HEMA_I18A0
ID HEMA_I18A0 Reviewed; 566 AA.
AC Q9WFX3; O10424; O10425; O10426; Q9WFZ1;
DT 13-NOV-2007, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 13-NOV-2007, sequence version 2.
DT 23-FEB-2022, entry version 111.
DE RecName: Full=Hemagglutinin {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072};
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Hemagglutinin HA1 chain {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072};
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Hemagglutinin HA2 chain {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072};
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=HA {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072};
OS Influenza A virus (strain A/Brevig Mission/1/1918 H1N1) (Influenza A virus
OS (strain A/South Carolina/1/1918 H1N1)).
OC Viruses; Riboviria; Orthornavirae; Negarnaviricota; Polyploviricotina;
OC Insthoviricetes; Articulavirales; Orthomyxoviridae; Alphainfluenzavirus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=88776;
OH NCBI_TaxID=8782; Aves.
OH NCBI_TaxID=9606; Homo sapiens (Human).
OH NCBI_TaxID=9823; Sus scrofa (Pig).
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA].
RC STRAIN=A/South Carolina/1/1918;
RX PubMed=9065404; DOI=10.1126/science.275.5307.1793;
RA Taubenberger J.K., Reid A.H., Krafft A.E., Bijwaard K.E., Fanning T.G.;
RT "Initial genetic characterization of the 1918 'Spanish' influenza virus.";
RL Science 275:1793-1796(1997).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA], AND NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 1-406.
RC STRAIN=A/South Carolina/1/1918;
RX PubMed=9990079; DOI=10.1073/pnas.96.4.1651;
RA Reid A.H., Fanning T.G., Hultin J.V., Taubenberger J.K.;
RT "Origin and evolution of the 1918 'Spanish' influenza virus hemagglutinin
RT gene.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96:1651-1656(1999).
RN [3]
RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.9 ANGSTROMS) OF 14-339.
RC STRAIN=A/South Carolina/1/1918;
RX PubMed=14764886; DOI=10.1126/science.1093155;
RA Gamblin S.J., Haire L.F., Russell R.J., Stevens D.J., Xiao B., Ha Y.,
RA Vasisht N., Steinhauer D.A., Daniels R.S., Elliot A., Wiley D.C.,
RA Skehel J.J.;
RT "The structure and receptor binding properties of the 1918 influenza
RT hemagglutinin.";
RL Science 303:1838-1842(2004).
RN [4]
RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (3.0 ANGSTROMS) OF 18-344.
RC STRAIN=A/South Carolina/1/1918;
RX PubMed=14764887; DOI=10.1126/science.1093373;
RA Stevens J., Corper A.L., Basler C.F., Taubenberger J.K., Palese P.,
RA Wilson I.A.;
RT "Structure of the uncleaved human H1 hemagglutinin from the extinct 1918
RT influenza virus.";
RL Science 303:1866-1870(2004).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell
CC surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the
CC cell. This attachment induces virion internalization either through
CC clathrin-dependent endocytosis or through clathrin- and caveolin-
CC independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host
CC range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein.
CC Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by
CC mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle
CC with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an
CC irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion
CC hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent
CC fusion pore. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homotrimer of disulfide-linked HA1-HA2. Interacts with human
CC CACNA1C. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q289M7}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04072}; Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04072}. Host apical cell membrane {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04072}; Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04072}. Note=Targeted to the apical plasma membrane in
CC epithelial polarized cells through a signal present in the
CC transmembrane domain. Associated with glycosphingolipid- and
CC cholesterol-enriched detergent-resistant lipid rafts.
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072}.
CC -!- PTM: Palmitoylated. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072}.
CC -!- PTM: In natural infection, inactive HA is matured into HA1 and HA2
CC outside the cell by one or more trypsin-like, arginine-specific
CC endoprotease secreted by the bronchial epithelial cells. One identified
CC protease that may be involved in this process is secreted in lungs by
CC Clara cells. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Major glycoprotein, comprises over 80% of the envelope
CC proteins present in virus particle.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The extent of infection into host organism is determined
CC by HA. Influenza viruses bud from the apical surface of polarized
CC epithelial cells (e.g. bronchial epithelial cells) into lumen of lungs
CC and are therefore usually pneumotropic. The reason is that HA is
CC cleaved by tryptase clara which is restricted to lungs. However, HAs of
CC H5 and H7 pantropic avian viruses subtypes can be cleaved by furin and
CC subtilisin-type enzymes, allowing the virus to grow in other organs
CC than lungs.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The influenza A genome consist of 8 RNA segments.
CC Genetic variation of hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase genes results
CC in the emergence of new influenza strains. The mechanism of variation
CC can be the result of point mutations or the result of genetic
CC reassortment between segments of two different strains.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: South Carolina isolate has been sequenced from formalid
CC fixed-lung tissues of a 21-year-old male which died in 1918 at Ft.
CC Jackson, SC. Brevig Mission isolate has been sequenced from lung
CC tissues of an Inuit woman buried in the permafrost in a gravesite near
CC Brevig Mission, Alaska. This sample was recovered by John Hultin,
CC retired pathologist. {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the influenza viruses hemagglutinin family.
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072}.
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DR EMBL; AF117241; AAD17229.1; -; Genomic_RNA.
DR EMBL; AF116575; AAD17218.1; -; mRNA.
DR PDB; 1RD8; X-ray; 3.00 A; A/C/E=18-344, B/D/F=345-520.
DR PDB; 1RUZ; X-ray; 2.90 A; H/J/L=14-339, I/K/M=345-504.
DR PDB; 2WRG; X-ray; 3.00 A; H/J/L=18-343, I/K/M=345-566.
DR PDB; 3GBN; X-ray; 2.20 A; A=18-344, B=345-520.
DR PDB; 3LZF; X-ray; 2.80 A; A=18-344, B=345-520.
DR PDB; 3R2X; X-ray; 3.10 A; A=18-344, B=345-520.
DR PDB; 4EEF; X-ray; 2.70 A; A/C/E=18-344, B/D/F=345-520.
DR PDB; 4GXU; X-ray; 3.29 A; A/C/E/G/I/K=18-344, B/D/F/H/J/L=345-520.
DR PDB; 4GXX; X-ray; 1.80 A; A/C/E=18-344, B/D/F=345-520.
DR PDB; 4JUG; X-ray; 2.70 A; A/C/E/G/I/K=18-339, B/D/F/H/J/L=345-514.
DR PDB; 4JUH; X-ray; 2.80 A; A/C/E=18-339, B/D/F=345-514.
DR PDB; 4JUJ; X-ray; 3.01 A; A/C/E=18-339, B/D/F=345-514.
DR PDB; 4PY8; X-ray; 2.91 A; A=18-344, B=345-520.
DR PDB; 5VMG; X-ray; 2.45 A; B/D/F=345-529.
DR PDB; 5VMJ; X-ray; 2.95 A; B/D/F=345-529.
DR PDBsum; 1RD8; -.
DR PDBsum; 1RUZ; -.
DR PDBsum; 2WRG; -.
DR PDBsum; 3GBN; -.
DR PDBsum; 3LZF; -.
DR PDBsum; 3R2X; -.
DR PDBsum; 4EEF; -.
DR PDBsum; 4GXU; -.
DR PDBsum; 4GXX; -.
DR PDBsum; 4JUG; -.
DR PDBsum; 4JUH; -.
DR PDBsum; 4JUJ; -.
DR PDBsum; 4PY8; -.
DR PDBsum; 5VMG; -.
DR PDBsum; 5VMJ; -.
DR SMR; Q9WFX3; -.
DR UniLectin; Q9WFX3; -.
DR ABCD; Q9WFX3; 9 sequenced antibodies.
DR EvolutionaryTrace; Q9WFX3; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q9WFX3; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000008430; Genome.
DR GO; GO:0020002; C:host cell plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0019031; C:viral envelope; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0055036; C:virion membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0046789; F:host cell surface receptor binding; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0075512; P:clathrin-dependent endocytosis of virus by host cell; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0039654; P:fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0019064; P:fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0046761; P:viral budding from plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0019062; P:virion attachment to host cell; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR Gene3D; 3.90.209.20; -; 1.
DR HAMAP; MF_04072; INFV_HEMA; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR008980; Capsid_hemagglutn.
DR InterPro; IPR013828; Hemagglutn_HA1_a/b_dom_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR000149; Hemagglutn_influenz_A.
DR InterPro; IPR001364; Hemagglutn_influenz_A/B.
DR Pfam; PF00509; Hemagglutinin; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR00330; HEMAGGLUTN1.
DR PRINTS; PR00329; HEMAGGLUTN12.
DR SUPFAM; SSF49818; SSF49818; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW 3D-structure;
KW Clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytosis of virus by host;
KW Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of virus by host; Disulfide bond;
KW Fusion of virus membrane with host endosomal membrane;
KW Fusion of virus membrane with host membrane; Glycoprotein; Hemagglutinin;
KW Host cell membrane; Host membrane; Host-virus interaction; Lipoprotein;
KW Membrane; Palmitate; Signal; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix;
KW Viral attachment to host cell; Viral envelope protein;
KW Viral penetration into host cytoplasm; Virion; Virus endocytosis by host;
KW Virus entry into host cell.
FT SIGNAL 1..17
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT CHAIN 18..566
FT /note="Hemagglutinin"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT /id="PRO_0000440372"
FT CHAIN 18..343
FT /note="Hemagglutinin HA1 chain"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT /id="PRO_0000310563"
FT CHAIN 345..566
FT /note="Hemagglutinin HA2 chain"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT /id="PRO_0000310564"
FT TOPO_DOM 18..529
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT TRANSMEM 530..550
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT TOPO_DOM 551..566
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT SITE 344..345
FT /note="Cleavage; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT LIPID 555
FT /note="S-palmitoyl cysteine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT LIPID 562
FT /note="S-palmitoyl cysteine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT LIPID 565
FT /note="S-palmitoyl cysteine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT CARBOHYD 27
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT CARBOHYD 28
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT CARBOHYD 40
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT CARBOHYD 104
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT CARBOHYD 304
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT CARBOHYD 498
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT DISULFID 21..481
FT /note="Interchain (between HA1 and HA2 chains)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT DISULFID 59..292
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT DISULFID 72..84
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT DISULFID 107..153
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT DISULFID 296..320
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT DISULFID 488..492
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT STRAND 18..25
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 31..33
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3LZF"
FT STRAND 39..44
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 46..48
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 56..61
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 67..70
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT HELIX 74..79
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT HELIX 82..87
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 94..98
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 108..110
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4JUG"
FT HELIX 115..122
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 125..134
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT TURN 136..138
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 143..147
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4JUG"
FT STRAND 150..155
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 158..160
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 163..167
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 171..173
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3GBN"
FT STRAND 178..183
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 186..188
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 190..198
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT HELIX 202..209
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 216..219
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 224..227
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 237..239
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3GBN"
FT STRAND 240..251
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 256..263
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 265..268
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 270..276
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 282..284
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 289..297
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 301..303
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3GBN"
FT STRAND 308..310
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 316..320
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 330..332
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 336..338
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1RD8"
FT TURN 341..346
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1RD8"
FT TURN 351..353
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 358..360
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1RUZ"
FT STRAND 365..372
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 375..380
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT HELIX 382..402
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 406..409
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT HELIX 416..418
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXU"
FT HELIX 419..470
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT HELIX 471..473
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 474..476
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT STRAND 478..486
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT HELIX 490..497
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
FT HELIX 503..513
FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4GXX"
SQ SEQUENCE 566 AA; 62866 MW; 5A292C3386E0F96B CRC64;
MEARLLVLLC AFAATNADTI CIGYHANNST DTVDTVLEKN VTVTHSVNLL EDSHNGKLCK
LKGIAPLQLG KCNIAGWLLG NPECDLLLTA SSWSYIVETS NSENGTCYPG DFIDYEELRE
QLSSVSSFEK FEIFPKTSSW PNHETTKGVT AACSYAGASS FYRNLLWLTK KGSSYPKLSK
SYVNNKGKEV LVLWGVHHPP TGTDQQSLYQ NADAYVSVGS SKYNRRFTPE IAARPKVRDQ
AGRMNYYWTL LEPGDTITFE ATGNLIAPWY AFALNRGSGS GIITSDAPVH DCNTKCQTPH
GAINSSLPFQ NIHPVTIGEC PKYVRSTKLR MATGLRNIPS IQSRGLFGAI AGFIEGGWTG
MIDGWYGYHH QNEQGSGYAA DQKSTQNAID GITNKVNSVI EKMNTQFTAV GKEFNNLERR
IENLNKKVDD GFLDIWTYNA ELLVLLENER TLDFHDSNVR NLYEKVKSQL KNNAKEIGNG
CFEFYHKCDD ACMESVRNGT YDYPKYSEES KLNREEIDGV KLESMGVYQI LAIYSTVASS
LVLLVSLGAI SFWMCSNGSL QCRICI
