ID   H2A_CHITH               Reviewed;         125 AA.
AC   P21896;
DT   01-MAY-1991, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   23-JAN-2007, sequence version 2.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 95.
DE   RecName: Full=Histone H2A;
OS   Chironomus thummi thummi (Midge).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC   Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Nematocera; Chironomoidea; Chironomidae;
OC   Chironominae; Chironomus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=7155;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=2172549; DOI=10.1016/s0022-2836(05)80159-7;
RA   Hankeln T., Schmidt E.R.;
RT   "New foldback transposable element TFB1 found in histone genes of the midge
RT   Chironomus thummi.";
RL   J. Mol. Biol. 215:477-482(1990).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=1769271; DOI=10.1007/bf00360683;
RA   Hankeln T., Schmidt E.R.;
RT   "The organization, localization and nucleotide sequence of the histone
RT   genes of the midge Chironomus thummi.";
RL   Chromosoma 101:25-31(1991).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact
CC       DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular
CC       machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a
CC       central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication
CC       and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex
CC       set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called
CC       histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules
CC       each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and
CC       two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of
CC       DNA.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Chromosome.
CC   -!- PTM: Monoubiquitination of Lys-119 gives a specific tag for epigenetic
CC       transcriptional repression. {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- PTM: Phosphorylation on Ser-2 is enhanced during mitosis.
CC       Phosphorylation on Ser-2 directly represses transcription (By
CC       similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone H2A family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; X56335; CAA39773.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   PIR; C56580; C56580.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P21896; -.
DR   SMR; P21896; -.
DR   GO; GO:0000786; C:nucleosome; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0003677; F:DNA binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0046982; F:protein heterodimerization activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0030527; F:structural constituent of chromatin; IEA:InterPro.
DR   CDD; cd00074; H2A; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 1.10.20.10; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR009072; Histone-fold.
DR   InterPro; IPR002119; Histone_H2A.
DR   InterPro; IPR007125; Histone_H2A/H2B/H3.
DR   InterPro; IPR032454; Histone_H2A_C.
DR   InterPro; IPR032458; Histone_H2A_CS.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR23430; PTHR23430; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00125; Histone; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF16211; Histone_H2A_C; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00620; HISTONEH2A.
DR   SMART; SM00414; H2A; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF47113; SSF47113; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00046; HISTONE_H2A; 1.
PE   3: Inferred from homology;
KW   Acetylation; Chromosome; DNA-binding; Isopeptide bond; Nucleosome core;
KW   Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Ubl conjugation.
FT   INIT_MET        1
FT                   /note="Removed"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   CHAIN           2..125
FT                   /note="Histone H2A"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000055216"
FT   REGION          1..21
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   MOD_RES         2
FT                   /note="N-acetylserine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   MOD_RES         2
FT                   /note="Phosphoserine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   CROSSLNK        119
FT                   /note="Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with
FT                   G-Cter in ubiquitin)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
SQ   SEQUENCE   125 AA;  13423 MW;  6341040AA86CABBE CRC64;
     MSGRGKGGKV KAKAKSRSSR AGLQFPVGRI HRLLRKGNYG ERVGAGAPVY LAAVMEYLAA
     EVLELAGNAA RDNKKTRIIP RHLQLAIRND EELNKLLSGV TIAQGGVLPN IQAVLLPKKT
     ESKKA