ID   IFNT_CAPHI              Reviewed;         195 AA.
AC   P28171;
DT   30-MAY-2000, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-NOV-1996, sequence version 1.
DT   25-MAY-2022, entry version 94.
DE   RecName: Full=Interferon tau;
DE            Short=IFN-tau;
DE   AltName: Full=Antiluteolysin;
DE   AltName: Full=Trophoblast antiluteolytic protein;
DE   AltName: Full=Trophoblast protein 1;
DE            Short=TP-1;
DE   AltName: Full=Trophoblastin;
DE   Flags: Precursor;
GN   Name=IFNT; Synonyms=CTP-1;
OS   Capra hircus (Goat).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Artiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae;
OC   Caprinae; Capra.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9925;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=1374107; DOI=10.1089/jir.1992.12.1;
RA   Leaman D.W., Roberts R.M.;
RT   "Genes for the trophoblast interferons in sheep, goat, and musk ox and
RT   distribution of related genes among mammals.";
RL   J. Interferon Res. 12:1-11(1992).
RN   [2]
RP   REVIEW.
RX   PubMed=9865498; DOI=10.1016/s0300-9084(99)80029-7;
RA   Martal J.L., Chene N.M., Huynh L.P., L'Haridon R.M., Reinaud P.B.,
RA   Guillomot M.W., Charlier M.A., Charpigny S.Y.;
RT   "IFN-tau: a novel subtype I IFN1. Structural characteristics, non-
RT   ubiquitous expression, structure-function relationships, a pregnancy
RT   hormonal embryonic signal and cross-species therapeutic potentialities.";
RL   Biochimie 80:755-777(1998).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Paracrine hormone primarily responsible for maternal
CC       recognition of pregnancy. Interacts with endometrial receptors,
CC       probably type I interferon receptors, and blocks estrogen receptor
CC       expression, preventing the estrogen-induced increase in oxytocin
CC       receptor expression in the endometrium. This results in the suppression
CC       of the pulsatile endometrial release of the luteolytic hormone
CC       prostaglandin F2-alpha, hindering the regression of the corpus luteum
CC       (luteolysis) and therefore a return to ovarian cyclicity. This, and a
CC       possible direct effect of IFN-tau on prostaglandin synthesis, leads in
CC       turn to continued ovarian progesterone secretion, which stimulates the
CC       secretion by the endometrium of the nutrients required for the growth
CC       of the conceptus. In summary, displays particularly high antiviral and
CC       antiproliferative potency concurrently with particular weak
CC       cytotoxicity, high antiluteolytic activity and immunomodulatory
CC       properties. In contrast with other IFNs, IFN-tau is not virally
CC       inducible.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Note=Secreted into the uterine lumen.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Constitutively and exclusively expressed in the
CC       mononuclear cells of the extraembryonic trophectoderm.
CC   -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Major secretory product synthesized by the
CC       conceptus during a very short period in early pregnancy.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: IFN-tau genes are intronless. They evolved from IFN-
CC       omega genes in the ruminantia suborder and have continued to duplicate
CC       independently in different lineages of the ruminantia. They code for
CC       proteins very similar in sequence but with different biological potency
CC       and pattern of expression.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alpha/beta interferon family. IFN-alphaII
CC       subfamily. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; M73243; AAA30907.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   PIR; I46272; I46272.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P28171; -.
DR   SMR; P28171; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000291000; Unassembled WGS sequence.
DR   GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0005125; F:cytokine activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0005126; F:cytokine receptor binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0005179; F:hormone activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0051607; P:defense response to virus; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0007565; P:female pregnancy; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   CDD; cd00095; IFab; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 1.20.1250.10; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR009079; 4_helix_cytokine-like_core.
DR   InterPro; IPR000471; Interferon_alpha/beta/delta.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR11691; PTHR11691; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00143; Interferon; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00266; INTERFERONAB.
DR   SMART; SM00076; IFabd; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF47266; SSF47266; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00252; INTERFERON_A_B_D; 1.
PE   2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW   Antiviral defense; Cytokine; Disulfide bond; Hormone; Pregnancy;
KW   Reference proteome; Secreted; Signal.
FT   SIGNAL          1..23
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   CHAIN           24..195
FT                   /note="Interferon tau"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000016423"
FT   DISULFID        24..122
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   DISULFID        52..162
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
SQ   SEQUENCE   195 AA;  22172 MW;  049F91D3EB1CDB67 CRC64;
     MAFVLSLLMA LVLVSYGPGG SLGCYLSRRL MLDARENLRL LDRMNRLSPH SCQQDRKDFG
     LPQEMVEGDQ LQKDQASCVL YEMLQQSFNL FYTEHSSAAW DTTLLDQLCT GLQQQLDHLD
     TCRGQVMGEK DSELGNMDPI VTVKKYFQGI YYYLQEKGYS DCAWETVRVE MMRALTASTT
     LQKRLTKTGG DLNSP