APOE_BOVIN
ID APOE_BOVIN Reviewed; 316 AA.
AC Q03247; Q3T006; Q5E967;
DT 01-OCT-1993, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-OCT-1993, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 142.
DE RecName: Full=Apolipoprotein E;
DE Short=Apo-E;
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=APOE;
OS Bos taurus (Bovine).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Artiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae;
OC Bovinae; Bos.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9913;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC TISSUE=Liver;
RX PubMed=8422503; DOI=10.1007/bf00364665;
RA Brzozowska A., Fries R., Womack J.E., Grimholt U., Myklebost O., Rogne S.;
RT "Isolation, sequencing, and expression analysis of a bovine apolipoprotein
RT E (APOE) cDNA and chromosomal localization of the APOE locus.";
RL Mamm. Genome 4:53-57(1993).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RX PubMed=1908018; DOI=10.1007/bf02102649;
RA Yang Y.W., Chan L., Li W.H.;
RT "Cloning and sequencing of bovine apolipoprotein E complementary DNA and
RT molecular evolution of apolipoproteins E, C-I, and C-II.";
RL J. Mol. Evol. 32:469-475(1991).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RX PubMed=16305752; DOI=10.1186/1471-2164-6-166;
RA Harhay G.P., Sonstegard T.S., Keele J.W., Heaton M.P., Clawson M.L.,
RA Snelling W.M., Wiedmann R.T., Van Tassell C.P., Smith T.P.L.;
RT "Characterization of 954 bovine full-CDS cDNA sequences.";
RL BMC Genomics 6:166-166(2005).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC STRAIN=Hereford; TISSUE=Testis;
RG NIH - Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) project;
RL Submitted (AUG-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [5]
RP GLYCOSYLATION AT THR-32; THR-211; THR-309 AND SER-310, AND IDENTIFICATION
RP BY MASS SPECTROMETRY.
RX PubMed=19674964; DOI=10.1074/mcp.m900211-mcp200;
RA Darula Z., Medzihradszky K.F.;
RT "Affinity enrichment and characterization of mucin core-1 type
RT glycopeptides from bovine serum.";
RL Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8:2515-2526(2009).
CC -!- FUNCTION: APOE is an apolipoprotein, a protein associating with lipid
CC particles, that mainly functions in lipoprotein-mediated lipid
CC transport between organs via the plasma and interstitial fluids. APOE
CC is a core component of plasma lipoproteins and is involved in their
CC production, conversion and clearance. Apoliproteins are amphipathic
CC molecules that interact both with lipids of the lipoprotein particle
CC core and the aqueous environment of the plasma. As such, APOE
CC associates with chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density
CC lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) but
CC shows a preferential binding to high-density lipoproteins (HDL). It
CC also binds a wide range of cellular receptors including the LDL
CC receptor/LDLR and the very low-density lipoprotein receptor/VLDLR that
CC mediate the cellular uptake of the APOE-containing lipoprotein
CC particles. Finally, APOE has also a heparin-binding activity and binds
CC heparan-sulfate proteoglycans on the surface of cells, a property that
CC supports the capture and the receptor-mediated uptake of APOE-
CC containing lipoproteins by cells. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homotetramer. May interact with ABCA1; functionally associated
CC with ABCA1 in the biogenesis of HDLs. May interact with APP/A4 amyloid-
CC beta peptide; the interaction is extremely stable in vitro but its
CC physiological significance is unclear. May interact with MAPT. May
CC interact with MAP2. In the cerebrospinal fluid, interacts with secreted
CC SORL1. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}.
CC Secreted, extracellular space {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}. Secreted,
CC extracellular space, extracellular matrix
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}. Note=In the plasma, APOE is associated
CC with chylomicrons, chylomicrons remnants, VLDL, LDL and HDL
CC lipoproteins. Lipid poor oligomeric APOE is associated with the
CC extracellular matrix in a calcium- and heparan-sulfate proteoglycans-
CC dependent manner. Lipidation induces the release from the extracellular
CC matrix. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}.
CC -!- PTM: APOE exists as multiple glycosylated and sialylated glycoforms
CC within cells and in plasma. The extent of glycosylation and sialylation
CC are tissue and context specific. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}.
CC -!- PTM: Glycated in plasma VLDL. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}.
CC -!- PTM: Phosphorylated by FAM20C in the extracellular medium.
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; X64839; CAA46051.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; X61171; CAA43479.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BT021053; AAX09070.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC102620; AAI02621.1; -; mRNA.
DR PIR; I45996; I45996.
DR PIR; S26478; S26478.
DR RefSeq; NP_776416.1; NM_173991.2.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q03247; -.
DR SMR; Q03247; -.
DR STRING; 9913.ENSBTAP00000013354; -.
DR GlyConnect; 813; 2 O-Linked glycans (4 sites).
DR iPTMnet; Q03247; -.
DR PaxDb; Q03247; -.
DR PeptideAtlas; Q03247; -.
DR PRIDE; Q03247; -.
DR GeneID; 281004; -.
DR KEGG; bta:281004; -.
DR CTD; 348; -.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502QVD6; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_066029_0_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q03247; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1314660at2759; -.
DR TreeFam; TF334458; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000009136; Unplaced.
DR GO; GO:0042627; C:chylomicron; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0031012; C:extracellular matrix; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0034364; C:high-density lipoprotein particle; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0034363; C:intermediate-density lipoprotein particle; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0034362; C:low-density lipoprotein particle; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0034361; C:very-low-density lipoprotein particle; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0001540; F:amyloid-beta binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0043395; F:heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0008201; F:heparin binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0042802; F:identical protein binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0008289; F:lipid binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0050750; F:low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0070326; F:very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0006707; P:cholesterol catabolic process; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0033344; P:cholesterol efflux; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0034382; P:chylomicron remnant clearance; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0034380; P:high-density lipoprotein particle assembly; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0071831; P:intermediate-density lipoprotein particle clearance; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0042158; P:lipoprotein biosynthetic process; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0042159; P:lipoprotein catabolic process; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:1905907; P:negative regulation of amyloid fibril formation; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0043524; P:negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:1900223; P:positive regulation of amyloid-beta clearance; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0051000; P:positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:1900221; P:regulation of amyloid-beta clearance; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0071830; P:triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle clearance; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0034447; P:very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR InterPro; IPR000074; ApoA_E.
DR Pfam; PF01442; Apolipoprotein; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Chylomicron; Extracellular matrix; Glycoprotein; HDL; Heparin-binding;
KW Lipid transport; Lipid-binding; Oxidation; Phosphoprotein;
KW Reference proteome; Repeat; Secreted; Signal; Transport; VLDL.
FT SIGNAL 1..18
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CHAIN 19..316
FT /note="Apolipoprotein E"
FT /id="PRO_0000001984"
FT REPEAT 79..100
FT /note="1"
FT REPEAT 101..122
FT /note="2"
FT REPEAT 123..144
FT /note="3"
FT REPEAT 145..166
FT /note="4"
FT REPEAT 167..188
FT /note="5"
FT REPEAT 189..210
FT /note="6"
FT REPEAT 211..232
FT /note="7"
FT REPEAT 233..254
FT /note="8"
FT REGION 79..254
FT /note="8 X 22 AA approximate tandem repeats"
FT REGION 157..167
FT /note="LDL and other lipoprotein receptors binding"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649"
FT REGION 209..289
FT /note="Lipid-binding and lipoprotein association"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649"
FT REGION 265..316
FT /note="Homooligomerization"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649"
FT REGION 277..289
FT /note="Specificity for association with VLDL"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649"
FT BINDING 161..164
FT /ligand="heparin"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:28304"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649"
FT BINDING 228..235
FT /ligand="heparin"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:28304"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649"
FT MOD_RES 142
FT /note="Methionine sulfoxide"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P08226"
FT MOD_RES 146
FT /note="Phosphoserine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P02649"
FT CARBOHYD 32
FT /note="O-linked (GalNAc...) threonine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:19674964"
FT CARBOHYD 211
FT /note="O-linked (GalNAc...) threonine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:19674964"
FT CARBOHYD 309
FT /note="O-linked (GalNAc...) threonine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:19674964"
FT CARBOHYD 310
FT /note="O-linked (GalNAc...) serine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:19674964"
FT CONFLICT 129..130
FT /note="RN -> CG (in Ref. 2; CAA43479)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 162
FT /note="P -> R (in Ref. 3; AAX09070 and 4; AAI02621)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ SEQUENCE 316 AA; 35980 MW; 1231292FC8DA9F1E CRC64;
MKVLWVAVVV ALLAGCQADM EGELGPEEPL TTQQPRGKDS QPWEQALGRF WDYLRWVQTL
SDQVQEELLN TQVIQELTAL MEETMKEVKA YKEELEGQLG PMAQETQARV SKELQAAQAR
LGSDMEDLRN RLAQYRSEVQ AMLGQSTEEL RARMASHLRK LPKRLLRDAD DLKKRLAVYQ
AGASEGAERS LSAIRERFGP LVEQGQSRAA TLSTLAGQPL LERAEAWRQK LHGRLEEVGV
RAQDRLDKIR QQLEEVHAKV EEQGNQMRLQ AEAFQARLRS WFEPLVEDMQ RQWAGLVEKV
QLALRPSPTS PPSENH
