HDG1_ARATH
ID HDG1_ARATH Reviewed; 808 AA.
AC Q9M2E8; Q9LFW5;
DT 29-APR-2008, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-OCT-2000, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 148.
DE RecName: Full=Homeobox-leucine zipper protein HDG1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:16778018};
DE AltName: Full=HD-ZIP protein HDG1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:16778018};
DE AltName: Full=Homeodomain GLABRA 2-like protein 1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10809443};
DE Short=AtHD-GL2-1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10809443};
DE AltName: Full=Homeodomain transcription factor HDG1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:16778018};
DE AltName: Full=Protein HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS 1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:16778018};
GN Name=HDG1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:16778018};
GN Synonyms=ASK-beta {ECO:0000303|PubMed:9804971},
GN HD-GL2-1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10809443},
GN HDGL2-1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10809443};
GN OrderedLocusNames=At3g61150 {ECO:0000312|Araport:AT3G61150};
GN ORFNames=T20K12.50 {ECO:0000312|EMBL:CAB71045.1};
OS Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis.
OX NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=9804971; DOI=10.1016/s0167-4781(98)00187-0;
RA Tichtinsky G., Tavares R., Takvorian A., Schwebel-Dugue N., Twell D.,
RA Kreis M.;
RT "An evolutionary conserved group of plant GSK-3/shaggy-like protein kinase
RT genes preferentially expressed in developing pollen.";
RL Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1442:261-273(1998).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=11130713; DOI=10.1038/35048706;
RA Salanoubat M., Lemcke K., Rieger M., Ansorge W., Unseld M., Fartmann B.,
RA Valle G., Bloecker H., Perez-Alonso M., Obermaier B., Delseny M.,
RA Boutry M., Grivell L.A., Mache R., Puigdomenech P., De Simone V.,
RA Choisne N., Artiguenave F., Robert C., Brottier P., Wincker P.,
RA Cattolico L., Weissenbach J., Saurin W., Quetier F., Schaefer M.,
RA Mueller-Auer S., Gabel C., Fuchs M., Benes V., Wurmbach E., Drzonek H.,
RA Erfle H., Jordan N., Bangert S., Wiedelmann R., Kranz H., Voss H.,
RA Holland R., Brandt P., Nyakatura G., Vezzi A., D'Angelo M., Pallavicini A.,
RA Toppo S., Simionati B., Conrad A., Hornischer K., Kauer G., Loehnert T.-H.,
RA Nordsiek G., Reichelt J., Scharfe M., Schoen O., Bargues M., Terol J.,
RA Climent J., Navarro P., Collado C., Perez-Perez A., Ottenwaelder B.,
RA Duchemin D., Cooke R., Laudie M., Berger-Llauro C., Purnelle B., Masuy D.,
RA de Haan M., Maarse A.C., Alcaraz J.-P., Cottet A., Casacuberta E.,
RA Monfort A., Argiriou A., Flores M., Liguori R., Vitale D., Mannhaupt G.,
RA Haase D., Schoof H., Rudd S., Zaccaria P., Mewes H.-W., Mayer K.F.X.,
RA Kaul S., Town C.D., Koo H.L., Tallon L.J., Jenkins J., Rooney T., Rizzo M.,
RA Walts A., Utterback T., Fujii C.Y., Shea T.P., Creasy T.H., Haas B.,
RA Maiti R., Wu D., Peterson J., Van Aken S., Pai G., Militscher J.,
RA Sellers P., Gill J.E., Feldblyum T.V., Preuss D., Lin X., Nierman W.C.,
RA Salzberg S.L., White O., Venter J.C., Fraser C.M., Kaneko T., Nakamura Y.,
RA Sato S., Kato T., Asamizu E., Sasamoto S., Kimura T., Idesawa K.,
RA Kawashima K., Kishida Y., Kiyokawa C., Kohara M., Matsumoto M., Matsuno A.,
RA Muraki A., Nakayama S., Nakazaki N., Shinpo S., Takeuchi C., Wada T.,
RA Watanabe A., Yamada M., Yasuda M., Tabata S.;
RT "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 3 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Nature 408:820-822(2000).
RN [3]
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=27862469; DOI=10.1111/tpj.13415;
RA Cheng C.Y., Krishnakumar V., Chan A.P., Thibaud-Nissen F., Schobel S.,
RA Town C.D.;
RT "Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference
RT genome.";
RL Plant J. 89:789-804(2017).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=14593172; DOI=10.1126/science.1088305;
RA Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M.,
RA Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G.,
RA Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G., Miranda M., Quach H.L.,
RA Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C.,
RA Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J.,
RA Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A.,
RA Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C.,
RA Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X.,
RA Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M.,
RA Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K.,
RA Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A.,
RA Ecker J.R.;
RT "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis
RT genome.";
RL Science 302:842-846(2003).
RN [5]
RP GENE FAMILY.
RX PubMed=10809443; DOI=10.1023/a:1006368316413;
RA Tavares R., Aubourg S., Lecharny A., Kreis M.;
RT "Organization and structural evolution of four multigene families in
RT Arabidopsis thaliana: AtLCAD, AtLGT, AtMYST and AtHD-GL2.";
RL Plant Mol. Biol. 42:703-717(2000).
RN [6]
RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY, GENE FAMILY, AND NOMENCLATURE.
RX PubMed=16778018; DOI=10.1104/pp.106.077388;
RA Nakamura M., Katsumata H., Abe M., Yabe N., Komeda Y., Yamamoto K.T.,
RA Takahashi T.;
RT "Characterization of the class IV homeodomain-leucine zipper gene family in
RT Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Physiol. 141:1363-1375(2006).
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, AND INTERACTION WITH CFL1.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=21954461; DOI=10.1105/tpc.111.088625;
RA Wu R., Li S., He S., Wassmann F., Yu C., Qin G., Schreiber L., Qu L.-J.,
RA Gu H.;
RT "CFL1, a WW domain protein, regulates cuticle development by modulating the
RT function of HDG1, a class IV homeodomain transcription factor, in rice and
RT Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Cell 23:3392-3411(2011).
RN [8]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=23590515; DOI=10.1111/tpj.12211;
RA Kamata N., Okada H., Komeda Y., Takahashi T.;
RT "Mutations in epidermis-specific HD-ZIP IV genes affect floral organ
RT identity in Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Plant J. 75:430-440(2013).
RN [9]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, INTERACTION WITH BBM, AND DEVELOPMENTAL
RP STAGE.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=25564655; DOI=10.1242/dev.117168;
RA Horstman A., Fukuoka H., Muino J.M., Nitsch L., Guo C., Passarinho P.,
RA Sanchez-Perez G., Immink R., Angenent G., Boutilier K.;
RT "AIL and HDG proteins act antagonistically to control cell proliferation.";
RL Development 142:454-464(2015).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Probable transcription factor (By similarity). Promotes
CC cuticle development probably by modulating the expression of the
CC downstream genes BDG and FDH, possibly repressed in a CFL1-dependent
CC manner (PubMed:21954461). Involved, together with PDF2, in the
CC regulation of flower organs development by promoting the expression of
CC APETALA 3 (AP3) in the epidermis and internal cell layers of developing
CC flowers (PubMed:23590515). In opposition to BBM, seems to promote cell
CC differentiation and giant cell identity via transcriptionnal repression
CC of meristem and cell proliferation genes (PubMed:25564655).
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q0WV12, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21954461,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:23590515, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25564655}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with CFL1 (PubMed:21954461). Binds with BBM
CC (PubMed:25564655). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21954461,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:25564655}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in trichomes forming at the base of young
CC leaves, in endodermal cell lines around emergent lateral roots and in
CC the epidermal layer of the stamen filament.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16778018}.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: During embryogenesis, first observed at low levels
CC in the embryo protoderm starting at the late globular stage
CC (PubMed:25564655). In primary and lateral roots, observed in the
CC epidermis, the outer layer of columella cells and lateral root cap
CC (PubMed:25564655). Restricted to the epidermal cell layer during floral
CC organ formation (PubMed:23590515). Also present in flower meristems,
CC shoot apical mersitems (SAM) and leaf primordia (PubMed:25564655).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23590515, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25564655}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Defective cuticle phenotypes leading to curly
CC flag leaves and organ fusion (PubMed:21954461). The double mutant pdf2-
CC 1 hdg1-1 exhibits abnormal flowers with sepaloid petals and carpelloid
CC stamens in association with a reduced expression of APETALA 3 (AP3) in
CC the epidermis and internal cell layers of developing flowers
CC (PubMed:23590515). Increased cell division leading to cell
CC overproliferation (PubMed:25564655). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21954461,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:23590515, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25564655}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class IV subfamily.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; AJ224338; CAB45018.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AL137898; CAB71045.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CP002686; AEE80161.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY050866; AAK92803.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AY096757; AAM20391.1; -; mRNA.
DR PIR; T47907; T47907.
DR RefSeq; NP_191674.1; NM_115979.5.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q9M2E8; -.
DR SMR; Q9M2E8; -.
DR BioGRID; 10601; 7.
DR IntAct; Q9M2E8; 10.
DR STRING; 3702.AT3G61150.1; -.
DR iPTMnet; Q9M2E8; -.
DR PaxDb; Q9M2E8; -.
DR PRIDE; Q9M2E8; -.
DR ProteomicsDB; 230313; -.
DR EnsemblPlants; AT3G61150.1; AT3G61150.1; AT3G61150.
DR GeneID; 825287; -.
DR Gramene; AT3G61150.1; AT3G61150.1; AT3G61150.
DR KEGG; ath:AT3G61150; -.
DR Araport; AT3G61150; -.
DR TAIR; locus:2098866; AT3G61150.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502QUAY; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_015002_2_1_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q9M2E8; -.
DR OMA; TEYDENR; -.
DR OrthoDB; 226429at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q9M2E8; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q9M2E8; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000006548; Chromosome 3.
DR ExpressionAtlas; Q9M2E8; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; Q9M2E8; AT.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0003700; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity; ISS:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0000981; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0008289; F:lipid binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0000976; F:transcription cis-regulatory region binding; IPI:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0048497; P:maintenance of floral organ identity; IGI:TAIR.
DR CDD; cd00086; homeodomain; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR042160; GLABRA2/ANL2/PDF2/ATML1-like.
DR InterPro; IPR009057; Homeobox-like_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR017970; Homeobox_CS.
DR InterPro; IPR001356; Homeobox_dom.
DR InterPro; IPR002913; START_lipid-bd_dom.
DR PANTHER; PTHR45654; PTHR45654; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00046; Homeodomain; 1.
DR Pfam; PF01852; START; 1.
DR SMART; SM00389; HOX; 1.
DR SMART; SM00234; START; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF46689; SSF46689; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00027; HOMEOBOX_1; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50071; HOMEOBOX_2; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50848; START; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Coiled coil; DNA-binding; Homeobox; Nucleus; Reference proteome;
KW Transcription; Transcription regulation.
FT CHAIN 1..808
FT /note="Homeobox-leucine zipper protein HDG1"
FT /id="PRO_0000331663"
FT DOMAIN 310..541
FT /note="START"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00197"
FT DNA_BIND 110..169
FT /note="Homeobox"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00108"
FT REGION 57..121
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COILED 158..233
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT COMPBIAS 57..74
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 75..108
FT /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT CONFLICT 597
FT /note="E -> K (in Ref. 1; CAB45018)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ SEQUENCE 808 AA; 88167 MW; E0D768753EEDC7B5 CRC64;
MNFNGFLDDG AGASKLLSDA PYNNHFSFSA VDTMLGSAAI APSQSLPFSS SGLSLGLQTN
GEMSRNGEIM ESNVSRKSSR GEDVESRSES DNAEAVSGDD LDTSDRPLKK KKRYHRHTPK
QIQDLESVFK ECAHPDEKQR LDLSRRLNLD PRQVKFWFQN RRTQMKTQIE RHENALLRQE
NDKLRAENMS VREAMRNPMC GNCGGPAVIG EISMEEQHLR IENSRLKDEL DRVCALTGKF
LGRSNGSHHI PDSALVLGVG VGSGGCNVGG GFTLSSPLLP QASPRFEISN GTGSGLVATV
NRQQPVSVSD FDQRSRYLDL ALAAMDELVK MAQTREPLWV RSSDSGFEVL NQEEYDTSFS
RCVGPKQDGF VSEASKEAGT VIINSLALVE TLMDSERWAE MFPSMVSRTS TTEIISSGMG
GRNGALHLMH AELQLLSPLV PVRQVSFLRF CKQHAEGVWA VVDVSIDSIR EGSSSSCRRL
PSGCLVQDMA NGYSKVTWIE HTEYDENHIH RLYRPLLRCG LAFGAHRWMA ALQRQCECLT
ILMSSTVSTS TNPSPINCNG RKSMLKLAKR MTDNFCGGVC ASSLQKWSKL NVGNVDEDVR
IMTRKSVNNP GEPPGIILNA ATSVWMPVSP RRLFDFLGNE RLRSEWDILS NGGPMKEMAH
IAKGHDRSNS VSLLRASAIN ANQSSMLILQ ETSIDAAGAV VVYAPVDIPA MQAVMNGGDS
AYVALLPSGF AILPNGQAGT QRCAAEERNS IGNGGCMEEG GSLLTVAFQI LVNSLPTAKL
TVESVETVNN LISCTVQKIK AALHCDST
