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HEMA_I75A2
ID   HEMA_I75A2              Reviewed;         550 AA.
AC   P43257;
DT   01-NOV-1995, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-NOV-1995, sequence version 1.
DT   07-OCT-2020, entry version 105.
DE   RecName: Full=Hemagglutinin {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072};
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Hemagglutinin HA1 chain {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072};
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Hemagglutinin HA2 chain {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072};
DE   Flags: Precursor; Fragment;
GN   Name=HA {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072};
OS   Influenza A virus (strain A/Duck/Hong Kong/7/1975 H3N2).
OC   Viruses; Riboviria; Orthornavirae; Negarnaviricota; Polyploviricotina;
OC   Insthoviricetes; Articulavirales; Orthomyxoviridae; Alphainfluenzavirus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=352551;
OH   NCBI_TaxID=8782; Aves.
OH   NCBI_TaxID=9606; Homo sapiens (Human).
OH   NCBI_TaxID=9761; Mysticeti (baleen whales).
OH   NCBI_TaxID=9709; Phocidae (true seals).
OH   NCBI_TaxID=9823; Sus scrofa (Pig).
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA].
RX   PubMed=1875195; DOI=10.1099/0022-1317-72-8-2007;
RA   Yasuda J., Shortridge K.F., Shimizu Y., Kida H.;
RT   "Molecular evidence for a role of domestic ducks in the introduction of
RT   avian H3 influenza viruses to pigs in southern China, where the A/Hong
RT   Kong/68 (H3N2) strain emerged.";
RL   J. Gen. Virol. 72:2007-2010(1991).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell
CC       surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the
CC       cell. This attachment induces virion internalization either through
CC       clathrin-dependent endocytosis or through clathrin- and caveolin-
CC       independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host
CC       range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein.
CC       Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by
CC       mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle
CC       with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an
CC       irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion
CC       hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent
CC       fusion pore. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Homotrimer of disulfide-linked HA1-HA2. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC       Rule:MF_04072}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC       Rule:MF_04072}; Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC       Rule:MF_04072}. Host apical cell membrane {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC       Rule:MF_04072}; Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC       Rule:MF_04072}. Note=Targeted to the apical plasma membrane in
CC       epithelial polarized cells through a signal present in the
CC       transmembrane domain. Associated with glycosphingolipid- and
CC       cholesterol-enriched detergent-resistant lipid rafts.
CC       {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072}.
CC   -!- PTM: Palmitoylated. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072}.
CC   -!- PTM: In natural infection, inactive HA is matured into HA1 and HA2
CC       outside the cell by one or more trypsin-like, arginine-specific
CC       endoprotease secreted by the bronchial epithelial cells. One identified
CC       protease that may be involved in this process is secreted in lungs by
CC       Clara cells. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072}.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Major glycoprotein, comprises over 80% of the envelope
CC       proteins present in virus particle.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The extent of infection into host organism is determined
CC       by HA. Influenza viruses bud from the apical surface of polarized
CC       epithelial cells (e.g. bronchial epithelial cells) into lumen of lungs
CC       and are therefore usually pneumotropic. The reason is that HA is
CC       cleaved by tryptase clara which is restricted to lungs. However, HAs of
CC       H5 and H7 pantropic avian viruses subtypes can be cleaved by furin and
CC       subtilisin-type enzymes, allowing the virus to grow in other organs
CC       than lungs.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The influenza A genome consist of 8 RNA segments.
CC       Genetic variation of hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase genes results
CC       in the emergence of new influenza strains. The mechanism of variation
CC       can be the result of point mutations or the result of genetic
CC       reassortment between segments of two different strains.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the influenza viruses hemagglutinin family.
CC       {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072}.
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DR   EMBL; D00929; BAA00769.1; -; Genomic_RNA.
DR   SMR; P43257; -.
DR   GO; GO:0020002; C:host cell plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0019031; C:viral envelope; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0055036; C:virion membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0046789; F:host cell surface receptor binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0075512; P:clathrin-dependent endocytosis of virus by host cell; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0039654; P:fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0019064; P:fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0019062; P:virion attachment to host cell; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   Gene3D; 3.90.209.20; -; 1.
DR   HAMAP; MF_04072; INFV_HEMA; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR008980; Capsid_hemagglutn.
DR   InterPro; IPR013828; Hemagglutn_HA1_a/b_dom_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR000149; Hemagglutn_influenz_A.
DR   InterPro; IPR001364; Hemagglutn_influenz_A/B.
DR   Pfam; PF00509; Hemagglutinin; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00330; HEMAGGLUTN1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00329; HEMAGGLUTN12.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF49818; SSF49818; 1.
PE   3: Inferred from homology;
KW   Clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytosis of virus by host;
KW   Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of virus by host; Disulfide bond;
KW   Fusion of virus membrane with host endosomal membrane;
KW   Fusion of virus membrane with host membrane; Glycoprotein; Hemagglutinin;
KW   Host cell membrane; Host membrane; Host-virus interaction; Lipoprotein;
KW   Membrane; Palmitate; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix;
KW   Viral attachment to host cell; Viral envelope protein;
KW   Viral penetration into host cytoplasm; Virion; Virus endocytosis by host;
KW   Virus entry into host cell.
FT   CHAIN           1..328
FT                   /note="Hemagglutinin HA1 chain"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000038930"
FT   CHAIN           11..329
FT                   /note="Hemagglutinin HA1 chain"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000440837"
FT   CHAIN           330..550
FT                   /note="Hemagglutinin HA2 chain"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000038931"
FT   TOPO_DOM        1..514
FT                   /note="Extracellular"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   TRANSMEM        515..535
FT                   /note="Helical"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   TOPO_DOM        536..550
FT                   /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   SITE            329..330
FT                   /note="Cleavage; by host"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   LIPID           539
FT                   /note="S-palmitoyl cysteine; by host"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   LIPID           546
FT                   /note="S-palmitoyl cysteine; by host"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   LIPID           549
FT                   /note="S-palmitoyl cysteine; by host"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   CARBOHYD        8
FT                   /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   CARBOHYD        22
FT                   /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   CARBOHYD        38
FT                   /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   CARBOHYD        165
FT                   /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   CARBOHYD        285
FT                   /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   CARBOHYD        483
FT                   /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   DISULFID        14..466
FT                   /note="Interchain (between HA1 and HA2 chains)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   DISULFID        52..277
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   DISULFID        64..76
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   DISULFID        97..139
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   DISULFID        281..305
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   DISULFID        473..477
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT   NON_TER         1
SQ   SEQUENCE   550 AA;  61549 MW;  864639B829FE1BA9 CRC64;
     QDLPGNDNST ATLCLGHHAV PNGTIVKTIT DDQIEVTNAT ELVQSSSTGK ICNNPHKILD
     GRDCTLIDAL LGDPHCDVFQ DETWDLFVER GNAFSSCYPY DVPDYASLRS LVASSGTLEF
     ITEGFTWTGV TQNGGSSACK RGPASGFFSR LNWLTKSGST YPVLNVTMPN NDNFDKLYIW
     GVHHPSTNQE QTNLYVQASG RVTVSTRRSQ QTIIPNIGSR PWVRGQSGRI SIYWTIVKPG
     DVLVINSNGN LIAPRGYFKM RTGKSSIMRS DAPIDTCVSE CITPNGSIPN DKPFQNVNKI
     TYGACPKYVK QNSLKLATGM RNVPEKQTRG LFGAIAGFIE NGWEGMIDGW YGFRHQNSEG
     TGQAADLKST QAAIDQINGK LNRVIKKTNE KFHQIEKEFS EVEGRIQDLE KYVEDTKIDL
     WSYNADVLVA LENQHTIDLT DSEMNKLFEK TRRQLRENAE DMGNGCFKIY HKCDNACIES
     IRNGTYDHDI YRDEALNNRF QIKGVELKSG YKDWILWISF AISCFLLCVV LLGFIMWACQ
     RGNIRCNICI
 
 
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