IL10_CHICK
ID IL10_CHICK Reviewed; 175 AA.
AC Q6A2H4; Q6A2H5;
DT 24-JUL-2007, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 24-JUL-2007, sequence version 2.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 132.
DE RecName: Full=Interleukin-10;
DE Short=IL-10;
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=IL10 {ECO:0000312|EMBL:CAF21727.1};
OS Gallus gallus (Chicken).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC Archelosauria; Archosauria; Dinosauria; Saurischia; Theropoda;
OC Coelurosauria; Aves; Neognathae; Galloanserae; Galliformes; Phasianidae;
OC Phasianinae; Gallus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9031;
RN [1] {ECO:0000305, ECO:0000312|EMBL:CAF21727.1}
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA], FUNCTION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RC TISSUE=Cecum {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15294985};
RX PubMed=15294985; DOI=10.4049/jimmunol.173.4.2675;
RA Rothwell L., Young J.R., Zoorob R., Whittaker C.A., Hesketh P., Archer A.,
RA Smith A.L., Kaiser P.;
RT "Cloning and characterization of chicken IL-10 and its role in the immune
RT response to Eimeria maxima.";
RL J. Immunol. 173:2675-2682(2004).
RN [2] {ECO:0000305}
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=15932414; DOI=10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01264.x;
RA Yilmaz A., Shen S., Adelson D.L., Xavier S., Zhu J.;
RT "Annotation of the chicken IL10 gene cluster and effects of
RT lipopolysaccharide stimulation on IL10 gene expression.";
RL Anim. Genet. 36:263-265(2005).
RN [3] {ECO:0000305}
RP INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=16996141; DOI=10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.07.007;
RA Hong Y.H., Lillehoj H.S., Lee S.H., Dalloul R.A., Lillehoj E.P.;
RT "Analysis of chicken cytokine and chemokine gene expression following
RT Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria tenella infections.";
RL Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 114:209-223(2006).
RN [4] {ECO:0000305}
RP INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=17045659; DOI=10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.08.006;
RA Hong Y.H., Lillehoj H.S., Lillehoj E.P., Lee S.H.;
RT "Changes in immune-related gene expression and intestinal lymphocyte
RT subpopulations following Eimeria maxima infection of chickens.";
RL Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 114:259-272(2006).
RN [5] {ECO:0000305}
RP DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX PubMed=17575181; DOI=10.1093/ps/86.7.1351;
RA Abdul-Careem M.F., Hunter D.B., Lambourne M.D., Barta J., Sharif S.;
RT "Ontogeny of cytokine gene expression in the chicken spleen.";
RL Poult. Sci. 86:1351-1355(2007).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of
CC the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions,
CC limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation.
CC Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising
CC IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of
CC STAT3. In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives
CC expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Targets antigen-presenting
CC cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their
CC release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage
CC colony-stimulating factor /GM-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating
CC factor/G-CSF, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha.
CC Interferes also with antigen presentation by reducing the expression of
CC MHC-class II and co-stimulatory molecules, thereby inhibiting their
CC ability to induce T cell activation (By similarity). In addition,
CC controls the inflammatory response of macrophages by reprogramming
CC essential metabolic pathways including mTOR signaling (By similarity).
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P18893, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P22301}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer. Interacts with IL10RA and IL10RB.
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P22301}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P22301}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed predominantly in bursa of Fabricius and
CC cecal tonsils with low levels in thymus, liver and lung.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15294985}.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expression is detected as early as embryonic day
CC 12. Higher expression in spleen of post-hatch chickens than embryos.
CC Gradual increase in expression in the spleen which peaks by day 7 post-
CC hatch. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17575181}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: By lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in white blood cells, liver and
CC spleen 3 hours after treatment. Decreases to basal levels 8 hours after
CC treatment. By primary infection with E.acervulina and E.tenella.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15932414, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16996141,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:17045659}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Chickens susceptible to E.maxima infection show higher
CC constitutive and post-infection levels in spleen and higher post-
CC infection levels in small intestine than infection-resistant animals.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15294985}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IL-10 family. {ECO:0000255}.
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DR EMBL; AJ621614; CAF21727.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AJ621254; CAF18432.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AY647438; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; mRNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_001004414.2; NM_001004414.2.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q6A2H4; -.
DR SMR; Q6A2H4; -.
DR STRING; 9031.ENSGALP00000001310; -.
DR PaxDb; Q6A2H4; -.
DR PRIDE; Q6A2H4; -.
DR Ensembl; ENSGALT00000001312; ENSGALP00000001310; ENSGALG00000000892.
DR GeneID; 428264; -.
DR KEGG; gga:428264; -.
DR CTD; 3586; -.
DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:geneid_428264; -.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502S22U; Eukaryota.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00950000183124; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_127747_0_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q6A2H4; -.
DR OMA; MIQFYLV; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1389566at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q6A2H4; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q6A2H4; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000000539; Chromosome 26.
DR Bgee; ENSGALG00000000892; Expressed in granulocyte and 1 other tissue.
DR ExpressionAtlas; Q6A2H4; baseline and differential.
DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0005125; F:cytokine activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0046983; F:protein dimerization activity; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0035729; P:cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0071222; P:cellular response to lipopolysaccharide; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0002439; P:chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0042742; P:defense response to bacterium; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0042832; P:defense response to protozoan; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0010507; P:negative regulation of autophagy; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0030889; P:negative regulation of B cell proliferation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0002875; P:negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0060302; P:negative regulation of cytokine activity; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0002719; P:negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:2000352; P:negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0034115; P:negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1903208; P:negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron death; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0032689; P:negative regulation of interferon-gamma production; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0032695; P:negative regulation of interleukin-12 production; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0032715; P:negative regulation of interleukin-6 production; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0051045; P:negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0045347; P:negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0030886; P:negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0045019; P:negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0002826; P:negative regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response; IC:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0032720; P:negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1904706; P:negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0002904; P:positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0045787; P:positive regulation of cell cycle; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0001819; P:positive regulation of cytokine production; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0051091; P:positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0001938; P:positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0002639; P:positive regulation of immunoglobulin production; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0045348; P:positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1902895; P:positive regulation of miRNA transcription; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1900100; P:positive regulation of plasma cell differentiation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0046427; P:positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:2000273; P:positive regulation of signaling receptor activity; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1903672; P:positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0045944; P:positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1903034; P:regulation of response to wounding; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0051384; P:response to glucocorticoid; IEA:Ensembl.
DR Gene3D; 1.20.1250.10; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR009079; 4_helix_cytokine-like_core.
DR InterPro; IPR000098; IL-10.
DR InterPro; IPR020443; IL-10/19/20/22/24/26_fam.
DR Pfam; PF00726; IL10; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR01294; INTRLEUKIN10.
DR SMART; SM00188; IL10; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF47266; SSF47266; 1.
PE 2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW Cytokine; Disulfide bond; Reference proteome; Secreted; Signal.
FT SIGNAL 1..21
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CHAIN 22..175
FT /note="Interleukin-10"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT /id="PRO_0000296319"
FT DISULFID 26..123
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P22301"
FT DISULFID 77..129
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P22301"
FT CONFLICT 120
FT /note="M -> I (in Ref. 1; CAF21727)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ SEQUENCE 175 AA; 20514 MW; B0966EBEAFDFB050 CRC64;
MQTCCQALLL LLAACTLPAH CLEPTCLHFS ELLPARLREL RVKFEEIKDY FQSRDDELNI
QLLSSELLDE FKGTFGCQSV SEMLRFYTDE VLPRAMQTST SHQQSMGDLG NMLLGLKATM
RRCHRFFTCE KRSKAIKQIK ETFEKMDENG IYKAMGEFDI FINYIEEYLL MRRRK
