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APOE_ARCGZ
ID   APOE_ARCGZ              Reviewed;         329 AA.
AC   P0DTT1;
DT   26-FEB-2020, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   26-FEB-2020, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 6.
DE   RecName: Full=Apolipoprotein E;
DE            Short=Apo-E;
DE   Flags: Precursor;
GN   Name=APOE;
OS   Arctocephalus gazella (Antarctic fur seal).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Carnivora; Caniformia; Otariidae; Arctocephalus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=37190;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RA   Pophaly D.S., Wolf J.;
RL   Submitted (JUL-2018) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [2]
RP   IDENTIFICATION.
RA   Puppione D.L.;
RL   Unpublished observations (DEC-2019).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: APOE is an apolipoprotein, a protein associating with lipid
CC       particles, that mainly functions in lipoprotein-mediated lipid
CC       transport between organs via the plasma and interstitial fluids. APOE
CC       is a core component of plasma lipoproteins and is involved in their
CC       production, conversion and clearance. Apoliproteins are amphipathic
CC       molecules that interact both with lipids of the lipoprotein particle
CC       core and the aqueous environment of the plasma. As such, APOE
CC       associates with chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density
CC       lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) but
CC       shows a preferential binding to high-density lipoproteins (HDL). It
CC       also binds a wide range of cellular receptors including the LDL
CC       receptor/LDLR, the LDL receptor-related proteins LRP1, LRP2 and LRP8
CC       and the very low-density lipoprotein receptor/VLDLR that mediate the
CC       cellular uptake of the APOE-containing lipoprotein particles. Finally,
CC       APOE has also a heparin-binding activity and binds heparan-sulfate
CC       proteoglycans on the surface of cells, a property that supports the
CC       capture and the receptor-mediated uptake of APOE-containing
CC       lipoproteins by cells. A main function of APOE is to mediate
CC       lipoprotein clearance through the uptake of chylomicrons, VLDLs, and
CC       HDLs by hepatocytes. APOE is also involved in the biosynthesis by the
CC       liver of VLDLs as well as their uptake by peripheral tissues ensuring
CC       the delivery of triglycerides and energy storage in muscle, heart and
CC       adipose tissues. By participating in the lipoprotein-mediated
CC       distribution of lipids among tissues, APOE plays a critical role in
CC       plasma and tissues lipid homeostasis. APOE is also involved in two
CC       steps of reverse cholesterol transport, the HDLs-mediated transport of
CC       cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver, and thereby plays an
CC       important role in cholesterol homeostasis. First, it is functionally
CC       associated with ABCA1 in the biogenesis of HDLs in tissues. Second, it
CC       is enriched in circulating HDLs and mediates their uptake by
CC       hepatocytes. APOE also plays an important role in lipid transport in
CC       the central nervous system, regulating neuron survival and sprouting.
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Homotetramer. May interact with ABCA1; functionally associated
CC       with ABCA1 in the biogenesis of HDLs. May interact with APP/A4 amyloid-
CC       beta peptide; the interaction is extremely stable in vitro but its
CC       physiological significance is unclear. May interact with MAPT. May
CC       interact with MAP2. In the cerebrospinal fluid, interacts with secreted
CC       SORL1. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}.
CC       Secreted, extracellular space {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}. Secreted,
CC       extracellular space, extracellular matrix
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}. Note=In the plasma, APOE is associated
CC       with chylomicrons, chylomicrons remnants, VLDL, LDL and HDL
CC       lipoproteins. Lipid poor oligomeric APOE is associated with the
CC       extracellular matrix in a calcium- and heparan-sulfate proteoglycans-
CC       dependent manner. Lipidation induces the release from the extracellular
CC       matrix. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}.
CC   -!- PTM: APOE exists as multiple glycosylated and sialylated glycoforms
CC       within cells and in plasma. The extent of glycosylation and sialylation
CC       are tissue and context specific. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}.
CC   -!- PTM: Glycated in plasma VLDL. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}.
CC   -!- PTM: Phosphorylated by FAM20C in the extracellular medium.
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; UIRR01000011; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P0DTT1; -.
DR   SMR; P0DTT1; -.
DR   GO; GO:0042627; C:chylomicron; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0034364; C:high-density lipoprotein particle; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0034361; C:very-low-density lipoprotein particle; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0008201; F:heparin binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0008289; F:lipid binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0006869; P:lipid transport; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0042157; P:lipoprotein metabolic process; IEA:InterPro.
DR   InterPro; IPR000074; ApoA_E.
DR   Pfam; PF01442; Apolipoprotein; 1.
PE   3: Inferred from homology;
KW   Chylomicron; Extracellular matrix; Glycoprotein; HDL; Heparin-binding;
KW   Lipid transport; Lipid-binding; Oxidation; Phosphoprotein; Repeat;
KW   Secreted; Signal; Transport; VLDL.
FT   SIGNAL          1..18
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   CHAIN           19..329
FT                   /note="Apolipoprotein E"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000449197"
FT   REPEAT          92..113
FT                   /note="1"
FT   REPEAT          114..135
FT                   /note="2"
FT   REPEAT          136..157
FT                   /note="3"
FT   REPEAT          158..179
FT                   /note="4"
FT   REPEAT          180..201
FT                   /note="5"
FT   REPEAT          202..223
FT                   /note="6"
FT   REPEAT          224..245
FT                   /note="7"
FT   REPEAT          246..267
FT                   /note="8"
FT   REGION          92..267
FT                   /note="8 X 22 AA approximate tandem repeats"
FT   REGION          170..180
FT                   /note="LDL and other lipoprotein receptors binding"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649"
FT   REGION          222..302
FT                   /note="Lipid-binding and lipoprotein association"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649"
FT   REGION          278..329
FT                   /note="Homooligomerization"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649"
FT   REGION          290..302
FT                   /note="Specificity for association with VLDL"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649"
FT   BINDING         174..177
FT                   /ligand="heparin"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:28304"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649"
FT   BINDING         241..248
FT                   /ligand="heparin"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:28304"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649"
FT   MOD_RES         155
FT                   /note="Methionine sulfoxide"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P08226"
FT   MOD_RES         159
FT                   /note="Phosphoserine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649"
SQ   SEQUENCE   329 AA;  38004 MW;  DEF1E151AF330849 CRC64;
     MKVLWAALVV ALLAGCWADV EPESPLEENL EPELEPKREL EQEVEPEAGW QAGQPWELAL
     ARFWDYLRWV QTLSDQVQEE VLSNQVTQEL TTLMEETMKE IKAYRAELEE QLGPMASETQ
     ARVAKELQAA QARLRSDMED VRTRLSQYRG EVQAMLGQST EELRARFASH MRKLRKRVLR
     DAEDLQKRLA VYRAGVREGA ERSVSTIRER LWPLLEQART RHAKVDALAT QPLRERVNAL
     GQQLRGRLEE MGSRARSHLD EVREQMEEVQ AKMEEQANQM RQQAEPFQAR LKGWFEPLVE
     DMQRQWAVLV EKVQAAVGTS PTTPPVETK
 
 
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