HEMA_INBGL
ID HEMA_INBGL Reviewed; 363 AA.
AC P12442;
DT 01-OCT-1989, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-OCT-1989, sequence version 1.
DT 25-MAY-2022, entry version 97.
DE RecName: Full=Hemagglutinin;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Hemagglutinin HA1 chain;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Hemagglutinin HA2 chain;
DE Flags: Precursor; Fragment;
GN Name=HA;
OS Influenza B virus (strain B/GL/1954).
OC Viruses; Riboviria; Orthornavirae; Negarnaviricota; Polyploviricotina;
OC Insthoviricetes; Articulavirales; Orthomyxoviridae; Betainfluenzavirus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=11530;
OH NCBI_TaxID=9606; Homo sapiens (Human).
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA].
RX PubMed=3267218; DOI=10.1016/0042-6822(88)90238-3;
RA Yamashita M., Krystal M., Fitch W.M., Palese P.;
RT "Influenza B virus evolution: co-circulating lineages and comparison of
RT evolutionary pattern with those of influenza A and C viruses.";
RL Virology 163:112-122(1988).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell
CC surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the
CC cell. Plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction
CC and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein. Responsible for
CC penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by mediating the
CC fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle with the
CC endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induce an irreversible
CC conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion hydrophobic peptide.
CC Several trimers are required to form a competent fusion pore.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homotrimer of disulfide-linked HA1-HA2.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane {ECO:0000305}; Single-pass type I
CC membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. Host apical cell membrane; Single-pass
CC type I membrane protein. Note=Targeted to the apical plasma membrane in
CC epithelial polarized cells through a signal present in the
CC transmembrane domain. Associated with glycosphingolipid- and
CC cholesterol-enriched detergent-resistant lipid rafts.
CC -!- PTM: In natural infection, inactive HA is matured into HA1 and HA2
CC outside the cell by one or more trypsin-like, arginine-specific
CC endoprotease secreted by the bronchial epithelial cells. One identified
CC protease that may be involved in this process is secreted in lungs by
CC Clara cells (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- PTM: Palmitoylated. {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Major glycoprotein, comprises over 80% of the envelope
CC proteins present in virus particle.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The extent of infection into host organism is determined
CC by HA. Influenza viruses bud from the apical surface of polarized
CC epithelial cells (e.g. bronchial epithelial cells) into lumen of lungs
CC and are therefore usually pneumotropic. The reason is that HA is
CC cleaved by tryptase clara which is restricted to lungs. However, HAs of
CC H5 and H7 pantropic avian viruses subtypes can be cleaved by furin and
CC subtilisin-type enzymes, allowing the virus to grow in other organs
CC than lungs.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The influenza B genome consist of 8 RNA segments.
CC Genetic variation of hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase genes results
CC in the emergence of new influenza strains. The mechanism of variation
CC can be the result of point mutations or the result of genetic
CC reassortment between segments of two different strains.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the influenza viruses hemagglutinin family.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; M22947; AAA43694.1; -; Genomic_RNA.
DR SMR; P12442; -.
DR GO; GO:0020002; C:host cell plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0019031; C:viral envelope; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0055036; C:virion membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0046789; F:host cell surface receptor binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0039654; P:fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0019064; P:fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0046718; P:viral entry into host cell; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0019062; P:virion attachment to host cell; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR Gene3D; 3.90.209.20; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR008980; Capsid_hemagglutn.
DR InterPro; IPR013828; Hemagglutn_HA1_a/b_dom_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR001364; Hemagglutn_influenz_A/B.
DR Pfam; PF00509; Hemagglutinin; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF49818; SSF49818; 1.
PE 3: Inferred from homology;
KW Disulfide bond; Fusion of virus membrane with host endosomal membrane;
KW Fusion of virus membrane with host membrane; Glycoprotein; Hemagglutinin;
KW Host cell membrane; Host membrane; Host-virus interaction; Lipoprotein;
KW Membrane; Palmitate; Signal; Transmembrane; Viral attachment to host cell;
KW Viral envelope protein; Viral penetration into host cytoplasm; Virion;
KW Virus entry into host cell.
FT SIGNAL <1..11
FT CHAIN 12..354
FT /note="Hemagglutinin HA1 chain"
FT /id="PRO_0000039104"
FT CHAIN 356..>363
FT /note="Hemagglutinin HA2 chain"
FT /id="PRO_0000039105"
FT CARBOHYD 36
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CARBOHYD 70
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CARBOHYD 156
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CARBOHYD 174
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CARBOHYD 205
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CARBOHYD 241
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CARBOHYD 312
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CARBOHYD 341
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT NON_TER 1
FT NON_TER 363
SQ SEQUENCE 363 AA; 39123 MW; 03D22AB82713CC48 CRC64;
IVLLMVVTSN ADRICTGITS SNSPHVVKTA TQGEVNVTGV IPLTTTPTKS HFANLKGTQT
RGKLCPNCLN CTDLDVALGR PKCMGTIPSA KVSILHEAKP VTSGCFPIMH DRTKIRQLPN
LLRGYENIRL STSDVINAET APGGPYTVGT SGSCPNITNG EGFFETMAWA IPKNKTAMNP
LTVEVPYICT KGEDQITVWG FHSDNETQMV ILYGDSKPQK FTSSANGVTT HYVSQIGGFP
NQTEDEGLKQ SGRIVVDYIV QKPGKTGTIV YQRGVLLPQK VWCASGRSKV IKGSLPLIGE
ADCLHEKYGG LNKSKPYYTG EHAKAIGNCP IWVKTPLKLA NGTKYRPPAK LLKERGFFGA
IAG
