ID   IFNT_GIRCA              Reviewed;         195 AA.
AC   Q95187;
DT   30-MAY-2000, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-FEB-1997, sequence version 1.
DT   25-MAY-2022, entry version 84.
DE   RecName: Full=Interferon tau;
DE            Short=IFN-tau;
DE   AltName: Full=Antiluteolysin;
DE   AltName: Full=Trophoblast antiluteolytic protein;
DE   AltName: Full=Trophoblast protein 1;
DE            Short=TP-1;
DE   AltName: Full=Trophoblastin;
DE   Flags: Precursor;
GN   Name=IFNT;
OS   Giraffa camelopardalis (Giraffe).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Artiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Giraffidae;
OC   Giraffa.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9894;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=8938571; DOI=10.1089/jir.1996.16.949;
RA   Liu L., Leaman D.W., Roberts R.M.;
RT   "The interferon-tau genes of the giraffe, a nonbovid species.";
RL   J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 16:949-951(1996).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Paracrine hormone primarily responsible for maternal
CC       recognition of pregnancy. Interacts with endometrial receptors,
CC       probably type I interferon receptors, and blocks estrogen receptor
CC       expression, preventing the estrogen-induced increase in oxytocin
CC       receptor expression in the endometrium. This results in the suppression
CC       of the pulsatile endometrial release of the luteolytic hormone
CC       prostaglandin F2-alpha, hindering the regression of the corpus luteum
CC       (luteolysis) and therefore a return to ovarian cyclicity. This, and a
CC       possible direct effect of IFN-tau on prostaglandin synthesis, leads in
CC       turn to continued ovarian progesterone secretion, which stimulates the
CC       secretion by the endometrium of the nutrients required for the growth
CC       of the conceptus. In summary, displays particularly high antiviral and
CC       antiproliferative potency concurrently with particular weak
CC       cytotoxicity, high antiluteolytic activity and immunomodulatory
CC       properties. In contrast with other IFNs, IFN-tau is not virally
CC       inducible (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Note=Secreted into the uterine lumen.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alpha/beta interferon family. IFN-alphaII
CC       subfamily. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; U55050; AAA99814.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q95187; -.
DR   SMR; Q95187; -.
DR   GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0005125; F:cytokine activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0005126; F:cytokine receptor binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0005179; F:hormone activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0051607; P:defense response to virus; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0007565; P:female pregnancy; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   CDD; cd00095; IFab; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 1.20.1250.10; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR009079; 4_helix_cytokine-like_core.
DR   InterPro; IPR000471; Interferon_alpha/beta/delta.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR11691; PTHR11691; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00143; Interferon; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00266; INTERFERONAB.
DR   SMART; SM00076; IFabd; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF47266; SSF47266; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00252; INTERFERON_A_B_D; 1.
PE   3: Inferred from homology;
KW   Antiviral defense; Cytokine; Disulfide bond; Hormone; Pregnancy; Secreted;
KW   Signal.
FT   SIGNAL          1..23
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   CHAIN           24..195
FT                   /note="Interferon tau"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000016425"
FT   DISULFID        52..162
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   DISULFID        87..109
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
SQ   SEQUENCE   195 AA;  22046 MW;  5073F22BBF4B5DFA CRC64;
     MAFMLSLLMA LVLVSYGLGG SLGCYLSENH MLHAQKNLKL LARMNRLSPH SCLQDRKDFG
     LPRKMVEGSQ LQKDQAISVL HEMLQQCFNL FHTERSSAAW DNTLLEQLCT GLHQQLDDLD
     ARLGPLMGQK DSGMGRMGPI LTVKKYFQGI HVYLKEKKYS DCAWEVIRVE MMRALSSSTT
     LQERLKKMGG NLNSP