin side-chain analogues from Glarea
RT lozoyensis by mutasynthesis and evaluation of their antifungal activity.";
RL ACS Chem. Biol. 11:2724-2733(2016).
RN [6]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=29352089; DOI=10.1128/aem.02370-17;
RA Mattay J., Houwaart S., Huettel W.;
RT "Cryptic production of trans-3-hydroxyproline in echinocandin B
RT biosynthesis.";
RL Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 0:0-0(2018).
RN [7]
RP REVIEW.
RX PubMed=27705900; DOI=10.1515/znc-2016-0156;
RA Huettel W.;
RT "Structural diversity in echinocandin biosynthesis: the impact of oxidation
RT steps and approaches toward an evolutionary explanation.";
RL Z. Naturforsch. C 72:1-20(2017).
CC -!- FUNCTION: 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase; part of the gene
CC cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of pneumocandins,
CC lipohexapeptides of the echinocandin family that prevent fungal cell
CC wall formation by non-competitive inhibition of beta-1,3-glucan
CC synthase (PubMed:27705900). The 10,12-dimethylmyristoyl side chain is
CC synthesized by the reducing polyketide synthase gloL/GLPKS4
CC (PubMed:27494047). The thioesterase gloN/GLHYD exclusively interacts
CC with gloL/GLPKS4 to maintain turnover of the polyketide side chain
CC (PubMed:27494047). The 10R,12S-dimethylmyristic acid is then
CC transferred to the first thiolation domain of the nonribosomal peptide
CC synthetase gloA/GLNRPS4 by the acyl-AMP ligase gloD/GLligase, followed
CC by its acylation to L-ornithine to trigger elongation of the cyclic
CC hexapeptide (PubMed:27494047). L-ornithine, 4R-hydroxyl-L-proline
CC (generated from L-proline by the dioxygenase gloF/GLOXY2), 3S-hydroxyl-
CC L-homotyrosine (generated by gloG/GLHtyB, gloH/GLHtyA, gloI/GLHtyC,
CC gloJ/GLHtyD and hydroxylated at C-3 by the dioxygenase gloM/GLOXY1),
CC 3R-hydroxyl-L-glutamine (generated from L-glutamine probably by the
CC dioxygenase gloE/GLOXY3) and 3S-hydroxyl-L-proline (generated from L-
CC proline by the dioxygenase gloF/GLOXY2 to yield pneumocandin B0), or
CC 3S-hydroxyl-4S-methyl-L-proline (generated from L-leucine by the
CC dioxygenase gloC/GLOXY4 to yield pneumocandin A0) are sequentially
CC added to the growing chain (PubMed:25270390, PubMed:25879325,
CC PubMed:25527531). The last C domain of gloA/GLNRPS4 is proposed to be
CC responsible for cyclization by condensation to form the peptide bond
CC between L-ornithine and 3S-hydroxyl-4S-methyl-L-proline (for
CC pneumocandin A0) or 3S-hydroxyl-L-proline (for pneumocandin B0).
CC Finally, the subsequent C-4 hydroxylation of 3S-hydroxyl-L-homotyrosine
CC and L-ornithine dihydroxylation at C-4 and C-5 are performed by the
CC cytochrome P450 monooxygenases gloP/GLP450-1 and gloO/GLP450-2,
CC respectively (PubMed:25879325). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25270390,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:25527531, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25879325,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:27494047, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29352089,
CC ECO:0000303|PubMed:27705900}.
CC -!- COFACTOR:
CC Name=Fe(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29033;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00805};
CC Note=Binds 1 Fe(2+) ion per subunit. {ECO:0000255|PROSITE-
CC ProRule:PRU00805};
CC -!- PATHWAY: Mycotoxin biosynthesis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25527531,
CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:25879325}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Abolishes pneumocandin A0 production, and 3S-
CC hydroxyl-L-proline occupies the hexapeptide core's position 6,
CC resulting in exclusive production of pneumocandin B0 (PubMed:25527531).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25527531}.
CC -!- BIOTECHNOLOGY: Pneumocandin B0 is the starting molecule for the first
CC semisynthetic echinocandin antifungal drug, caspofungin acetate
CC (PubMed:25527531). Pneumocandin B0 is a minor fermentation product, and
CC its industrial production was achieved by a combination of extensive
CC mutation and medium optimization (PubMed:25527531). Inactivation of
CC three of gloP/GLP450-1, gloO/GLP450-2, and gloM/GLOXY1 generates 13
CC different pneumocandin analogs that lack one, two, three, or four
CC hydroxyl groups on 4R,5R-dihydroxy-ornithine and 3S,4S-dihydroxy-
CC homotyrosine of the parent hexapeptide (PubMed:25879325). All of these
CC cyclic lipopeptides show potent antifungal activities, and two new
CC metabolites pneumocandins F and G are more potent in vitro against
CC Candida species and Aspergillus fumigatus than the principal
CC fermentation products, pneumocandins A0 and B0 (PubMed:25879325).
CC Moreover, feeding alternative side chain precursors yields acrophiarin
CC and 4 additional pneumocandin congeners with straight C14, C15, and C16
CC side chains. One of those compounds, pneumocandin I, has elevated
CC antifungal activity and similar hemolytic activity compared to
CC pneumocandin B0, the starting molecule for caspofungin, demonstrating
CC the potential for using gloD/GLligase for future engineering of new
CC echinocandin analogs (PubMed:27494047). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25527531,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:25879325, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27494047}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase
CC family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; KE145356; EPE34350.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR RefSeq; XP_008078285.1; XM_008080094.1.
DR AlphaFoldDB; S3D9F9; -.
DR SMR; S3D9F9; -.
DR STRING; 101852.XP_008078285.1; -.
DR EnsemblFungi; EPE34350; EPE34350; GLAREA_10044.
DR GeneID; 19469091; -.
DR KEGG; glz:GLAREA_10044; -.
DR eggNOG; KOG0143; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_010119_6_1_1; -.
DR OrthoDB; 622449at2759; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000016922; Unassembled WGS sequence.
DR GO; GO:0051213; F:dioxygenase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0046872; F:metal ion binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR Gene3D; 2.60.120.330; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR026992; DIOX_N.
DR InterPro; IPR044861; IPNS-like_FE2OG_OXY.
DR InterPro; IPR027443; IPNS-like_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR005123; Oxoglu/Fe-dep_dioxygenase.
DR Pfam; PF03171; 2OG-FeII_Oxy; 1.
DR Pfam; PF14226; DIOX_N; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS51471; FE2OG_OXY; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Dioxygenase; Iron; Metal-binding; Oxidoreductase; Reference proteome.
FT CHAIN 1..332
FT /note="2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase gloC"
FT /id="PRO_0000444481"
FT DOMAIN 178..294
FT /note="Fe2OG dioxygenase"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00805"
FT BINDING 206
FT /ligand="Fe cation"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:24875"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00805"
FT BINDING 208
FT /ligand="Fe cation"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:24875"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00805"
FT BINDING 266
FT /ligand="Fe cation"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:24875"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00805"
FT BINDING 285
FT /ligand="2-oxoglutarate"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:16810"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00805"
FT MUTAGEN 98
FT /note="T->I: Impairs the catalytic activity and abolishes
FT 4S-methyl-L-proline and subsequent pneumocandin A0
FT production; when associated with T-294."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:25527531"
FT MUTAGEN 294
FT /note="A->T: Impairs the catalytic activity and abolishes
FT 4S-methyl-L-proline and subsequent pneumocandin A0
FT production; when associated with I-98."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:25527531"
SQ SEQUENCE 332 AA; 37527 MW; CCD8430D52D41AB2 CRC64;
MRIETLDFSK FHVGTDAERY EFSTALLTGF ANAGFIKLIN HGFSQEEISQ LFEENRRFFD
LTDSIKAQIA NEDGPKPQRG WSAVGAEKTG LLNTGGKTNL TKPDIEAPQD AKEHFDIGPS
EDTEFPNKWP DNELIPGFQP WLESFYERSR YISFALMEAL EIAMHLPKGA FIQKCQGHAS
ELRLNHYPKI TVKTLQGGKT SRIWPHTDFG VITLLAQDDV GGLEIQDKDN PTNFLPVSRE
DVSELVVNIG DTLERWTNGF LKAGLHQVTT PREIVNQSTE TVRPRRSIAF FLKAHRQMSV
GPLPQFVAEK TPAKYEDITA LAYQQRRTAI VY
