AP2_ARATH
ID AP2_ARATH Reviewed; 432 AA.
AC P47927; Q8L7P9;
DT 01-FEB-1996, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-FEB-1996, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 165.
DE RecName: Full=Floral homeotic protein APETALA 2 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:7919989};
GN Name=AP2 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:7919989};
GN OrderedLocusNames=At4g36920 {ECO:0000312|Araport:AT4G36920};
GN ORFNames=AP22.49, C7A10.440 {ECO:0000312|EMBL:CAB16765.1};
OS Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis.
OX NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], MUTANTS AP2-1 AND AP2-5, AND FUNCTION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia; TISSUE=Flower;
RX PubMed=7919989; DOI=10.2307/3869820;
RA Jofuku K.D., den Boer B.G.W., Van Montagu M., Okamuro J.K.;
RT "Control of Arabidopsis flower and seed development by the homeotic gene
RT APETALA2.";
RL Plant Cell 6:1211-1225(1994).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=9461215; DOI=10.1038/35140;
RA Bevan M., Bancroft I., Bent E., Love K., Goodman H.M., Dean C.,
RA Bergkamp R., Dirkse W., van Staveren M., Stiekema W., Drost L., Ridley P.,
RA Hudson S.-A., Patel K., Murphy G., Piffanelli P., Wedler H., Wedler E.,
RA Wambutt R., Weitzenegger T., Pohl T., Terryn N., Gielen J., Villarroel R.,
RA De Clercq R., van Montagu M., Lecharny A., Aubourg S., Gy I., Kreis M.,
RA Lao N., Kavanagh T., Hempel S., Kotter P., Entian K.-D., Rieger M.,
RA Schaefer M., Funk B., Mueller-Auer S., Silvey M., James R., Monfort A.,
RA Pons A., Puigdomenech P., Douka A., Voukelatou E., Milioni D.,
RA Hatzopoulos P., Piravandi E., Obermaier B., Hilbert H., Duesterhoeft A.,
RA Moores T., Jones J.D.G., Eneva T., Palme K., Benes V., Rechmann S.,
RA Ansorge W., Cooke R., Berger C., Delseny M., Voet M., Volckaert G.,
RA Mewes H.-W., Klosterman S., Schueller C., Chalwatzis N.;
RT "Analysis of 1.9 Mb of contiguous sequence from chromosome 4 of Arabidopsis
RT thaliana.";
RL Nature 391:485-488(1998).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=10617198; DOI=10.1038/47134;
RA Mayer K.F.X., Schueller C., Wambutt R., Murphy G., Volckaert G., Pohl T.,
RA Duesterhoeft A., Stiekema W., Entian K.-D., Terryn N., Harris B.,
RA Ansorge W., Brandt P., Grivell L.A., Rieger M., Weichselgartner M.,
RA de Simone V., Obermaier B., Mache R., Mueller M., Kreis M., Delseny M.,
RA Puigdomenech P., Watson M., Schmidtheini T., Reichert B., Portetelle D.,
RA Perez-Alonso M., Boutry M., Bancroft I., Vos P., Hoheisel J.,
RA Zimmermann W., Wedler H., Ridley P., Langham S.-A., McCullagh B.,
RA Bilham L., Robben J., van der Schueren J., Grymonprez B., Chuang Y.-J.,
RA Vandenbussche F., Braeken M., Weltjens I., Voet M., Bastiaens I., Aert R.,
RA Defoor E., Weitzenegger T., Bothe G., Ramsperger U., Hilbert H., Braun M.,
RA Holzer E., Brandt A., Peters S., van Staveren M., Dirkse W., Mooijman P.,
RA Klein Lankhorst R., Rose M., Hauf J., Koetter P., Berneiser S., Hempel S.,
RA Feldpausch M., Lamberth S., Van den Daele H., De Keyser A., Buysshaert C.,
RA Gielen J., Villarroel R., De Clercq R., van Montagu M., Rogers J.,
RA Cronin A., Quail M.A., Bray-Allen S., Clark L., Doggett J., Hall S.,
RA Kay M., Lennard N., McLay K., Mayes R., Pettett A., Rajandream M.A.,
RA Lyne M., Benes V., Rechmann S., Borkova D., Bloecker H., Scharfe M.,
RA Grimm M., Loehnert T.-H., Dose S., de Haan M., Maarse A.C., Schaefer M.,
RA Mueller-Auer S., Gabel C., Fuchs M., Fartmann B., Granderath K., Dauner D.,
RA Herzl A., Neumann S., Argiriou A., Vitale D., Liguori R., Piravandi E.,
RA Massenet O., Quigley F., Clabauld G., Muendlein A., Felber R., Schnabl S.,
RA Hiller R., Schmidt W., Lecharny A., Aubourg S., Chefdor F., Cooke R.,
RA Berger C., Monfort A., Casacuberta E., Gibbons T., Weber N., Vandenbol M.,
RA Bargues M., Terol J., Torres A., Perez-Perez A., Purnelle B., Bent E.,
RA Johnson S., Tacon D., Jesse T., Heijnen L., Schwarz S., Scholler P.,
RA Heber S., Francs P., Bielke C., Frishman D., Haase D., Lemcke K.,
RA Mewes H.-W., Stocker S., Zaccaria P., Bevan M., Wilson R.K.,
RA de la Bastide M., Habermann K., Parnell L., Dedhia N., Gnoj L., Schutz K.,
RA Huang E., Spiegel L., Sekhon M., Murray J., Sheet P., Cordes M.,
RA Abu-Threideh J., Stoneking T., Kalicki J., Graves T., Harmon G.,
RA Edwards J., Latreille P., Courtney L., Cloud J., Abbott A., Scott K.,
RA Johnson D., Minx P., Bentley D., Fulton B., Miller N., Greco T., Kemp K.,
RA Kramer J., Fulton L., Mardis E., Dante M., Pepin K., Hillier L.W.,
RA Nelson J., Spieth J., Ryan E., Andrews S., Geisel C., Layman D., Du H.,
RA Ali J., Berghoff A., Jones K., Drone K., Cotton M., Joshu C., Antonoiu B.,
RA Zidanic M., Strong C., Sun H., Lamar B., Yordan C., Ma P., Zhong J.,
RA Preston R., Vil D., Shekher M., Matero A., Shah R., Swaby I.K.,
RA O'Shaughnessy A., Rodriguez M., Hoffman J., Till S., Granat S., Shohdy N.,
RA Hasegawa A., Hameed A., Lodhi M., Johnson A., Chen E., Marra M.A.,
RA Martienssen R., McCombie W.R.;
RT "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Nature 402:769-777(1999).
RN [4]
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=27862469; DOI=10.1111/tpj.13415;
RA Cheng C.Y., Krishnakumar V., Chan A.P., Thibaud-Nissen F., Schobel S.,
RA Town C.D.;
RT "Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference
RT genome.";
RL Plant J. 89:789-804(2017).
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 221-432.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=14593172; DOI=10.1126/science.1088305;
RA Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M.,
RA Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G.,
RA Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G., Miranda M., Quach H.L.,
RA Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C.,
RA Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J.,
RA Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A.,
RA Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C.,
RA Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X.,
RA Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M.,
RA Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K.,
RA Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A.,
RA Ecker J.R.;
RT "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis
RT genome.";
RL Science 302:842-846(2003).
RN [6]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=1675158; DOI=10.1016/0092-8674(91)90551-9;
RA Drews G.N., Bowman J.L., Meyerowitz E.M.;
RT "Negative regulation of the Arabidopsis homeotic gene AGAMOUS by the
RT APETALA2 product.";
RL Cell 65:991-1002(1991).
RN [7]
RP INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=14555699; DOI=10.1105/tpc.016238;
RA Aukerman M.J., Sakai H.;
RT "Regulation of flowering time and floral organ identity by a microRNA and
RT its APETALA2-like target genes.";
RL Plant Cell 15:2730-2741(2003).
RN [8]
RP INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=12805630; DOI=10.1104/pp.102.017814;
RA Brown R.L., Kazan K., McGrath K.C., Maclean D.J., Manners J.M.;
RT "A role for the GCC-box in jasmonate-mediated activation of the PDF1.2 gene
RT of Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Physiol. 132:1020-1032(2003).
RN [9]
RP INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=12893888; DOI=10.1126/science.1088060;
RA Chen X.;
RT "A microRNA as a translational repressor of APETALA2 in Arabidopsis flower
RT development.";
RL Science 303:2022-2025(2004).
RN [10]
RP GENE FAMILY, AND NOMENCLATURE.
RX PubMed=16407444; DOI=10.1104/pp.105.073783;
RA Nakano T., Suzuki K., Fujimura T., Shinshi H.;
RT "Genome-wide analysis of the ERF gene family in Arabidopsis and rice.";
RL Plant Physiol. 140:411-432(2006).
RN [11]
RP FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH TPL AND HDA19, AND MUTAGENESIS OF
RP 304-LEU--LEU-308.
RX PubMed=23034631; DOI=10.1242/dev.085407;
RA Krogan N.T., Hogan K., Long J.A.;
RT "APETALA2 negatively regulates multiple floral organ identity genes in
RT Arabidopsis by recruiting the co-repressor TOPLESS and the histone
RT deacetylase HDA19.";
RL Development 139:4180-4190(2012).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Probable transcriptional activator that promotes early floral
CC meristem identity (PubMed:7919989). Is required subsequently for the
CC transition of an inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem
CC (PubMed:1675158). Plays a central role in the specification of floral
CC identity, particularly for the normal development of sepals and petals
CC in the wild-type flower, by spatially controlling the expression
CC domains of multiple floral organ identity genes (PubMed:1675158,
CC PubMed:23034631). Acts as A class cadastral protein by repressing the C
CC class floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS in association with other repressors
CC like LEUNIG and SEUSS (PubMed:1675158). Directly represses AGAMOUS by
CC recruiting the transcriptional corepressor TOPLESS and the histone
CC deacetylase HDA19 (PubMed:23034631). It is also required during seed
CC development (PubMed:1675158). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:1675158,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:23034631, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7919989}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: May form homodimer. Interacts with HDA19 and with TPL in an
CC EAR-motif dependent manner (PubMed:23034631).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23034631}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00366}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Sepals, petals, stamens, carpels, developing
CC ovules, inflorescence stem, leaf and stem.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: It is detectable at low levels throughout the
CC shoot apex and at enhanced levels in the inflorescence meristem, young
CC floral buds and throughout the early stages of flower development and
CC organogenesis. During floral organ differentiation it becomes spatially
CC restricted to specific organ, tissue and cell types within the flower.
CC -!- INDUCTION: Negatively regulated by the C class floral homeotic protein
CC AGAMOUS in stamens and carpels. MicroRNA 172 (miRNA172) negatively
CC regulates APETALA2 at the translational level and may modulate its
CC expression pattern. Seems not to be influenced by jasmonate and
CC Alternaria brassicicola. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12805630,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:12893888, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14555699}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Mutations in the APETALA2 gene result in the ectopic
CC expression of AGAMOUS, leading to the replacement of sepals by carpels
CC and stamens and of petals by stamens.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. AP2
CC subfamily. {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
CC Sequence=AAM91531.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Truncated N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
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DR EMBL; U12546; AAC13770.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; Z99707; CAB16765.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AL161590; CAB80358.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CP002687; AEE86717.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CP002687; AEE86718.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY128328; AAM91531.1; ALT_INIT; mRNA.
DR PIR; A85436; A85436.
DR RefSeq; NP_001190938.1; NM_001204009.1.
DR RefSeq; NP_195410.1; NM_119856.3.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P47927; -.
DR SMR; P47927; -.
DR BioGRID; 15126; 5.
DR STRING; 3702.AT4G36920.2; -.
DR PaxDb; P47927; -.
DR PRIDE; P47927; -.
DR ProteomicsDB; 244484; -.
DR EnsemblPlants; AT4G36920.1; AT4G36920.1; AT4G36920.
DR EnsemblPlants; AT4G36920.2; AT4G36920.2; AT4G36920.
DR GeneID; 829845; -.
DR Gramene; AT4G36920.1; AT4G36920.1; AT4G36920.
DR Gramene; AT4G36920.2; AT4G36920.2; AT4G36920.
DR KEGG; ath:AT4G36920; -.
DR Araport; AT4G36920; -.
DR TAIR; locus:2005493; AT4G36920.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502QQXB; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_035462_4_1_1; -.
DR InParanoid; P47927; -.
DR OMA; HWFGVKF; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1171664at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; P47927; -.
DR PRO; PR:P47927; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000006548; Chromosome 4.
DR ExpressionAtlas; P47927; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; P47927; AT.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; ISS:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0003700; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity; ISS:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0000976; F:transcription cis-regulatory region binding; IPI:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0030154; P:cell differentiation; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0009908; P:flower development; TAS:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0010073; P:meristem maintenance; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0048481; P:plant ovule development; IGI:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0048316; P:seed development; IMP:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0010093; P:specification of floral organ identity; IMP:TAIR.
DR CDD; cd00018; AP2; 2.
DR Gene3D; 3.30.730.10; -; 2.
DR InterPro; IPR001471; AP2/ERF_dom.
DR InterPro; IPR036955; AP2/ERF_dom_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR016177; DNA-bd_dom_sf.
DR Pfam; PF00847; AP2; 2.
DR PRINTS; PR00367; ETHRSPELEMNT.
DR SMART; SM00380; AP2; 2.
DR SUPFAM; SSF54171; SSF54171; 2.
DR PROSITE; PS51032; AP2_ERF; 2.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Activator; Developmental protein; Differentiation; DNA-binding; Flowering;
KW Nucleus; Reference proteome; Repeat; Transcription;
KW Transcription regulation.
FT CHAIN 1..432
FT /note="Floral homeotic protein APETALA 2"
FT /id="PRO_0000112522"
FT DNA_BIND 131..187
FT /note="AP2/ERF 1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00366"
FT DNA_BIND 223..280
FT /note="AP2/ERF 2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00366"
FT REGION 1..56
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 287..362
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 395..432
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT MOTIF 119..128
FT /note="Nuclear localization signal"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT MOTIF 304..308
FT /note="EAR"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT COMPBIAS 8..22
FT /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 24..42
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 288..316
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 323..362
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT MUTAGEN 159
FT /note="G->E: In AP2-5; temperature-sensitive."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7919989"
FT MUTAGEN 251
FT /note="G->S: In AP2-1; temperature-sensitive."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7919989"
FT MUTAGEN 304..308
FT /note="LDLSL->ADASA: Loss of interaction with TPL."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:23034631"
FT MUTAGEN 420
FT /note="Q->E: In AP2-5; temperature-sensitive."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7919989"
SQ SEQUENCE 432 AA; 47833 MW; 376A355291EFFB42 CRC64;
MWDLNDAPHQ TQREEESEEF CYSSPSKRVG SFSNSSSSAV VIEDGSDDDE LNRVRPNNPL
VTHQFFPEMD SNGGGVASGF PRAHWFGVKF CQSDLATGSS AGKATNVAAA VVEPAQPLKK
SRRGPRSRSS QYRGVTFYRR TGRWESHIWD CGKQVYLGGF DTAHAAARAY DRAAIKFRGV
EADINFNIDD YDDDLKQMTN LTKEEFVHVL RRQSTGFPRG SSKYRGVTLH KCGRWEARMG
QFLGKKYVYL GLFDTEVEAA RAYDKAAIKC NGKDAVTNFD PSIYDEELNA ESSGNPTTPQ
DHNLDLSLGN SANSKHKSQD MRLRMNQQQQ DSLHSNEVLG LGQTGMLNHT PNSNHQFPGS
SNIGSGGGFS LFPAAENHRF DGRASTNQVL TNAAASSGFS PHHHNQIFNS TSTPHQNWLQ
TNGFQPPLMR PS
