H2AX_PICAB
ID H2AX_PICAB Reviewed; 138 AA.
AC P35063;
DT 01-FEB-1994, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-FEB-1994, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 86.
DE RecName: Full=Histone H2AX;
OS Picea abies (Norway spruce) (Picea excelsa).
OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC Spermatophyta; Pinopsida; Pinidae; Conifers I; Pinales; Pinaceae; Picea.
OX NCBI_TaxID=3329;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=8448359; DOI=10.1007/bf00014543;
RA Sundaas A., Tandre K., Kvarnheden A., Engstroem P.;
RT "cDNA sequence and expression of an intron-containing histone H2A gene from
RT Norway spruce, Picea abies.";
RL Plant Mol. Biol. 21:595-605(1993).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a
CC subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin,
CC limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require
CC DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in
CC transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal
CC stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-
CC translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and
CC nucleosome remodeling. Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell
CC cycle progression in response to low doses of ionizing radiation and
CC for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) specifically
CC when modified by C-terminal phosphorylation (By similarity).
CC {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules
CC each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and
CC two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of
CC DNA. Interacts with numerous proteins required for DNA damage signaling
CC and repair when phosphorylated on Ser-135 (By similarity).
CC {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Chromosome.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed preferentially in meristematic tissues.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8448359}.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed in germinating embryos.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8448359}.
CC -!- DOMAIN: The [ST]-Q motif constitutes a recognition sequence for kinases
CC from the PI3/PI4-kinase family.
CC -!- PTM: Phosphorylated on Ser-135 (to form gamma-H2AX) in response to DNA
CC double strand breaks (DSBs) generated by exogenous genotoxic agents and
CC by stalled replication forks, and may also occur during meiotic
CC recombination events. Phosphorylation can extend up to several thousand
CC nucleosomes from the actual site of the DSB and may mark the
CC surrounding chromatin for recruitment of proteins required for DNA
CC damage signaling and repair. Widespread phosphorylation may also serve
CC to amplify the damage signal or aid repair of persistent lesions.
CC Phosphorylation of Ser-135 in response to ionizing radiation is
CC mediated by ATM while defects in DNA replication induce Ser-135
CC phosphorylation subsequent to activation of ATR. Dephosphorylation of
CC Ser-135 by PP2A is required for DNA DSB repair (By similarity).
CC {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone H2A family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; X67819; CAA48030.1; -; mRNA.
DR PIR; S30155; S30155.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P35063; -.
DR SMR; P35063; -.
DR GO; GO:0000786; C:nucleosome; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0003677; F:DNA binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0046982; F:protein heterodimerization activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0030527; F:structural constituent of chromatin; IEA:InterPro.
DR CDD; cd00074; H2A; 1.
DR Gene3D; 1.10.20.10; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR009072; Histone-fold.
DR InterPro; IPR002119; Histone_H2A.
DR InterPro; IPR007125; Histone_H2A/H2B/H3.
DR InterPro; IPR032454; Histone_H2A_C.
DR InterPro; IPR032458; Histone_H2A_CS.
DR PANTHER; PTHR23430; PTHR23430; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00125; Histone; 1.
DR Pfam; PF16211; Histone_H2A_C; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR00620; HISTONEH2A.
DR SMART; SM00414; H2A; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF47113; SSF47113; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00046; HISTONE_H2A; 1.
PE 2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW Chromosome; DNA-binding; Nucleosome core; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein.
FT CHAIN 1..138
FT /note="Histone H2AX"
FT /id="PRO_0000055267"
FT REGION 1..24
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT MOTIF 135..136
FT /note="[ST]-Q motif"
FT MOD_RES 135
FT /note="Phosphoserine; by ATM and ATR"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
SQ SEQUENCE 138 AA; 14521 MW; E4B9721B6BA77581 CRC64;
MSSSGAKGGR GKAKSTKSVS RSQKAGLQFP VGRIARFLKA GKYAERVGAG APVYLAAVLE
YLAAEVLELA GNAARDNKKN RIVPRHIQLA VRNDEELSKL LGAVTIANGG VLPNIHQVLL
PKKSGKDKGE IGSASQEF
