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H2A2A_RAT
ID   H2A2A_RAT               Reviewed;         130 AA.
AC   P0CC09;
DT   15-DEC-2009, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   15-DEC-2009, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 98.
DE   RecName: Full=Histone H2A type 2-A;
DE   AltName: Full=H2A-clustered histone 18 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6FI13};
DE   AltName: Full=Histone H2A.2;
GN   Name=H2ac18 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6FI13};
GN   Synonyms=Hist2h2aa3 {ECO:0000312|RGD:1307165};
OS   Rattus norvegicus (Rat).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae;
OC   Murinae; Rattus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=10116;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=Brown Norway;
RX   PubMed=15057822; DOI=10.1038/nature02426;
RA   Gibbs R.A., Weinstock G.M., Metzker M.L., Muzny D.M., Sodergren E.J.,
RA   Scherer S., Scott G., Steffen D., Worley K.C., Burch P.E., Okwuonu G.,
RA   Hines S., Lewis L., Deramo C., Delgado O., Dugan-Rocha S., Miner G.,
RA   Morgan M., Hawes A., Gill R., Holt R.A., Adams M.D., Amanatides P.G.,
RA   Baden-Tillson H., Barnstead M., Chin S., Evans C.A., Ferriera S.,
RA   Fosler C., Glodek A., Gu Z., Jennings D., Kraft C.L., Nguyen T.,
RA   Pfannkoch C.M., Sitter C., Sutton G.G., Venter J.C., Woodage T., Smith D.,
RA   Lee H.-M., Gustafson E., Cahill P., Kana A., Doucette-Stamm L.,
RA   Weinstock K., Fechtel K., Weiss R.B., Dunn D.M., Green E.D.,
RA   Blakesley R.W., Bouffard G.G., De Jong P.J., Osoegawa K., Zhu B., Marra M.,
RA   Schein J., Bosdet I., Fjell C., Jones S., Krzywinski M., Mathewson C.,
RA   Siddiqui A., Wye N., McPherson J., Zhao S., Fraser C.M., Shetty J.,
RA   Shatsman S., Geer K., Chen Y., Abramzon S., Nierman W.C., Havlak P.H.,
RA   Chen R., Durbin K.J., Egan A., Ren Y., Song X.-Z., Li B., Liu Y., Qin X.,
RA   Cawley S., Cooney A.J., D'Souza L.M., Martin K., Wu J.Q.,
RA   Gonzalez-Garay M.L., Jackson A.R., Kalafus K.J., McLeod M.P.,
RA   Milosavljevic A., Virk D., Volkov A., Wheeler D.A., Zhang Z., Bailey J.A.,
RA   Eichler E.E., Tuzun E., Birney E., Mongin E., Ureta-Vidal A., Woodwark C.,
RA   Zdobnov E., Bork P., Suyama M., Torrents D., Alexandersson M., Trask B.J.,
RA   Young J.M., Huang H., Wang H., Xing H., Daniels S., Gietzen D., Schmidt J.,
RA   Stevens K., Vitt U., Wingrove J., Camara F., Mar Alba M., Abril J.F.,
RA   Guigo R., Smit A., Dubchak I., Rubin E.M., Couronne O., Poliakov A.,
RA   Huebner N., Ganten D., Goesele C., Hummel O., Kreitler T., Lee Y.-A.,
RA   Monti J., Schulz H., Zimdahl H., Himmelbauer H., Lehrach H., Jacob H.J.,
RA   Bromberg S., Gullings-Handley J., Jensen-Seaman M.I., Kwitek A.E.,
RA   Lazar J., Pasko D., Tonellato P.J., Twigger S., Ponting C.P., Duarte J.M.,
RA   Rice S., Goodstadt L., Beatson S.A., Emes R.D., Winter E.E., Webber C.,
RA   Brandt P., Nyakatura G., Adetobi M., Chiaromonte F., Elnitski L.,
RA   Eswara P., Hardison R.C., Hou M., Kolbe D., Makova K., Miller W.,
RA   Nekrutenko A., Riemer C., Schwartz S., Taylor J., Yang S., Zhang Y.,
RA   Lindpaintner K., Andrews T.D., Caccamo M., Clamp M., Clarke L., Curwen V.,
RA   Durbin R.M., Eyras E., Searle S.M., Cooper G.M., Batzoglou S., Brudno M.,
RA   Sidow A., Stone E.A., Payseur B.A., Bourque G., Lopez-Otin C., Puente X.S.,
RA   Chakrabarti K., Chatterji S., Dewey C., Pachter L., Bray N., Yap V.B.,
RA   Caspi A., Tesler G., Pevzner P.A., Haussler D., Roskin K.M., Baertsch R.,
RA   Clawson H., Furey T.S., Hinrichs A.S., Karolchik D., Kent W.J.,
RA   Rosenbloom K.R., Trumbower H., Weirauch M., Cooper D.N., Stenson P.D.,
RA   Ma B., Brent M., Arumugam M., Shteynberg D., Copley R.R., Taylor M.S.,
RA   Riethman H., Mudunuri U., Peterson J., Guyer M., Felsenfeld A., Old S.,
RA   Mockrin S., Collins F.S.;
RT   "Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian
RT   evolution.";
RL   Nature 428:493-521(2004).
RN   [2]
RP   IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY.
RX   PubMed=19343714; DOI=10.1002/pmic.200800558;
RA   Pramod K.S., Bharat K., Sanjay G.;
RT   "Mass spectrometry-compatible silver staining of histones resolved on
RT   acetic acid-urea-Triton PAGE.";
RL   Proteomics 9:2589-2592(2009).
RN   [3]
RP   INDUCTION BY NDEA, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY.
RX   PubMed=21239733; DOI=10.1258/ebm.2010.010140;
RA   Khare S.P., Sharma A., Deodhar K.K., Gupta S.;
RT   "Overexpression of histone variant H2A.1 and cellular transformation are
RT   related in N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced sequential hepatocarcinogenesis.";
RL   Exp. Biol. Med. 236:30-35(2011).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact
CC       DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular
CC       machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a
CC       central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication
CC       and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex
CC       set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called
CC       histone code, and nucleosome remodeling (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules
CC       each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and
CC       two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA
CC       (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000250}. Chromosome {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- INDUCTION: Down-regulated in hepatocytes after treatment with the
CC       procarcinogen N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA).
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21239733}.
CC   -!- PTM: Deiminated on Arg-4 in granulocytes upon calcium entry.
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8}.
CC   -!- PTM: Monoubiquitination of Lys-120 (H2AK119Ub) by RING1, TRIM37 and
CC       RNF2/RING2 complex gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional
CC       repression and participates in X chromosome inactivation of female
CC       mammals. It is involved in the initiation of both imprinted and random
CC       X inactivation. Ubiquitinated H2A is enriched in inactive X chromosome
CC       chromatin. Ubiquitination of H2A functions downstream of methylation of
CC       'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me). H2AK119Ub by RNF2/RING2 can also be
CC       induced by ultraviolet and may be involved in DNA repair. Following DNA
CC       double-strand breaks (DSBs), it is ubiquitinated through 'Lys-63'
CC       linkage of ubiquitin moieties by the E2 ligase UBE2N and the E3 ligases
CC       RNF8 and RNF168, leading to the recruitment of repair proteins to sites
CC       of DNA damage. Ubiquitination at Lys-14 and Lys-16 (H2AK13Ub and
CC       H2AK15Ub, respectively) in response to DNA damage is initiated by
CC       RNF168 that mediates monoubiquitination at these 2 sites, and 'Lys-63'-
CC       linked ubiquitin are then conjugated to monoubiquitin; RNF8 is able to
CC       extend 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains in vitro. H2AK119Ub and
CC       ionizing radiation-induced 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination (H2AK13Ub and
CC       H2AK15Ub) are distinct events. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8}.
CC   -!- PTM: Phosphorylation on Ser-2 (H2AS1ph) is enhanced during mitosis.
CC       Phosphorylation on Ser-2 by RPS6KA5/MSK1 directly represses
CC       transcription. Acetylation of H3 inhibits Ser-2 phosphorylation by
CC       RPS6KA5/MSK1. Phosphorylation at Thr-121 (H2AT120ph) by DCAF1 is
CC       present in the regulatory region of many tumor suppresor genes and
CC       down-regulates their transcription. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8}.
CC   -!- PTM: Symmetric dimethylation on Arg-4 by the PRDM1/PRMT5 complex may
CC       play a crucial role in the germ-cell lineage.
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P22752}.
CC   -!- PTM: Glutamine methylation at Gln-105 (H2AQ104me) by FBL is
CC       specifically dedicated to polymerase I. It is present at 35S ribosomal
CC       DNA locus and impairs binding of the FACT complex.
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8}.
CC   -!- PTM: Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and
CC       marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked
CC       genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells.
CC       Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers
CC       resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with
CC       post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes.
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8}.
CC   -!- PTM: Lactylated in macrophages by EP300/P300 by using lactoyl-CoA
CC       directly derived from endogenous or exogenous lactate, leading to
CC       stimulates gene transcription. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S5}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone H2A family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; AABR03012720; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001302422.1; NM_001315493.1.
DR   RefSeq; XP_002726073.1; XM_002726027.5.
DR   RefSeq; XP_003749398.1; XM_003749350.4.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P0CC09; -.
DR   SMR; P0CC09; -.
DR   BioGRID; 265604; 1.
DR   STRING; 10116.ENSRNOP00000039333; -.
DR   jPOST; P0CC09; -.
DR   PaxDb; P0CC09; -.
DR   PRIDE; P0CC09; -.
DR   GeneID; 365877; -.
DR   GeneID; 690131; -.
DR   KEGG; rno:365877; -.
DR   KEGG; rno:690131; -.
DR   UCSC; RGD:1307165; rat.
DR   CTD; 365877; -.
DR   CTD; 690131; -.
DR   RGD; 1307165; Hist2h2aa3.
DR   VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSRNOG00000068602; -.
DR   eggNOG; KOG1756; Eukaryota.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_062828_3_1_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; P0CC09; -.
DR   OMA; MPNIHQT; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 1504122at2759; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; P0CC09; -.
DR   TreeFam; TF300137; -.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-110330; Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected purine.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-110331; Cleavage of the damaged purine.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-171306; Packaging Of Telomere Ends.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-201722; Formation of the beta-catenin:TCF transactivating complex.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-212300; PRC2 methylates histones and DNA.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-2299718; Condensation of Prophase Chromosomes.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-2559580; Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-2559582; Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP).
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-2559586; DNA Damage/Telomere Stress Induced Senescence.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-427359; SIRT1 negatively regulates rRNA expression.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-427413; NoRC negatively regulates rRNA expression.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-5250924; B-WICH complex positively regulates rRNA expression.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-5578749; Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-5625886; Activated PKN1 stimulates transcription of AR (androgen receptor) regulated genes KLK2 and KLK3.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-5689901; Metalloprotease DUBs.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-606279; Deposition of new CENPA-containing nucleosomes at the centromere.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-68616; Assembly of the ORC complex at the origin of replication.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-73728; RNA Polymerase I Promoter Opening.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-73772; RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-8936459; RUNX1 regulates genes involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet function.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-9018519; Estrogen-dependent gene expression.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-9670095; Inhibition of DNA recombination at telomere.
DR   PRO; PR:P0CC09; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000002494; Chromosome 17.
DR   Bgee; ENSRNOG00000047898; Expressed in ovary and 14 other tissues.
DR   ExpressionAtlas; P0CC09; baseline.
DR   Genevisible; P0CC09; RN.
DR   GO; GO:0000786; C:nucleosome; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0003677; F:DNA binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0046982; F:protein heterodimerization activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0030527; F:structural constituent of chromatin; IEA:InterPro.
DR   CDD; cd00074; H2A; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 1.10.20.10; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR009072; Histone-fold.
DR   InterPro; IPR002119; Histone_H2A.
DR   InterPro; IPR007125; Histone_H2A/H2B/H3.
DR   InterPro; IPR032454; Histone_H2A_C.
DR   InterPro; IPR032458; Histone_H2A_CS.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR23430; PTHR23430; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00125; Histone; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF16211; Histone_H2A_C; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00620; HISTONEH2A.
DR   SMART; SM00414; H2A; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF47113; SSF47113; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00046; HISTONE_H2A; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Acetylation; Chromosome; Citrullination; DNA-binding; Hydroxylation;
KW   Isopeptide bond; Methylation; Nucleosome core; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein;
KW   Reference proteome; Ubl conjugation.
FT   INIT_MET        1
FT                   /note="Removed"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6FI13"
FT   CHAIN           2..130
FT                   /note="Histone H2A type 2-A"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000390388"
FT   REGION          1..22
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   MOD_RES         2
FT                   /note="N-acetylserine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6FI13"
FT   MOD_RES         2
FT                   /note="Phosphoserine; by RPS6KA5"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6FI13"
FT   MOD_RES         4
FT                   /note="Citrulline; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         4
FT                   /note="Symmetric dimethylarginine; by PRMT5; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6GSS7"
FT   MOD_RES         6
FT                   /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         6
FT                   /note="N6-acetyllysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6FI13"
FT   MOD_RES         10
FT                   /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         10
FT                   /note="N6-lactoyllysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S5"
FT   MOD_RES         10
FT                   /note="N6-succinyllysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6FI13"
FT   MOD_RES         37
FT                   /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         37
FT                   /note="N6-(beta-hydroxybutyryl)lysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:C0HKE1"
FT   MOD_RES         37
FT                   /note="N6-crotonyllysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         75
FT                   /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         76
FT                   /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         96
FT                   /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         96
FT                   /note="N6-glutaryllysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         96
FT                   /note="N6-succinyllysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6FI13"
FT   MOD_RES         100
FT                   /note="N6-glutaryllysine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         105
FT                   /note="N5-methylglutamine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         119
FT                   /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         119
FT                   /note="N6-crotonyllysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         119
FT                   /note="N6-glutaryllysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         120
FT                   /note="N6-crotonyllysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         120
FT                   /note="N6-glutaryllysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         121
FT                   /note="Phosphothreonine; by DCAF1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6FI13"
FT   MOD_RES         126
FT                   /note="N6-crotonyllysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   MOD_RES         126
FT                   /note="N6-glutaryllysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0C0S8"
FT   CROSSLNK        14
FT                   /note="Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with
FT                   G-Cter in ubiquitin)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6FI13"
FT   CROSSLNK        16
FT                   /note="Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with
FT                   G-Cter in ubiquitin)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6FI13"
FT   CROSSLNK        120
FT                   /note="Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with
FT                   G-Cter in ubiquitin); alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6FI13"
SQ   SEQUENCE   130 AA;  14095 MW;  53AEDC6CE3FE8317 CRC64;
     MSGRGKQGGK ARAKAKSRSS RAGLQFPVGR VHRLLRKGNY AERVGAGAPV YMAAVLEYLT
     AEILELAGNA ARDNKKTRII PRHLQLAIRN DEELNKLLGK VTIAQGGVLP NIQAVLLPKK
     TESHHKAKGK
 
 
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