IRX2_XENLA
ID IRX2_XENLA Reviewed; 455 AA.
AC Q6DCQ1;
DT 03-NOV-2009, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 16-AUG-2004, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 94.
DE RecName: Full=Iroquois-class homeodomain protein irx-2 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9BZI1};
DE Short=Irx2-A {ECO:0000312|EMBL:AAH77951.1};
DE AltName: Full=Iroquois homeobox protein 2 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9BZI1};
DE Short=Xiro2 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:9427752};
GN Name=irx2; Synonyms=iro2 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:9427752}, irx2-a;
OS Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Amphibia;
OC Batrachia; Anura; Pipoidea; Pipidae; Xenopodinae; Xenopus; Xenopus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=8355;
RN [1] {ECO:0000305}
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND INDUCTION.
RC TISSUE=Gastrula {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9427752};
RX PubMed=9427752; DOI=10.1093/emboj/17.1.181;
RA Gomez-Skarmeta J.L., Glavic A., de la Calle-Mustienes E., Modolell J.,
RA Mayor R.;
RT "Xiro, a Xenopus homolog of the Drosophila Iroquois complex genes, controls
RT development at the neural plate.";
RL EMBO J. 17:181-190(1998).
RN [2] {ECO:0000312|EMBL:AAH77951.1}
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC TISSUE=Tail bud {ECO:0000312|EMBL:AAH77951.1};
RG NIH - Xenopus Gene Collection (XGC) project;
RL Submitted (JUL-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [3] {ECO:0000305}
RP FUNCTION.
RX PubMed=12385755; DOI=10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00296-4;
RA de la Calle-Mustienes E., Glavic A., Modolell J., Gomez-Skarmeta J.L.;
RT "Xiro homeoproteins coordinate cell cycle exit and primary neuron formation
RT by upregulating neuronal-fate repressors and downregulating the cell-cycle
RT inhibitor XGadd45-gamma.";
RL Mech. Dev. 119:69-80(2002).
RN [4] {ECO:0000305}
RP DISPENSABILITY IN PRONEPHROS DEVELOPMENT, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=17875669; DOI=10.1101/gad.450707;
RA Reggiani L., Raciti D., Airik R., Kispert A., Braendli A.W.;
RT "The prepattern transcription factor Irx3 directs nephron segment
RT identity.";
RL Genes Dev. 21:2358-2370(2007).
RN [5] {ECO:0000305}
RP DISPENSABILITY IN PRONEPHROS DEVELOPMENT, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=18715948; DOI=10.1242/dev.023697;
RA Alarcon P., Rodriguez-Seguel E., Fernandez-Gonzalez A., Rubio R.,
RA Gomez-Skarmeta J.L.;
RT "A dual requirement for Iroquois genes during Xenopus kidney development.";
RL Development 135:3197-3207(2008).
RN [6] {ECO:0000305}
RP INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=19250931; DOI=10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.02.019;
RA Yan B., Neilson K.M., Moody S.A.;
RT "foxD5 plays a critical upstream role in regulating neural ectodermal fate
RT and the onset of neural differentiation.";
RL Dev. Biol. 329:80-95(2009).
RN [7] {ECO:0000305}
RP FUNCTION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=19268445; DOI=10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.02.028;
RA Rodriguez-Seguel E., Alarcon P., Gomez-Skarmeta J.L.;
RT "The Xenopus Irx genes are essential for neural patterning and define the
RT border between prethalamus and thalamus through mutual antagonism with the
RT anterior repressors Fezf and Arx.";
RL Dev. Biol. 329:258-268(2009).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Acts partially redundantly with other irx members in neural
CC patterning. Required for formation of the posterior forebrain,
CC midbrain, hindbrain, and to a lesser extent, spinal cord. Acts early in
CC neural plate development to induce expression of some but not all
CC proneural genes, and specify a neural precursor state. Also up-
CC regulates repressors that prevent neuronal differentiation. Patterns
CC the neuroectoderm in both the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral
CC axes. Probably dispensable for pronephric kidney development.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12385755, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17875669,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:18715948, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19268445,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9427752}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000255, ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: First expressed at gastrula stage 10 in a large
CC region of the dorsolateral ectoderm that includes most of the
CC prospective neural plate. Subsequently expressed in two domains, one
CC within the anterior ectoderm (outside the neural plate) and the other
CC within the neural plate. Within the neural plate, expression extends
CC from the midbrain-hindbrain junction up to, and including, the spinal
CC cord. Expressed in the placodes. Also expressed in specific and
CC overlapping dynamic patterns with irx1 and irx3 during pronephric
CC kidney development. Renal expression begins in late neurula stages in
CC the pronephric anlage, and persists in the pronephros where expression
CC is confined to the intermediate tubule segment IT1.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17875669, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18715948,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:19268445, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9427752}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: By a combination of a neural inducing signal (nog/noggin)
CC and a posteriorizing signal (retinoic acid). Inhibited in the neural
CC plate by foxd5. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19250931,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9427752}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TALE/IRO homeobox family. {ECO:0000255}.
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DR EMBL; AJ001835; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC077951; AAH77951.1; -; mRNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_001079235.1; NM_001085766.1.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q6DCQ1; -.
DR SMR; Q6DCQ1; -.
DR DNASU; 378497; -.
DR GeneID; 378497; -.
DR KEGG; xla:378497; -.
DR CTD; 378497; -.
DR Xenbase; XB-GENE-865393; irx2.L.
DR OMA; HPHEDAS; -.
DR OrthoDB; 768315at2759; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000186698; Chromosome 6L.
DR Bgee; 378497; Expressed in lung and 11 other tissues.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0003677; F:DNA binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0000981; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0007420; P:brain development; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0030154; P:cell differentiation; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0009953; P:dorsal/ventral pattern formation; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0045665; P:negative regulation of neuron differentiation; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0001840; P:neural plate development; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0045666; P:positive regulation of neuron differentiation; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0045944; P:positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0045893; P:positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0009954; P:proximal/distal pattern formation; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR CDD; cd00086; homeodomain; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR009057; Homeobox-like_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR017970; Homeobox_CS.
DR InterPro; IPR001356; Homeobox_dom.
DR InterPro; IPR008422; Homeobox_KN_domain.
DR InterPro; IPR003893; Iroquois_homeo.
DR Pfam; PF05920; Homeobox_KN; 1.
DR SMART; SM00389; HOX; 1.
DR SMART; SM00548; IRO; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF46689; SSF46689; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00027; HOMEOBOX_1; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50071; HOMEOBOX_2; 1.
PE 2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW Developmental protein; Differentiation; DNA-binding; Homeobox;
KW Neurogenesis; Nucleus; Reference proteome; Transcription;
KW Transcription regulation.
FT CHAIN 1..455
FT /note="Iroquois-class homeodomain protein irx-2"
FT /id="PRO_0000388716"
FT DNA_BIND 110..172
FT /note="Homeobox; TALE-type"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00108"
FT REGION 172..214
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 247..319
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 418..455
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 195..214
FT /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 291..319
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 418..433
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
SQ SEQUENCE 455 AA; 49470 MW; 9FF2DD9D904379C6 CRC64;
MSYPQGYLYQ PPGSLALYSC PAYGASALAA PRSEELARSS SGSAFSPYPG SAAFSAQAAT
GFSSPLQYSS DPTGFPSYMG SPYDAHAAGM TGALSYHPYG SAAYPYQLND PAYRKNATRD
ATATLKAWLQ EHRKNPYPTK GEKIMLAIIT KMTLTQVSTW FANARRRLKK ENKMTWAPRN
KSDDEDDDEG DGERVKEEQS EKAQDSNETS AEDEGISLHV DSLTDHSCSA DSDGEKLPCR
AADHLCESGS ESKEKYEDEE DDGDEEDRVL PVKPATSSPL TGVEAPILNR QQEGSPRNSN
KTNLDNGMSS SSQTPASKPK LWSLAEIATS DHKHPNLGSV LSSATSSSAA HNPSYPSSSL
LGRHIYYTSP FYSNYTNYGN FNALQSQGIL RYSSTAMTAN EGLNQTVLST SSMHKHTSDS
VRTASNQLDQ HYRPTNYESK KDPSEVCTVG VQPYP
