GR21A_DROME
ID GR21A_DROME Reviewed; 454 AA.
AC Q9VPT1; A1C3L0; Q1WW99;
DT 02-MAY-2002, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 24-JUL-2007, sequence version 3.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 128.
DE RecName: Full=Gustatory and odorant receptor 21a;
GN Name=Gr21a; Synonyms=GR21D.1; ORFNames=CG13948;
OS Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea;
OC Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.
OX NCBI_TaxID=7227;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RC STRAIN=Oregon-R; TISSUE=Antenna;
RX PubMed=17167414; DOI=10.1038/nature05466;
RA Jones W.D., Cayirlioglu P., Grunwald Kadow I., Vosshall L.B.;
RT "Two chemosensory receptors together mediate carbon dioxide detection in
RT Drosophila.";
RL Nature 445:86-90(2007).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=Berkeley;
RX PubMed=10731132; DOI=10.1126/science.287.5461.2185;
RA Adams M.D., Celniker S.E., Holt R.A., Evans C.A., Gocayne J.D.,
RA Amanatides P.G., Scherer S.E., Li P.W., Hoskins R.A., Galle R.F.,
RA George R.A., Lewis S.E., Richards S., Ashburner M., Henderson S.N.,
RA Sutton G.G., Wortman J.R., Yandell M.D., Zhang Q., Chen L.X., Brandon R.C.,
RA Rogers Y.-H.C., Blazej R.G., Champe M., Pfeiffer B.D., Wan K.H., Doyle C.,
RA Baxter E.G., Helt G., Nelson C.R., Miklos G.L.G., Abril J.F., Agbayani A.,
RA An H.-J., Andrews-Pfannkoch C., Baldwin D., Ballew R.M., Basu A.,
RA Baxendale J., Bayraktaroglu L., Beasley E.M., Beeson K.Y., Benos P.V.,
RA Berman B.P., Bhandari D., Bolshakov S., Borkova D., Botchan M.R., Bouck J.,
RA Brokstein P., Brottier P., Burtis K.C., Busam D.A., Butler H., Cadieu E.,
RA Center A., Chandra I., Cherry J.M., Cawley S., Dahlke C., Davenport L.B.,
RA Davies P., de Pablos B., Delcher A., Deng Z., Mays A.D., Dew I.,
RA Dietz S.M., Dodson K., Doup L.E., Downes M., Dugan-Rocha S., Dunkov B.C.,
RA Dunn P., Durbin K.J., Evangelista C.C., Ferraz C., Ferriera S.,
RA Fleischmann W., Fosler C., Gabrielian A.E., Garg N.S., Gelbart W.M.,
RA Glasser K., Glodek A., Gong F., Gorrell J.H., Gu Z., Guan P., Harris M.,
RA Harris N.L., Harvey D.A., Heiman T.J., Hernandez J.R., Houck J., Hostin D.,
RA Houston K.A., Howland T.J., Wei M.-H., Ibegwam C., Jalali M., Kalush F.,
RA Karpen G.H., Ke Z., Kennison J.A., Ketchum K.A., Kimmel B.E., Kodira C.D.,
RA Kraft C.L., Kravitz S., Kulp D., Lai Z., Lasko P., Lei Y., Levitsky A.A.,
RA Li J.H., Li Z., Liang Y., Lin X., Liu X., Mattei B., McIntosh T.C.,
RA McLeod M.P., McPherson D., Merkulov G., Milshina N.V., Mobarry C.,
RA Morris J., Moshrefi A., Mount S.M., Moy M., Murphy B., Murphy L.,
RA Muzny D.M., Nelson D.L., Nelson D.R., Nelson K.A., Nixon K., Nusskern D.R.,
RA Pacleb J.M., Palazzolo M., Pittman G.S., Pan S., Pollard J., Puri V.,
RA Reese M.G., Reinert K., Remington K., Saunders R.D.C., Scheeler F.,
RA Shen H., Shue B.C., Siden-Kiamos I., Simpson M., Skupski M.P., Smith T.J.,
RA Spier E., Spradling A.C., Stapleton M., Strong R., Sun E., Svirskas R.,
RA Tector C., Turner R., Venter E., Wang A.H., Wang X., Wang Z.-Y.,
RA Wassarman D.A., Weinstock G.M., Weissenbach J., Williams S.M., Woodage T.,
RA Worley K.C., Wu D., Yang S., Yao Q.A., Ye J., Yeh R.-F., Zaveri J.S.,
RA Zhan M., Zhang G., Zhao Q., Zheng L., Zheng X.H., Zhong F.N., Zhong W.,
RA Zhou X., Zhu S.C., Zhu X., Smith H.O., Gibbs R.A., Myers E.W., Rubin G.M.,
RA Venter J.C.;
RT "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster.";
RL Science 287:2185-2195(2000).
RN [3]
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=Berkeley;
RX PubMed=12537572; DOI=10.1186/gb-2002-3-12-research0083;
RA Misra S., Crosby M.A., Mungall C.J., Matthews B.B., Campbell K.S.,
RA Hradecky P., Huang Y., Kaminker J.S., Millburn G.H., Prochnik S.E.,
RA Smith C.D., Tupy J.L., Whitfield E.J., Bayraktaroglu L., Berman B.P.,
RA Bettencourt B.R., Celniker S.E., de Grey A.D.N.J., Drysdale R.A.,
RA Harris N.L., Richter J., Russo S., Schroeder A.J., Shu S.Q., Stapleton M.,
RA Yamada C., Ashburner M., Gelbart W.M., Rubin G.M., Lewis S.E.;
RT "Annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatic genome: a systematic
RT review.";
RL Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0083.1-RESEARCH0083.22(2002).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC STRAIN=Berkeley;
RA Stapleton M., Carlson J.W., Chavez C., Frise E., George R.A., Pacleb J.M.,
RA Park S., Wan K.H., Yu C., Celniker S.E.;
RL Submitted (MAR-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [5]
RP IDENTIFICATION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=10710312; DOI=10.1126/science.287.5459.1830;
RA Clyne P.J., Warr C.G., Carlson J.R.;
RT "Candidate taste receptors in Drosophila.";
RL Science 287:1830-1834(2000).
RN [6]
RP IDENTIFICATION.
RX PubMed=11516643; DOI=10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00258-5;
RA Dunipace L., Meister S., McNealy C., Amrein H.;
RT "Spatially restricted expression of candidate taste receptors in the
RT Drosophila gustatory system.";
RL Curr. Biol. 11:822-835(2001).
RN [7]
RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY, FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=16809465; DOI=10.1242/jeb.02297;
RA Faucher C., Forstreuter M., Hilker M., de Bruyne M.;
RT "Behavioral responses of Drosophila to biogenic levels of carbon dioxide
RT depend on life-stage, sex and olfactory context.";
RL J. Exp. Biol. 209:2739-2748(2006).
RN [8]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=17493811; DOI=10.1016/j.cub.2007.04.046;
RA Suh G.S., Ben-Tabou de Leon S., Tanimoto H., Fiala A., Benzer S.,
RA Anderson D.J.;
RT "Light activation of an innate olfactory avoidance response in
RT Drosophila.";
RL Curr. Biol. 17:905-908(2007).
RN [9]
RP FUNCTION, AND SUBUNIT.
RX PubMed=17360684; DOI=10.1073/pnas.0700079104;
RA Kwon J.Y., Dahanukar A., Weiss L.A., Carlson J.R.;
RT "The molecular basis of CO2 reception in Drosophila.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:3574-3578(2007).
RN [10]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=19710651; DOI=10.1038/nature08295;
RA Turner S.L., Ray A.;
RT "Modification of CO2 avoidance behaviour in Drosophila by inhibitory
RT odorants.";
RL Nature 461:277-281(2009).
RN [11]
RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=22031876; DOI=10.1523/jneurosci.3363-11.2011;
RA Kwon J.Y., Dahanukar A., Weiss L.A., Carlson J.R.;
RT "Molecular and cellular organization of the taste system in the Drosophila
RT larva.";
RL J. Neurosci. 31:15300-15309(2011).
RN [12]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=23162431; DOI=10.3389/fncel.2012.00054;
RA Getahun M.N., Wicher D., Hansson B.S., Olsson S.B.;
RT "Temporal response dynamics of Drosophila olfactory sensory neurons depends
RT on receptor type and response polarity.";
RL Front. Cell. Neurosci. 6:54-54(2012).
RN [13]
RP INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=23105004; DOI=10.1101/gad.201665.112;
RA Sim C.K., Perry S., Tharadra S.K., Lipsick J.S., Ray A.;
RT "Epigenetic regulation of olfactory receptor gene expression by the Myb-
RT MuvB/dREAM complex.";
RL Genes Dev. 26:2483-2498(2012).
RN [14]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=23185459; DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0049848;
RA Badsha F., Kain P., Prabhakar S., Sundaram S., Padinjat R., Rodrigues V.,
RA Hasan G.;
RT "Mutants in Drosophila TRPC channels reduce olfactory sensitivity to carbon
RT dioxide.";
RL PLoS ONE 7:E49848-E49848(2012).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Gustatory and odorant receptor which mediates acceptance or
CC avoidance behavior, depending on its substrates. Gr21a and Gr63a
CC together are sufficient for carbon dioxide detection and avoidance
CC behavior. It is possible that the CO(2) receptors Gr63a and Gr21a
CC activate the TRPC channels through Galpha49B and Plc21C. This innate
CC olfactory avoidance behavior can be inhibited by inhibitory
CC interactions of the odors such as 1-hexanol and 2,3-butanedione with
CC Gr21a and Gr63a. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16809465,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:17167414, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17360684,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:17493811, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19710651,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:23162431, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23185459}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Gr21a and Gr63a probably form a heterodimer that responds to
CC CO(2). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17360684}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane {ECO:0000250}; Multi-pass membrane
CC protein {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in the adult labellar chemosensory
CC neurons. Carbon dioxide-responsive neurons coexpress Gr21a and Gr63a in
CC a pair of chemosensory receptors at both larval and adult life stages.
CC A single bilateral neuron, expressing the Gr21a receptor, is
CC responsible for CO(2) detection in larvae.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10710312, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16809465,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:17167414, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22031876}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: The Myb-MuvB complex mediates neuron-specific expression of
CC the carbon dioxide receptor genes Gr63a and Gr21a.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23105004}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Impairs CO(2) avoidance of larvae.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16809465}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the insect chemoreceptor superfamily. Gustatory
CC receptor (GR) family. Gr21a subfamily. {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
CC Sequence=AAF51461.2; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
CC Sequence=ABE01237.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Truncated N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
CC Sequence=ABE01237.1; Type=Frameshift; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
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DR EMBL; DQ989014; ABK97615.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AE014134; AAF51461.2; ALT_SEQ; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; BT025007; ABE01237.1; ALT_SEQ; mRNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_001259841.1; NM_001272912.1.
DR RefSeq; NP_523448.2; NM_078724.6.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q9VPT1; -.
DR SMR; Q9VPT1; -.
DR BioGRID; 59505; 1.
DR STRING; 7227.FBpp0077671; -.
DR TCDB; 1.A.69.2.1; the heteromeric odorant receptor channel (horc) family.
DR PaxDb; Q9VPT1; -.
DR EnsemblMetazoa; FBtr0331651; FBpp0304041; FBgn0041250.
DR GeneID; 33251; -.
DR KEGG; dme:Dmel_CG13948; -.
DR CTD; 33251; -.
DR FlyBase; FBgn0041250; Gr21a.
DR VEuPathDB; VectorBase:FBgn0041250; -.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502R7M7; Eukaryota.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00530000064835; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_049090_0_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q9VPT1; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q9VPT1; -.
DR BioGRID-ORCS; 33251; 0 hits in 1 CRISPR screen.
DR GenomeRNAi; 33251; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q9VPT1; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000000803; Chromosome 2L.
DR Bgee; FBgn0041250; Expressed in olfactory receptor neuron (Drosophila) and 3 other tissues.
DR ExpressionAtlas; Q9VPT1; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; Q9VPT1; DM.
DR GO; GO:0030424; C:axon; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0030425; C:dendrite; IDA:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; NAS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0043025; C:neuronal cell body; IDA:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0004984; F:olfactory receptor activity; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0008527; F:taste receptor activity; NAS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0007610; P:behavior; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0003031; P:detection of carbon dioxide; IGI:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0010037; P:response to carbon dioxide; IGI:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0050909; P:sensory perception of taste; NAS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0007165; P:signal transduction; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR InterPro; IPR013604; 7TM_chemorcpt.
DR PANTHER; PTHR21143; PTHR21143; 1.
DR Pfam; PF08395; 7tm_7; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Behavior; Cell membrane; Membrane; Olfaction; Receptor; Reference proteome;
KW Sensory transduction; Transducer; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix.
FT CHAIN 1..454
FT /note="Gustatory and odorant receptor 21a"
FT /id="PRO_0000216492"
FT TOPO_DOM 1..114
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT TRANSMEM 115..135
FT /note="Helical; Name=1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 136..153
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT TRANSMEM 154..174
FT /note="Helical; Name=2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 175..206
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT TRANSMEM 207..227
FT /note="Helical; Name=3"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 228..237
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT TRANSMEM 238..258
FT /note="Helical; Name=4"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 259..312
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT TRANSMEM 313..333
FT /note="Helical; Name=5"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 334..345
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT TRANSMEM 346..366
FT /note="Helical; Name=6"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 367..422
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT TRANSMEM 423..443
FT /note="Helical; Name=7"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT TOPO_DOM 444..454
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
SQ SEQUENCE 454 AA; 52773 MW; 3390E8F0E105C733 CRC64;
MTFLDRTMSF WAVSRGLTPP SKVVPMLNPN QRQFLEDEVR YREKLKLMAR GDAMEEVYVR
KQETVDDPLE LDKHDSFYQT TKSLLVLFQI MGVMPIHRNP PEKNLPRTGY SWGSKQVMWA
IFIYSCQTTI VVLVLRERVK KFVTSPDKRF DEAIYNVIFI SLLFTNFLLP VASWRHGPQV
AIFKNMWTNY QYKFFKTTGS PIVFPNLYPL TWSLCVFSWL LSIAINLSQY FLQPDFRLWY
TFAYYPIIAM LNCFCSLWYI NCNAFGTASR ALSDALQTTI RGEKPAQKLT EYRHLWVDLS
HMMQQLGRAY SNMYGMYCLV IFFTTIIATY GSISEIIDHG ATYKEVGLFV IVFYCMGLLY
IICNEAHYAS RKVGLDFQTK LLNINLTAVD AATQKEVEML LVAINKNPPI MNLDGYANIN
RELITTNISF MATYLVVLLQ FKITEQRRIG QQQA
