ID   GTX3A_NEOCU             Reviewed;          30 AA.
AC   P0DV17;
DT   23-FEB-2022, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   23-FEB-2022, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 3.
DE   RecName: Full=M-poneritoxin-Nc3a {ECO:0000303|PubMed:34302796};
DE            Short=M-PONTX-Nc3a {ECO:0000303|PubMed:34302796};
DE   AltName: Full=Poneratoxin {ECO:0000305};
DE   AltName: Full=Ponericin Nc3a {ECO:0000303|PubMed:34302796};
OS   Neoponera commutata (Large hunting ant) (Pachycondyla commutata).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC   Neoptera; Endopterygota; Hymenoptera; Apocrita; Aculeata; Formicoidea;
OC   Formicidae; Ponerinae; Ponerini; Pachycondyla.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=613619;
RN   [1]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, SYNTHESIS, TOXIC
RP   DOSE, AND BIOASSAY.
RC   TISSUE=Venom;
RX   PubMed=34302796; DOI=10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114693;
RA   Nixon S.A., Robinson S.D., Agwa A.J., Walker A.A., Choudhary S.,
RA   Touchard A., Undheim E.A.B., Robertson A., Vetter I., Schroeder C.I.,
RA   Kotze A.C., Herzig V., King G.F.;
RT   "Multipurpose peptides: the venoms of Amazonian stinging ants contain
RT   anthelmintic ponericins with diverse predatory and defensive activities.";
RL   Biochem. Pharmacol. 192:114693-114693(2021).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Membrane-perturbating peptide with multiple activities
CC       (PubMed:34302796). It is insecticidal, since it induces contractile
CC       paralysis in insects (L.cuprina) during several hours and death after
CC       24 hours (PubMed:34302796). It shows a relatively strong and broad-
CC       spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-
CC       negative bacteria (MIC<20 uM) (PubMed:34302796). It is also
CC       antiparasitic, since it potently inhibits the larval development of the
CC       major pathogenic nematode of ruminants (H.contortus, IC(50)=5.6 uM) and
CC       reduces the motility of adult males of the other nematode B.malayi
CC       (PubMed:34302796). It also shows cytotoxic activity against HEK293
CC       cells (EC(50)=5-7 uM) but does not induce hemolysis in human
CC       erythrocytes (PubMed:34302796). In addition, it causes a moderate
CC       increase in intracellular calcium concentration on neuronal and
CC       epithelial cell lines, which supports a non-specific membrane
CC       perturbation mechanism of action (PubMed:34302796). In vivo, it induces
CC       pain by intraplantar injection into mice, suggesting a defensive
CC       function against vertebrate predators (PubMed:34302796).
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:34302796}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:34302796}. Target
CC       cell membrane {ECO:0000305|PubMed:34302796}. Note=Adopts an alpha-
CC       helical conformation in membrane-mimetic environments.
CC       {ECO:0000305|PubMed:34302796}.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed by the venom gland.
CC       {ECO:0000305|PubMed:34302796}.
CC   -!- MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=3366.5; Method=MALDI; Note=Monoisotopic mass.;
CC       Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:34302796};
CC   -!- TOXIC DOSE: PD(50) is 0.5 nmol/g 1 hour after injection into L.cuprina.
CC       LD(50) is 3.5 nmol/g 24 hours after injection into L.cuprina
CC       (PubMed:34302796). In vivo, it induces pain by intraplantar injection
CC       into mice, suggesting a defensive function against vertebrate predators
CC       (PubMed:34302796). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:34302796}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ponericin-G family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0016020; C:membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0090729; F:toxin activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0042742; P:defense response to bacterium; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   InterPro; IPR010002; Poneritoxin.
DR   Pfam; PF07442; Ponericin; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Antibiotic; Antimicrobial; Direct protein sequencing; Membrane; Secreted;
KW   Target cell membrane; Target membrane; Toxin.
FT   PEPTIDE         1..30
FT                   /note="M-poneritoxin-Nc3a"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:34302796"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000454518"
SQ   SEQUENCE   30 AA;  3369 MW;  411F7C0F891A207E CRC64;
     GWKDWLNKAK DFIKEKGPEI LRAAANAAIN