IL6_VULVU
ID IL6_VULVU Reviewed; 207 AA.
AC Q25BC2;
DT 16-MAY-2006, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 18-APR-2006, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 62.
DE RecName: Full=Interleukin-6;
DE Short=IL-6;
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=IL6;
OS Vulpes vulpes (Red fox).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Carnivora; Caniformia; Canidae; Vulpes.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9627;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RX PubMed=16321447; DOI=10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.10.006;
RA Rolland-Turner M., Farre G., Boue F.;
RT "Cloning of fox (Vulpes vulpes) IL2, IL6, IL10 and IFNgamma and analysis of
RT their expression by quantitative RT-PCR in fox PBMC after in vitro
RT stimulation by concanavalin A.";
RL Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 110:369-375(2006).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions in
CC immunity, tissue regeneration, and metabolism. Binds to IL6R, then the
CC complex associates to the signaling subunit IL6ST/gp130 to trigger the
CC intracellular IL6-signaling pathway. The interaction with the membrane-
CC bound IL6R and IL6ST stimulates 'classic signaling', whereas the
CC binding of IL6 and soluble IL6R to IL6ST stimulates 'trans-signaling'.
CC Alternatively, 'cluster signaling' occurs when membrane-bound IL6:IL6R
CC complexes on transmitter cells activate IL6ST receptors on neighboring
CC receiver cells. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05231}.
CC -!- FUNCTION: IL6 is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Rapid
CC production of IL6 contributes to host defense during infection and
CC tissue injury, but excessive IL6 synthesis is involved in disease
CC pathology. In the innate immune response, is synthesized by myeloid
CC cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, upon recognition of
CC pathogens through toll-like receptors (TLRs) at the site of infection
CC or tissue injury (By similarity). In the adaptive immune response, is
CC required for the differentiation of B cells into immunoglobulin-
CC secreting cells. Plays a major role in the differentiation of CD4(+) T
CC cell subsets. Essential factor for the development of T follicular
CC helper (Tfh) cells that are required for the induction of germinal-
CC center formation. Required to drive naive CD4(+) T cells to the Th17
CC lineage. Also required for proliferation of myeloma cells and the
CC survival of plasmablast cells (By similarity).
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05231, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P08505}.
CC -!- FUNCTION: Acts as an essential factor in bone homeostasis and on
CC vessels directly or indirectly by induction of VEGF, resulting in
CC increased angiogenesis activity and vascular permeability. Induces,
CC through 'trans-signaling' and synergistically with IL1B and TNF, the
CC production of VEGF. Involved in metabolic controls, is discharged into
CC the bloodstream after muscle contraction increasing lipolysis and
CC improving insulin resistance (By similarity). 'Trans-signaling' in
CC central nervous system also regulates energy and glucose homeostasis.
CC Mediates, through GLP-1, crosstalk between insulin-sensitive tissues,
CC intestinal L cells and pancreatic islets to adapt to changes in insulin
CC demand (By similarity). Also acts as a myokine (By similarity). Plays a
CC protective role during liver injury, being required for maintenance of
CC tissue regeneration (By similarity). Also has a pivotal role in iron
CC metabolism by regulating HAMP/hepcidin expression upon inflammation or
CC bacterial infection (By similarity). Through activation of IL6ST-YAP-
CC NOTCH pathway, induces inflammation-induced epithelial regeneration (By
CC similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05231,
CC ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P08505}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Component of a hexamer of two molecules each of IL6, IL6R and
CC IL6ST; first binds to IL6R to associate with the signaling subunit
CC IL6ST. Interacts with IL6R (via the N-terminal ectodomain); this
CC interaction may be affected by IL6R-binding with SORL1, hence
CC decreasing IL6 cis signaling. Interacts with SORL1 (via the N-terminal
CC ectodomain); this interaction leads to IL6 internalization and
CC lysosomal degradation. May form a trimeric complex with the soluble
CC SORL1 ectodomain and soluble IL6R receptor; this interaction might
CC stabilize circulating IL6, hence promoting IL6 trans signaling.
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05231}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05231}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IL-6 superfamily. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; AJ621189; CAF18413.1; -; mRNA.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q25BC2; -.
DR SMR; Q25BC2; -.
DR STRING; 9627.ENSVVUP00000001673; -.
DR OMA; ENAKAMQ; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000286640; Unplaced.
DR GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0005896; C:interleukin-6 receptor complex; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0005125; F:cytokine activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0008083; F:growth factor activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0005138; F:interleukin-6 receptor binding; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0006953; P:acute-phase response; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0070301; P:cellular response to hydrogen peroxide; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0071222; P:cellular response to lipopolysaccharide; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0051607; P:defense response to virus; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0042593; P:glucose homeostasis; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0002384; P:hepatic immune response; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0072574; P:hepatocyte proliferation; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0070102; P:interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0097421; P:liver regeneration; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0043066; P:negative regulation of apoptotic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0032966; P:negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:2000635; P:negative regulation of primary miRNA processing; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0031175; P:neuron projection development; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0001781; P:neutrophil apoptotic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0002675; P:positive regulation of acute inflammatory response; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1902512; P:positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0043065; P:positive regulation of apoptotic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0050871; P:positive regulation of B cell activation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0032722; P:positive regulation of chemokine production; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1900017; P:positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0051091; P:positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0010718; P:positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0090091; P:positive regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0060252; P:positive regulation of glial cell proliferation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0002639; P:positive regulation of immunoglobulin production; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0032731; P:positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0032733; P:positive regulation of interleukin-10 production; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0032755; P:positive regulation of interleukin-6 production; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0032757; P:positive regulation of interleukin-8 production; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1904996; P:positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0043410; P:positive regulation of MAPK cascade; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1903800; P:positive regulation of miRNA maturation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0045669; P:positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0033138; P:positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1901731; P:positive regulation of platelet aggregation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0046427; P:positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1904894; P:positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0048661; P:positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0042102; P:positive regulation of T cell proliferation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0045944; P:positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0045727; P:positive regulation of translation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0032760; P:positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0042531; P:positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0010575; P:positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0070092; P:regulation of glucagon secretion; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0050796; P:regulation of insulin secretion; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0014823; P:response to activity; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0051384; P:response to glucocorticoid; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0072540; P:T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0010573; P:vascular endothelial growth factor production; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR Gene3D; 1.20.1250.10; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR009079; 4_helix_cytokine-like_core.
DR InterPro; IPR003574; IL-6.
DR InterPro; IPR030474; IL-6/GCSF/MGF.
DR InterPro; IPR030473; IL6/GCSF/MGF_CS.
DR PANTHER; PTHR10511; PTHR10511; 1.
DR PANTHER; PTHR10511:SF3; PTHR10511:SF3; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00489; IL6; 1.
DR PIRSF; PIRSF001935; IL6_MGF_GCSF; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR00433; IL6GCSFMGF.
DR SMART; SM00126; IL6; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF47266; SSF47266; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00254; INTERLEUKIN_6; 1.
PE 2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW Acute phase; Cytokine; Disulfide bond; Growth factor; Phosphoprotein;
KW Reference proteome; Secreted; Signal.
FT SIGNAL 1..20
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CHAIN 21..207
FT /note="Interleukin-6"
FT /id="PRO_0000235172"
FT MOD_RES 76
FT /note="Phosphoserine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05231"
FT DISULFID 67..73
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT DISULFID 96..106
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
SQ SEQUENCE 207 AA; 23043 MW; 91126FC1BA69DB87 CRC64;
MNSLSTSAFS LGLLLVMATA FPTPGPLAGD SKDDATSISL PLTSANKVEE LIKYILGKIS
ALRKEMCDKF NKCEDSKEAL AENNLHLPIL EGKDGCFQSG FNQETCLTRI TTGLMEFQLH
LNILQNNYEG DKENAQSVHM STKILVQMLK SKVKNQDEVT TPDPTTDATL QAILQSQNEW
LKHTTIHLIL RSLEDFLQFS LRAVRIM
