APEL_BOVIN
ID APEL_BOVIN Reviewed; 77 AA.
AC Q9TUI9;
DT 23-JAN-2002, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-MAY-2000, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 116.
DE RecName: Full=Apelin;
DE AltName: Full=APJ endogenous ligand;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Apelin-36;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Apelin-31;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Apelin-28;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Apelin-13;
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=APLN; Synonyms=APEL;
OS Bos taurus (Bovine).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Artiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae;
OC Bovinae; Bos.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9913;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 42-58, PYROGLUTAMATE
RP FORMATION AT GLN-65, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND PROTEOLYTIC
RP PROCESSING.
RC TISSUE=Hypothalamus;
RX PubMed=9792798; DOI=10.1006/bbrc.1998.9489;
RA Tatemoto K., Hosoya M., Habata Y., Fujii R., Kakegawa T., Zou M.-X.,
RA Kawamata Y., Fukusumi S., Hinuma S., Kitada C., Kurokawa T., Onda H.,
RA Fujino M.;
RT "Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand for
RT the human APJ receptor.";
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 251:471-476(1998).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RC TISSUE=Brain;
RX PubMed=10525157; DOI=10.1016/s0167-4889(99)00114-7;
RA Habata Y., Fujii R., Hosoya M., Fukusumi S., Kawamata Y., Hinuma S.,
RA Kitada C., Nishizawa N., Murosaki S., Kurokawa T., Onda H., Tatemoto K.,
RA Fujino M.;
RT "Apelin, the natural ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, is abundantly
RT secreted in the colostrum.";
RL Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1452:25-35(1999).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APLNR)
CC (PubMed:9792798). Drives internalization of APLNR (By similarity).
CC Apelin-36 dissociates more hardly than (pyroglu)apelin-13 from APLNR
CC (By similarity). Hormone involved in the regulation of cardiac
CC precursor cell movements during gastrulation and heart morphogenesis
CC (By similarity). Has an inhibitory effect on cytokine production in
CC response to T-cell receptor/CD3 cross-linking; the oral intake of
CC apelin in the colostrum and the milk might therefore modulate immune
CC responses in neonates (By similarity). Plays a role in early coronary
CC blood vessels formation (By similarity). Mediates myocardial
CC contractility in an ERK1/2-dependent manner (By similarity). May also
CC have a role in the central control of body fluid homeostasis by
CC influencing vasopressin release and drinking behavior (By similarity).
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q4TTN8, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9R0R3,
CC ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9R0R4, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9792798}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10525157,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9792798}. Secreted, extracellular space
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10525157}. Note=Abundantly secreted in the
CC colostrum (PubMed:10525157). Lower level in milk (PubMed:10525157).
CC Decreases rapidly within several days after parturition in milk, but is
CC still detectable even in commercial milk (PubMed:10525157).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10525157}.
CC -!- PTM: At least 5 active peptides may be produced by proteolytic
CC processing of the peptide precursor (PubMed:9792798).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9792798}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the apelin family. {ECO:0000305}.
CC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms
CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License
CC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DR EMBL; AB023492; BAA84974.1; -; mRNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_776928.1; NM_174503.1.
DR RefSeq; XP_005227542.1; XM_005227485.3.
DR RefSeq; XP_010819696.1; XM_010821394.2.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q9TUI9; -.
DR BMRB; Q9TUI9; -.
DR STRING; 9913.ENSBTAP00000026630; -.
DR PaxDb; Q9TUI9; -.
DR GeneID; 282143; -.
DR KEGG; bta:282143; -.
DR CTD; 8862; -.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502S9TY; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_198461_0_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q9TUI9; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1632257at2759; -.
DR TreeFam; TF339660; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000009136; Unplaced.
DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0031704; F:apelin receptor binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005179; F:hormone activity; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0001525; P:angiogenesis; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0060183; P:apelin receptor signaling pathway; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0060976; P:coronary vasculature development; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0042756; P:drinking behavior; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0007369; P:gastrulation; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0045776; P:negative regulation of blood pressure; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:1904022; P:positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor internalization; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0045823; P:positive regulation of heart contraction; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR InterPro; IPR026155; Apelin.
DR PANTHER; PTHR15953; PTHR15953; 1.
DR Pfam; PF15360; Apelin; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Angiogenesis; Cleavage on pair of basic residues; Developmental protein;
KW Direct protein sequencing; Gastrulation; Hormone;
KW Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid; Reference proteome; Secreted; Signal.
FT SIGNAL 1..22
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT PROPEP 23..41
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9792798"
FT /id="PRO_0000001754"
FT PEPTIDE 42..77
FT /note="Apelin-36"
FT /id="PRO_0000001755"
FT PEPTIDE 47..77
FT /note="Apelin-31"
FT /id="PRO_0000001756"
FT PEPTIDE 50..77
FT /note="Apelin-28"
FT /id="PRO_0000001757"
FT PEPTIDE 65..77
FT /note="Apelin-13"
FT /id="PRO_0000001758"
FT REGION 43..77
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT MOD_RES 65
FT /note="Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9792798"
SQ SEQUENCE 77 AA; 8743 MW; 013D4C55E363E694 CRC64;
MNLRRCVQAL LLLWLCLSAV CGGPLLQTSD GKEMEEGTIR YLVQPRGPRS GPGPWQGGRR
KFRRQRPRLS HKGPMPF
