HEMA_I79A0
ID HEMA_I79A0 Reviewed; 550 AA.
AC P03441; Q83961; Q83962; Q9PY85;
DT 21-JUL-1986, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 06-MAR-2007, sequence version 3.
DT 02-DEC-2020, entry version 114.
DE RecName: Full=Hemagglutinin {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072};
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Hemagglutinin HA1 chain {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072};
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Hemagglutinin HA2 chain {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072};
DE Flags: Precursor; Fragment;
GN Name=HA {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072};
OS Influenza A virus (strain A/Bangkok/1/1979 H3N2).
OC Viruses; Riboviria; Orthornavirae; Negarnaviricota; Polyploviricotina;
OC Insthoviricetes; Articulavirales; Orthomyxoviridae; Alphainfluenzavirus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=385630;
OH NCBI_TaxID=8782; Aves.
OH NCBI_TaxID=9721; Cetacea (whales).
OH NCBI_TaxID=9606; Homo sapiens (Human).
OH NCBI_TaxID=9709; Phocidae (true seals).
OH NCBI_TaxID=9823; Sus scrofa (Pig).
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA].
RX PubMed=6169840; DOI=10.1128/jvi.39.3.663-672.1981;
RA Both G.W., Sleigh M.J.;
RT "Conservation and variation in the hemagglutinins of Hong Kong subtype
RT influenza viruses during antigenic drift.";
RL J. Virol. 39:663-672(1981).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 17-347.
RX PubMed=10859378; DOI=10.1099/0022-1317-81-7-1727;
RA Kostolansky F., Vareckova E., Betakova T., Mucha V., Russ G., Wharton S.A.;
RT "The strong positive correlation between effective affinity and infectivity
RT neutralization of highly cross-reactive monoclonal antibody IIB4, which
RT recognizes antigenic site B on influenza A virus haemagglutinin.";
RL J. Gen. Virol. 81:1727-1735(2000).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell
CC surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the
CC cell. This attachment induces virion internalization either through
CC clathrin-dependent endocytosis or through clathrin- and caveolin-
CC independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host
CC range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein.
CC Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by
CC mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle
CC with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an
CC irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion
CC hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent
CC fusion pore. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homotrimer of disulfide-linked HA1-HA2. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04072}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04072}; Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04072}. Host apical cell membrane {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04072}; Single-pass type I membrane protein {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04072}. Note=Targeted to the apical plasma membrane in
CC epithelial polarized cells through a signal present in the
CC transmembrane domain. Associated with glycosphingolipid- and
CC cholesterol-enriched detergent-resistant lipid rafts.
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072}.
CC -!- PTM: Palmitoylated. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072}.
CC -!- PTM: In natural infection, inactive HA is matured into HA1 and HA2
CC outside the cell by one or more trypsin-like, arginine-specific
CC endoprotease secreted by the bronchial epithelial cells. One identified
CC protease that may be involved in this process is secreted in lungs by
CC Clara cells. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Major glycoprotein, comprises over 80% of the envelope
CC proteins present in virus particle.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The extent of infection into host organism is determined
CC by HA. Influenza viruses bud from the apical surface of polarized
CC epithelial cells (e.g. bronchial epithelial cells) into lumen of lungs
CC and are therefore usually pneumotropic. The reason is that HA is
CC cleaved by tryptase clara which is restricted to lungs. However, HAs of
CC H5 and H7 pantropic avian viruses subtypes can be cleaved by furin and
CC subtilisin-type enzymes, allowing the virus to grow in other organs
CC than lungs.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The influenza A genome consist of 8 RNA segments.
CC Genetic variation of hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase genes results
CC in the emergence of new influenza strains. The mechanism of variation
CC can be the result of point mutations or the result of genetic
CC reassortment between segments of two different strains.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the influenza viruses hemagglutinin family.
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072}.
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DR EMBL; J02092; AAA43182.1; -; Genomic_RNA.
DR EMBL; AF201843; AAF18090.1; -; mRNA.
DR GO; GO:0020002; C:host cell plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0019031; C:viral envelope; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0055036; C:virion membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0046789; F:host cell surface receptor binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0075512; P:clathrin-dependent endocytosis of virus by host cell; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0039654; P:fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0019064; P:fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0019062; P:virion attachment to host cell; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR Gene3D; 3.90.209.20; -; 1.
DR HAMAP; MF_04072; INFV_HEMA; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR008980; Capsid_hemagglutn.
DR InterPro; IPR013828; Hemagglutn_HA1_a/b_dom_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR000149; Hemagglutn_influenz_A.
DR InterPro; IPR001364; Hemagglutn_influenz_A/B.
DR Pfam; PF00509; Hemagglutinin; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR00330; HEMAGGLUTN1.
DR PRINTS; PR00329; HEMAGGLUTN12.
DR SUPFAM; SSF49818; SSF49818; 1.
PE 2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW Clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytosis of virus by host;
KW Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of virus by host; Disulfide bond;
KW Fusion of virus membrane with host endosomal membrane;
KW Fusion of virus membrane with host membrane; Glycoprotein; Hemagglutinin;
KW Host cell membrane; Host membrane; Host-virus interaction; Lipoprotein;
KW Membrane; Palmitate; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix;
KW Viral attachment to host cell; Viral envelope protein;
KW Viral penetration into host cytoplasm; Virion; Virus endocytosis by host;
KW Virus entry into host cell.
FT CHAIN 1..329
FT /note="Hemagglutinin HA1 chain"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT /id="PRO_0000440843"
FT CHAIN 330..550
FT /note="Hemagglutinin HA2 chain"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT /id="PRO_0000038888"
FT TOPO_DOM 1..514
FT /note="Extracellular"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT TRANSMEM 515..535
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT TOPO_DOM 536..550
FT /note="Cytoplasmic"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT SITE 329..330
FT /note="Cleavage; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT LIPID 539
FT /note="S-palmitoyl cysteine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT LIPID 546
FT /note="S-palmitoyl cysteine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT LIPID 549
FT /note="S-palmitoyl cysteine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT CARBOHYD 8
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT CARBOHYD 22
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT CARBOHYD 38
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT CARBOHYD 63
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT CARBOHYD 126
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT CARBOHYD 165
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT CARBOHYD 285
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT CARBOHYD 483
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT DISULFID 14..466
FT /note="Interchain (between HA1 and HA2 chains)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT DISULFID 52..277
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT DISULFID 64..76
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT DISULFID 97..139
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT DISULFID 281..305
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT DISULFID 473..477
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072"
FT CONFLICT 145
FT /note="N -> K (in Ref. 2; AAF18090)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 213
FT /note="I -> V (in Ref. 2; AAF18090)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 333
FT /note="G -> V (in Ref. 2; AAF18090)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT NON_TER 1
SQ SEQUENCE 550 AA; 61695 MW; FBD2EC2006847DE5 CRC64;
QNLPGNDNST ATLCLGHHAV PNGTLVKTIT NDQIEVTNAT ELVQSSSTGR ICDSPHRILD
GKNCTLIDAL LGDPHCDGFQ NEKWDLFVER SKAFSNCYPY DVPDYASLRS LVASSGTLEF
INEGFNWTGV TQSGGSYACK RGSDNSFFSR LNWLYESESK YPVLNVTMPN NGNFDKLYIW
GVHHPSTDKE QTNLYVRASG RVTVSTKRSQ QTIIPNIGSR PWVRGLSSRI SIYWTIVKPG
DILLINSNGN LIAPRGYFKI RTGKSSIMRS DAPIGTCSSE CITPNGSIPN DKPXQNVNKI
TYGACPKYVK QNTLKLATGM RNVPEKQTRG IFGAIAGFIE NGWEGMXXGW YGFRHQNSEG
TGQAADLKST QAAIDQINGK LNRVIEKTNE KFHQIEKEFS EVEGRIQDLE KYVEDTKIDL
WSYNAELLVA LENQHTIDLT DSEMNKLFEK TRRQLRENAE DMGNGCFKIY HKCDNACIGS
IRNGTYDHDV YRDEALNNRF QIKGVELKXG YKDWILWISF AISCFLLCVV LLGFIMVXCQ
KGNIRCNICI
