HGL2_ARATH
ID HGL2_ARATH Reviewed; 747 AA.
AC P46607; Q39018; Q9C5F1;
DT 01-NOV-1995, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 15-MAY-2007, sequence version 3.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 162.
DE RecName: Full=Homeobox-leucine zipper protein GLABRA 2 {ECO:0000305};
DE Short=Protein GLABRA2 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:7926739};
DE AltName: Full=HD-ZIP protein ATHB-10 {ECO:0000305};
DE AltName: Full=Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-10 {ECO:0000305};
GN Name=GL2 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:7926739};
GN Synonyms=ATHB10 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:8811855};
GN OrderedLocusNames=At1g79840 {ECO:0000312|Araport:AT1G79840};
GN ORFNames=F19K16.20 {ECO:0000312|EMBL:AAG52245.1};
OS Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis.
OX NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND
RP DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RC STRAIN=cv. Wassilewskija; TISSUE=Seedling;
RX PubMed=7926739; DOI=10.1101/gad.8.12.1388;
RA Rerie W.G., Feldmann K.A., Marks M.D.;
RT "The GLABRA2 gene encodes a homeo domain protein required for normal
RT trichome development in Arabidopsis.";
RL Genes Dev. 8:1388-1399(1994).
RN [2]
RP SEQUENCE REVISION.
RA Marks M.D.;
RL Submitted (NOV-1996) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND FUNCTION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=8811855; DOI=10.1046/j.1365-313x.1996.10030393.x;
RA di Cristina M., Sessa G., Dolan L., Linstead P., Baima S., Ruberti I.,
RA Morelli G.;
RT "The Arabidopsis Athb-10 (GLABRA2) is an HD-Zip protein required for
RT regulation of root hair development.";
RL Plant J. 10:393-402(1996).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RA Sessa G., Carabelli M., Ciarbelli A.R., Ruzza V., Steindler C., Ruberti I.;
RT "Nucleotide sequence of the Arabidopsis ATHB-10/GL2 mRNA, encoding an HD-
RT Zip IV protein.";
RL Submitted (APR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=11130712; DOI=10.1038/35048500;
RA Theologis A., Ecker J.R., Palm C.J., Federspiel N.A., Kaul S., White O.,
RA Alonso J., Altafi H., Araujo R., Bowman C.L., Brooks S.Y., Buehler E.,
RA Chan A., Chao Q., Chen H., Cheuk R.F., Chin C.W., Chung M.K., Conn L.,
RA Conway A.B., Conway A.R., Creasy T.H., Dewar K., Dunn P., Etgu P.,
RA Feldblyum T.V., Feng J.-D., Fong B., Fujii C.Y., Gill J.E., Goldsmith A.D.,
RA Haas B., Hansen N.F., Hughes B., Huizar L., Hunter J.L., Jenkins J.,
RA Johnson-Hopson C., Khan S., Khaykin E., Kim C.J., Koo H.L.,
RA Kremenetskaia I., Kurtz D.B., Kwan A., Lam B., Langin-Hooper S., Lee A.,
RA Lee J.M., Lenz C.A., Li J.H., Li Y.-P., Lin X., Liu S.X., Liu Z.A.,
RA Luros J.S., Maiti R., Marziali A., Militscher J., Miranda M., Nguyen M.,
RA Nierman W.C., Osborne B.I., Pai G., Peterson J., Pham P.K., Rizzo M.,
RA Rooney T., Rowley D., Sakano H., Salzberg S.L., Schwartz J.R., Shinn P.,
RA Southwick A.M., Sun H., Tallon L.J., Tambunga G., Toriumi M.J., Town C.D.,
RA Utterback T., Van Aken S., Vaysberg M., Vysotskaia V.S., Walker M., Wu D.,
RA Yu G., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C., Davis R.W.;
RT "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Nature 408:816-820(2000).
RN [6]
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=27862469; DOI=10.1111/tpj.13415;
RA Cheng C.Y., Krishnakumar V., Chan A.P., Thibaud-Nissen F., Schobel S.,
RA Town C.D.;
RT "Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference
RT genome.";
RL Plant J. 89:789-804(2017).
RN [7]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=14593172; DOI=10.1126/science.1088305;
RA Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M.,
RA Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G.,
RA Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G., Miranda M., Quach H.L.,
RA Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C.,
RA Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J.,
RA Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A.,
RA Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C.,
RA Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X.,
RA Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M.,
RA Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K.,
RA Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A.,
RA Ecker J.R.;
RT "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis
RT genome.";
RL Science 302:842-846(2003).
RN [8]
RP FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=8620852; DOI=10.1242/dev.122.4.1253;
RA Masucci J.D., Rerie W.G., Foreman D.R., Zhang M., Galway M.E., Marks M.D.,
RA Schiefelbein J.W.;
RT "The homeobox gene GLABRA2 is required for position-dependent cell
RT differentiation in the root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Development 122:1253-1260(1996).
RN [9]
RP GENE FAMILY.
RX PubMed=10809443; DOI=10.1023/a:1006368316413;
RA Tavares R., Aubourg S., Lecharny A., Kreis M.;
RT "Organization and structural evolution of four multigene families in
RT Arabidopsis thaliana: AtLCAD, AtLGT, AtMYST and AtHD-GL2.";
RL Plant Mol. Biol. 42:703-717(2000).
RN [10]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=11844112; DOI=10.1046/j.0960-7412.2001.01214.x;
RA Ohashi Y., Oka A., Ruberti I., Morelli G., Aoyama T.;
RT "Entopically additive expression of GLABRA2 alters the frequency and
RT spacing of trichome initiation.";
RL Plant J. 29:359-369(2002).
RN [11]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=16514561; DOI=10.1007/s11103-005-4110-1;
RA Shen B., Sinkevicius K.W., Selinger D.A., Tarczynski M.C.;
RT "The homeobox gene GLABRA2 affects seed oil content in Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Mol. Biol. 60:377-387(2006).
RN [12]
RP GENE FAMILY, AND NOMENCLATURE.
RX PubMed=16778018; DOI=10.1104/pp.106.077388;
RA Nakamura M., Katsumata H., Abe M., Yabe N., Komeda Y., Yamamoto K.T.,
RA Takahashi T.;
RT "Characterization of the class IV homeodomain-leucine zipper gene family in
RT Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Physiol. 141:1363-1375(2006).
RN [13]
RP INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=17450124; DOI=10.1038/nature05763;
RA Caro E., Castellano M.M., Gutierrez C.;
RT "A chromatin link that couples cell division to root epidermis patterning
RT in Arabidopsis.";
RL Nature 447:213-217(2007).
RN [14]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=21883555; DOI=10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04768.x;
RA Shi L., Katavic V., Yu Y., Kunst L., Haughn G.;
RT "Arabidopsis glabra2 mutant seeds deficient in mucilage biosynthesis
RT produce more oil.";
RL Plant J. 69:37-46(2012).
RN [15]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=26486447; DOI=10.1105/tpc.15.00607;
RA Lin Q., Ohashi Y., Kato M., Tsuge T., Gu H., Qu L.J., Aoyama T.;
RT "GLABRA2 directly suppresses basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor
RT genes with diverse functions in root hair development.";
RL Plant Cell 27:2894-2906(2015).
RN [16]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=26017690; DOI=10.1111/tpj.12887;
RA Wang X., Wang X., Hu Q., Dai X., Tian H., Zheng K., Wang X., Mao T.,
RA Chen J.G., Wang S.;
RT "Characterization of an activation-tagged mutant uncovers a role of GLABRA2
RT in anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant J. 83:300-311(2015).
RN [17]
RP FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH GIR1 AND GIR2, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND
RP DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=28526410; DOI=10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.084;
RA Wu R., Citovsky V.;
RT "Adaptor proteins GIR1 and GIR2. I. Interaction with the repressor GLABRA2
RT and regulation of root hair development.";
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 488:547-553(2017).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Transcription factor involved in the determination of
CC epidermal cell identity (Probable). Required for correct morphological
CC development and maturation of trichomes (PubMed:7926739). Regulates the
CC frequency of trichome initiation and determines trichome spacing
CC (PubMed:11844112). Acts as a negative factor for root hair development
CC (PubMed:8620852, PubMed:8811855, PubMed:26486447). Required for ectopic
CC repression of root hair development in a subset of epidermal cells
CC (PubMed:8811855). May suppress hair formation in root epidermis by
CC promoting differentiation into hairless epidermal cells
CC (PubMed:8620852). Directly suppresses the bHLH transcription factor
CC genes, RHD6, RSL1, RSL2, LRL1, and LRL2, which have diverse functions
CC in root hair development (PubMed:26486447). Required for normal
CC development of seed coat mucilage (PubMed:7926739, PubMed:21883555).
CC Involved in the control of seed oil accumulation (PubMed:16514561,
CC PubMed:21883555). Acts as a negative regulator of anthocyanin
CC biosynthesis (PubMed:26017690). May directly repress the expression of
CC some component genes from the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcriptional
CC activator complex (PubMed:26017690). The MBW complex activates the
CC transcription of late biosynthesis genes in the flavonoid pathway,
CC leading to the production of anthocyanins (Probable).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11844112, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16514561,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:21883555, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26017690,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:26486447, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7926739,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8620852, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8811855,
CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:26017690, ECO:0000305|PubMed:8620852,
CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:8811855}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with GIR1 and GIR2. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28526410}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28526410}.
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=1;
CC Comment=A number of isoforms are produced. According to EST
CC sequences.;
CC Name=1;
CC IsoId=P46607-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in individual developing trichome cells
CC of the emerging leaf primordia (PubMed:7926739). Expressed in
CC differentiating hairless cells of root epidermis (PubMed:8620852).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:7926739, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8620852}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: Down-regulated by GEM. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17450124}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Defect in trichome development (PubMed:7926739,
CC PubMed:28526410). Defect in accumulation of seed coat mucilage
CC (PubMed:7926739, PubMed:21883555). Excessive root hair formation
CC (PubMed:8811855, PubMed:8620852, PubMed:28526410). High seed oil
CC content phenotype (PubMed:16514561, PubMed:21883555).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16514561, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21883555,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:28526410, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7926739,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8620852, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8811855}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The gain-of-function gl2-1D mutants (T-DNA tagging)
CC exhibit reduced endogenous levels of anthocyanins.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26017690}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class IV subfamily.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
CC Sequence=AAC80260.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Truncated N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
CC Sequence=AAG52245.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Truncated N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
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DR EMBL; L32873; AAC80260.1; ALT_INIT; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; Z54356; CAA91183.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AJ457046; CAD29714.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AC011717; AAG52245.1; ALT_INIT; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CP002684; AEE36311.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF360294; AAK26004.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BT001956; AAN71955.1; -; mRNA.
DR PIR; D96829; D96829.
DR PIR; S71478; S71478.
DR RefSeq; NP_565223.1; NM_106633.2. [P46607-1]
DR AlphaFoldDB; P46607; -.
DR SMR; P46607; -.
DR BioGRID; 29541; 5.
DR IntAct; P46607; 1.
DR STRING; 3702.AT1G79840.2; -.
DR PaxDb; P46607; -.
DR PRIDE; P46607; -.
DR ProteomicsDB; 230236; -. [P46607-1]
DR EnsemblPlants; AT1G79840.1; AT1G79840.1; AT1G79840. [P46607-1]
DR GeneID; 844323; -.
DR Gramene; AT1G79840.1; AT1G79840.1; AT1G79840. [P46607-1]
DR KEGG; ath:AT1G79840; -.
DR Araport; AT1G79840; -.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502QUI1; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_015002_2_1_1; -.
DR InParanoid; P46607; -.
DR PhylomeDB; P46607; -.
DR PRO; PR:P46607; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000006548; Chromosome 1.
DR ExpressionAtlas; P46607; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; P46607; AT.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0003677; F:DNA binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0000981; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0008289; F:lipid binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR CDD; cd00086; homeodomain; 1.
DR Gene3D; 3.30.530.20; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR042160; GLABRA2/ANL2/PDF2/ATML1-like.
DR InterPro; IPR009057; Homeobox-like_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR017970; Homeobox_CS.
DR InterPro; IPR001356; Homeobox_dom.
DR InterPro; IPR023393; START-like_dom_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR002913; START_lipid-bd_dom.
DR PANTHER; PTHR45654; PTHR45654; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00046; Homeodomain; 1.
DR Pfam; PF01852; START; 1.
DR SMART; SM00389; HOX; 1.
DR SMART; SM00234; START; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF46689; SSF46689; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00027; HOMEOBOX_1; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50071; HOMEOBOX_2; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50848; START; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Alternative splicing; Coiled coil; DNA-binding; Homeobox; Nucleus;
KW Reference proteome; Transcription; Transcription regulation.
FT CHAIN 1..747
FT /note="Homeobox-leucine zipper protein GLABRA 2"
FT /id="PRO_0000048928"
FT DOMAIN 250..489
FT /note="START"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00197"
FT DNA_BIND 101..160
FT /note="Homeobox"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00108"
FT REGION 31..112
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COILED 155..223
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT COMPBIAS 44..59
FT /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 76..90
FT /note="Acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
SQ SEQUENCE 747 AA; 83207 MW; A2C77ABF87F64273 CRC64;
MSMAVDMSSK QPTKDFFSSP ALSLSLAGIF RNASSGSTNP EEDFLGRRVV DDEDRTVEMS
SENSGPTRSR SEEDLEGEDH DDEEEEEEDG AAGNKGTNKR KRKKYHRHTT DQIRHMEALF
KETPHPDEKQ RQQLSKQLGL APRQVKFWFQ NRRTQIKAIQ ERHENSLLKA ELEKLREENK
AMRESFSKAN SSCPNCGGGP DDLHLENSKL KAELDKLRAA LGRTPYPLQA SCSDDQEHRL
GSLDFYTGVF ALEKSRIAEI SNRATLELQK MATSGEPMWL RSVETGREIL NYDEYLKEFP
QAQASSFPGR KTIEASRDAG IVFMDAHKLA QSFMDVGQWK ETFACLISKA ATVDVIRQGE
GPSRIDGAIQ LMFGEMQLLT PVVPTREVYF VRSCRQLSPE KWAIVDVSVS VEDSNTEKEA
SLLKCRKLPS GCIIEDTSNG HSKVTWVEHL DVSASTVQPL FRSLVNTGLA FGARHWVATL
QLHCERLVFF MATNVPTKDS LGVTTLAGRK SVLKMAQRMT QSFYRAIAAS SYHQWTKITT
KTGQDMRVSS RKNLHDPGEP TGVIVCASSS LWLPVSPALL FDFFRDEARR HEWDALSNGA
HVQSIANLSK GQDRGNSVAI QTVKSREKSI WVLQDSSTNS YESVVVYAPV DINTTQLVLA
GHDPSNIQIL PSGFSIIPDG VESRPLVITS TQDDRNSQGG SLLTLALQTL INPSPAAKLN
MESVESVTNL VSVTLHNIKR SLQIEDC
