AP3_ARATH
ID AP3_ARATH Reviewed; 232 AA.
AC P35632; Q39003; Q8LB79; Q9S7Q3; Q9SQ14; Q9SQ15; Q9SQ16; Q9SQ17; Q9SQ18;
AC Q9SQ19; Q9SQ20; Q9SQ21; Q9SQ22; Q9SX13;
DT 01-JUN-1994, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-JUN-1994, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 171.
DE RecName: Full=Floral homeotic protein APETALA 3;
GN Name=AP3; OrderedLocusNames=At3g54340; ORFNames=T12E18_30;
OS Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis.
OX NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC TISSUE=Petal;
RX PubMed=1346756; DOI=10.1016/0092-8674(92)90144-2;
RA Jack T., Brockman L.L., Meyerowitz E.M.;
RT "The homeotic gene APETALA3 of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a MADS box and
RT is expressed in petals and stamens.";
RL Cell 68:683-697(1992).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Landsberg erecta;
RX PubMed=7948893; DOI=10.1007/bf00039556;
RA Okamoto H., Yano A., Shiraishi H., Okada K., Shimura Y.;
RT "Genetic complementation of a floral homeotic mutation, apetala3, with an
RT Arabidopsis thaliana gene homologous to DEFICIENS of Antirrhinum majus.";
RL Plant Mol. Biol. 26:465-472(1994).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANTS ARG-31; THR-47; ASP-61;
RP SER-73; VAL-109; LYS-115; LYS-128; ALA-137; GLU-141; SER-145; MET-151;
RP SER-154; GLY-159; ASN-159; ASP-163; CYS-212 AND THR-219.
RC STRAIN=cv. Bla-1, cv. Bretagny, cv. Bs-1, cv. Bu-0, cv. Bu-2, cv. Chi-1,
RC cv. Co-1, cv. Columbia, cv. Corsacalla-1, cv. Cvi-0, cv. Gr-3, cv. Jl-1,
RC cv. Kas-1, cv. Kent, cv. Landsberg erecta, cv. Li-3, cv. Li-8, and
RC cv. Lisse;
RX PubMed=9927474; DOI=10.1093/genetics/151.2.839;
RA Purugganan M.D., Suddith J.I.;
RT "Molecular population genetics of floral homeotic loci: departures from the
RT equilibrium-neutral model at the APETALA3 and PISTILLATA genes of
RT Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Genetics 151:839-848(1999).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=11130713; DOI=10.1038/35048706;
RA Salanoubat M., Lemcke K., Rieger M., Ansorge W., Unseld M., Fartmann B.,
RA Valle G., Bloecker H., Perez-Alonso M., Obermaier B., Delseny M.,
RA Boutry M., Grivell L.A., Mache R., Puigdomenech P., De Simone V.,
RA Choisne N., Artiguenave F., Robert C., Brottier P., Wincker P.,
RA Cattolico L., Weissenbach J., Saurin W., Quetier F., Schaefer M.,
RA Mueller-Auer S., Gabel C., Fuchs M., Benes V., Wurmbach E., Drzonek H.,
RA Erfle H., Jordan N., Bangert S., Wiedelmann R., Kranz H., Voss H.,
RA Holland R., Brandt P., Nyakatura G., Vezzi A., D'Angelo M., Pallavicini A.,
RA Toppo S., Simionati B., Conrad A., Hornischer K., Kauer G., Loehnert T.-H.,
RA Nordsiek G., Reichelt J., Scharfe M., Schoen O., Bargues M., Terol J.,
RA Climent J., Navarro P., Collado C., Perez-Perez A., Ottenwaelder B.,
RA Duchemin D., Cooke R., Laudie M., Berger-Llauro C., Purnelle B., Masuy D.,
RA de Haan M., Maarse A.C., Alcaraz J.-P., Cottet A., Casacuberta E.,
RA Monfort A., Argiriou A., Flores M., Liguori R., Vitale D., Mannhaupt G.,
RA Haase D., Schoof H., Rudd S., Zaccaria P., Mewes H.-W., Mayer K.F.X.,
RA Kaul S., Town C.D., Koo H.L., Tallon L.J., Jenkins J., Rooney T., Rizzo M.,
RA Walts A., Utterback T., Fujii C.Y., Shea T.P., Creasy T.H., Haas B.,
RA Maiti R., Wu D., Peterson J., Van Aken S., Pai G., Militscher J.,
RA Sellers P., Gill J.E., Feldblyum T.V., Preuss D., Lin X., Nierman W.C.,
RA Salzberg S.L., White O., Venter J.C., Fraser C.M., Kaneko T., Nakamura Y.,
RA Sato S., Kato T., Asamizu E., Sasamoto S., Kimura T., Idesawa K.,
RA Kawashima K., Kishida Y., Kiyokawa C., Kohara M., Matsumoto M., Matsuno A.,
RA Muraki A., Nakayama S., Nakazaki N., Shinpo S., Takeuchi C., Wada T.,
RA Watanabe A., Yamada M., Yasuda M., Tabata S.;
RT "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 3 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Nature 408:820-822(2000).
RN [5]
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=27862469; DOI=10.1111/tpj.13415;
RA Cheng C.Y., Krishnakumar V., Chan A.P., Thibaud-Nissen F., Schobel S.,
RA Town C.D.;
RT "Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference
RT genome.";
RL Plant J. 89:789-804(2017).
RN [6]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=14593172; DOI=10.1126/science.1088305;
RA Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M.,
RA Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G.,
RA Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G., Miranda M., Quach H.L.,
RA Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C.,
RA Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J.,
RA Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A.,
RA Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C.,
RA Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X.,
RA Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M.,
RA Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K.,
RA Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A.,
RA Ecker J.R.;
RT "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis
RT genome.";
RL Science 302:842-846(2003).
RN [7]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RA Brover V.V., Troukhan M.E., Alexandrov N.A., Lu Y.-P., Flavell R.B.,
RA Feldmann K.A.;
RT "Full-length cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [8]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 36-128.
RC STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX PubMed=10382288; DOI=10.1139/gen-42-3-387;
RA Brunel D., Froger N., Pelletier G.;
RT "Development of amplified consensus genetic markers (ACGM) in Brassica
RT napus from Arabidopsis thaliana sequences of known biological function.";
RL Genome 42:387-402(1999).
RN [9]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=8565821; DOI=10.1242/dev.122.1.11;
RA Krizek B.A., Meyerowitz E.M.;
RT "The Arabidopsis homeotic genes APETALA3 and PISTILLATA are sufficient to
RT provide the B class organ identity function.";
RL Development 122:11-22(1996).
RN [10]
RP FUNCTION IN NAP EXPRESSION.
RX PubMed=9489703; DOI=10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80902-2;
RA Sablowski R.W.M., Meyerowitz E.M.;
RT "A homolog of NO APICAL MERISTEM is an immediate target of the floral
RT homeotic genes APETALA3/PISTILLATA.";
RL Cell 92:93-103(1998).
RN [11]
RP CHARACTERIZATION.
RX PubMed=8643482; DOI=10.1073/pnas.93.10.4793;
RA Riechmann J.L., Krizek B.A., Meyerowitz E.M.;
RT "Dimerization specificity of Arabidopsis MADS domain homeotic proteins
RT APETALA1, APETALA3, PISTILLATA, and AGAMOUS.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93:4793-4798(1996).
RN [12]
RP INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=11283333; DOI=10.2307/3871337;
RA Ng M., Yanofsky M.F.;
RT "Activation of the Arabidopsis B class homeotic genes by APETALA1.";
RL Plant Cell 13:739-753(2001).
RN [13]
RP CHARACTERIZATION.
RX PubMed=11206550; DOI=10.1038/35054083;
RA Honma T., Goto K.;
RT "Complexes of MADS-box proteins are sufficient to convert leaves into
RT floral organs.";
RL Nature 409:525-529(2001).
RN [14]
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=18417639; DOI=10.1104/pp.107.115634;
RA Mara C.D., Irish V.F.;
RT "Two GATA transcription factors are downstream effectors of floral homeotic
RT gene action in Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Physiol. 147:707-718(2008).
RN [15]
RP INDUCTION BY EMF1 AND EMF2.
RX PubMed=19783648; DOI=10.1104/pp.109.143495;
RA Kim S.Y., Zhu T., Sung Z.R.;
RT "Epigenetic regulation of gene programs by EMF1 and EMF2 in Arabidopsis.";
RL Plant Physiol. 152:516-528(2010).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Probable transcription factor involved in the genetic control
CC of flower development. Is required for normal development of petals and
CC stamens in the wild-type flower. Forms a heterodimer with PISTILLATA
CC that is required for autoregulation of both AP3 and PI genes. AP3/PI
CC heterodimer interacts with APETALA1 or SEPALLATA3 to form a ternary
CC complex that could be responsible for the regulation of the genes
CC involved in the flower development. AP3/PI heterodimer activates the
CC expression of NAP. AP3/PI prevents GATA22/GNL and GATA21/GNC expression
CC (PubMed:18417639). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18417639,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8565821, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9489703}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Forms a heterodimer with PISTILLATA, capable of binding to
CC CArG-box sequences. AP3/PI heterodimer binds AP1 or SEP3 to form
CC complexes.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in petals and stamens.
CC -!- INDUCTION: Positively regulated by the meristem identity proteins
CC APETALA1 and LEAFY with the cooperation of UFO. Repressed by silencing
CC mediated by polycomb group (PcG) protein complex containing EMF1 and
CC EMF2. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11283333, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19783648}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Mutations in AP3 cause transformation of petals into
CC sepals and stamina into carpels.
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DR EMBL; M86357; AAA32740.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; D21125; BAA04665.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115798; AAD51887.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115799; AAD51888.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115800; AAD51889.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115801; AAD51890.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115802; AAD51891.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115803; AAD51892.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115804; AAD51893.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115805; AAD51894.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115806; AAD51895.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115807; AAD51896.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115808; AAD51897.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115809; AAD51898.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115810; AAD51899.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115811; AAD51900.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115812; AAD51901.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115813; AAD51902.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AF115814; AAD51903.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AL132971; CAB81799.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CP002686; AEE79216.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY070397; AAL49893.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AY142590; AAN13159.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AY087369; AAM64919.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AF056541; AAD41557.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR PIR; A42095; A42095.
DR RefSeq; NP_191002.1; NM_115294.6.
DR AlphaFoldDB; P35632; -.
DR SMR; P35632; -.
DR BioGRID; 9917; 13.
DR IntAct; P35632; 5.
DR STRING; 3702.AT3G54340.1; -.
DR PaxDb; P35632; -.
DR PRIDE; P35632; -.
DR ProteomicsDB; 246663; -.
DR EnsemblPlants; AT3G54340.1; AT3G54340.1; AT3G54340.
DR GeneID; 824601; -.
DR Gramene; AT3G54340.1; AT3G54340.1; AT3G54340.
DR KEGG; ath:AT3G54340; -.
DR Araport; AT3G54340; -.
DR TAIR; locus:2096164; AT3G54340.
DR eggNOG; KOG0014; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_053053_0_4_1; -.
DR InParanoid; P35632; -.
DR OMA; VRHRKYH; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1142137at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; P35632; -.
DR PRO; PR:P35632; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000006548; Chromosome 3.
DR ExpressionAtlas; P35632; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; P35632; AT.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0003700; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity; ISS:TAIR.
DR GO; GO:0000981; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0046983; F:protein dimerization activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0000978; F:RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0030154; P:cell differentiation; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0045944; P:positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0006357; P:regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0010093; P:specification of floral organ identity; IMP:CACAO.
DR CDD; cd00265; MADS_MEF2_like; 1.
DR Gene3D; 3.40.1810.10; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR033896; MADS_MEF2-like.
DR InterPro; IPR002487; TF_Kbox.
DR InterPro; IPR002100; TF_MADSbox.
DR InterPro; IPR036879; TF_MADSbox_sf.
DR Pfam; PF01486; K-box; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00319; SRF-TF; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR00404; MADSDOMAIN.
DR SMART; SM00432; MADS; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF55455; SSF55455; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS51297; K_BOX; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00350; MADS_BOX_1; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50066; MADS_BOX_2; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Activator; Coiled coil; Developmental protein; Differentiation;
KW DNA-binding; Flowering; Nucleus; Reference proteome; Transcription;
KW Transcription regulation.
FT CHAIN 1..232
FT /note="Floral homeotic protein APETALA 3"
FT /id="PRO_0000199453"
FT DOMAIN 3..57
FT /note="MADS-box"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00251"
FT DOMAIN 84..174
FT /note="K-box"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00629"
FT COILED 75..164
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT VARIANT 31
FT /note="K -> R (in strain: cv. Lisse)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT VARIANT 47
FT /note="M -> T (in strain: cv. Bretagny)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT VARIANT 61
FT /note="N -> D (in strain: cv. Corsacalla-1)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT VARIANT 73
FT /note="T -> S (in strain: cv. Li-8)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT VARIANT 109
FT /note="L -> V (in strain: cv. Kas-1)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT VARIANT 115
FT /note="E -> K (in strain: cv. Chi-1 and cv. Gr-3)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT VARIANT 128
FT /note="M -> K (in strain: cv. Bla-1)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT VARIANT 137
FT /note="E -> A (in strain: cv. Lisse)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT VARIANT 141
FT /note="K -> E (in strain: cv. Lisse)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT VARIANT 145
FT /note="N -> S (in strain: cv. Lisse)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT VARIANT 151
FT /note="K -> M (in strain: cv. Kent)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT VARIANT 154
FT /note="N -> S (in strain: cv. Kas-1)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT VARIANT 159
FT /note="D -> G (in strain: cv. Kent)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT VARIANT 159
FT /note="D -> N (in strain: cv. Li-8)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT VARIANT 163
FT /note="N -> D (in strain: cv. Li-8)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT VARIANT 212
FT /note="Y -> C (in strain: cv. Li-8)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT VARIANT 219
FT /note="A -> T (in strain: cv. Bla-1)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9927474"
FT CONFLICT 114..115
FT /note="DE -> NK (in Ref. 7; AAM64919)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 199
FT /note="A -> R (in Ref. 2; BAA04665)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ SEQUENCE 232 AA; 27341 MW; 669070319F9857C3 CRC64;
MARGKIQIKR IENQTNRQVT YSKRRNGLFK KAHELTVLCD ARVSIIMFSS SNKLHEYISP
NTTTKEIVDL YQTISDVDVW ATQYERMQET KRKLLETNRN LRTQIKQRLG ECLDELDIQE
LRRLEDEMEN TFKLVRERKF KSLGNQIETT KKKNKSQQDI QKNLIHELEL RAEDPHYGLV
DNGGDYDSVL GYQIEGSRAY ALRFHQNHHH YYPNHGLHAP SASDIITFHL LE
