KOJA_ASPOR
ID KOJA_ASPOR Reviewed; 428 AA.
AC Q2U5I0;
DT 06-JUL-2016, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 24-JAN-2006, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 64.
DE RecName: Full=Probable FAD-dependent monooxygenase kojA {ECO:0000305};
DE EC=1.14.13.- {ECO:0000305|PubMed:20849972};
DE AltName: Full=Kojic acid biosynthesis protein A {ECO:0000303|PubMed:21514215};
GN Name=kojA {ECO:0000303|PubMed:21514215}; ORFNames=AO090113000136;
OS Aspergillus oryzae (strain ATCC 42149 / RIB 40) (Yellow koji mold).
OC Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Pezizomycotina; Eurotiomycetes;
OC Eurotiomycetidae; Eurotiales; Aspergillaceae; Aspergillus;
OC Aspergillus subgen. Circumdati.
OX NCBI_TaxID=510516;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=ATCC 42149 / RIB 40;
RX PubMed=16372010; DOI=10.1038/nature04300;
RA Machida M., Asai K., Sano M., Tanaka T., Kumagai T., Terai G., Kusumoto K.,
RA Arima T., Akita O., Kashiwagi Y., Abe K., Gomi K., Horiuchi H.,
RA Kitamoto K., Kobayashi T., Takeuchi M., Denning D.W., Galagan J.E.,
RA Nierman W.C., Yu J., Archer D.B., Bennett J.W., Bhatnagar D.,
RA Cleveland T.E., Fedorova N.D., Gotoh O., Horikawa H., Hosoyama A.,
RA Ichinomiya M., Igarashi R., Iwashita K., Juvvadi P.R., Kato M., Kato Y.,
RA Kin T., Kokubun A., Maeda H., Maeyama N., Maruyama J., Nagasaki H.,
RA Nakajima T., Oda K., Okada K., Paulsen I., Sakamoto K., Sawano T.,
RA Takahashi M., Takase K., Terabayashi Y., Wortman J.R., Yamada O.,
RA Yamagata Y., Anazawa H., Hata Y., Koide Y., Komori T., Koyama Y.,
RA Minetoki T., Suharnan S., Tanaka A., Isono K., Kuhara S., Ogasawara N.,
RA Kikuchi H.;
RT "Genome sequencing and analysis of Aspergillus oryzae.";
RL Nature 438:1157-1161(2005).
RN [2]
RP BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX PubMed=7714722; DOI=10.1111/j.2042-7158.1994.tb03253.x;
RA Cabanes J., Chazarra S., Garcia-Carmona F.;
RT "Kojic acid, a cosmetic skin whitening agent, is a slow-binding inhibitor
RT of catecholase activity of tyrosinase.";
RL J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46:982-985(1994).
RN [3]
RP REVIEW ON BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX PubMed=17119644; DOI=10.1039/b603758p;
RA Bentley R.;
RT "From miso, sake and shoyu to cosmetics: a century of science for kojic
RT acid.";
RL Nat. Prod. Rep. 23:1046-1062(2006).
RN [4]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=20849972; DOI=10.1016/j.fgb.2010.08.014;
RA Terabayashi Y., Sano M., Yamane N., Marui J., Tamano K., Sagara J.,
RA Dohmoto M., Oda K., Ohshima E., Tachibana K., Higa Y., Ohashi S., Koike H.,
RA Machida M.;
RT "Identification and characterization of genes responsible for biosynthesis
RT of kojic acid, an industrially important compound from Aspergillus
RT oryzae.";
RL Fungal Genet. Biol. 47:953-961(2010).
RN [5]
RP INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=21897021; DOI=10.1271/bbb.110235;
RA Oda K., Kobayashi A., Ohashi S., Sano M.;
RT "Aspergillus oryzae laeA regulates kojic acid synthesis genes.";
RL Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 75:1832-1834(2011).
RN [6]
RP INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=21514215; DOI=10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.03.010;
RA Marui J., Yamane N., Ohashi-Kunihiro S., Ando T., Terabayashi Y., Sano M.,
RA Ohashi S., Ohshima E., Tachibana K., Higa Y., Nishimura M., Koike H.,
RA Machida M.;
RT "Kojic acid biosynthesis in Aspergillus oryzae is regulated by a
RT Zn(II)(2)Cys(6) transcriptional activator and induced by kojic acid at the
RT transcriptional level.";
RL J. Biosci. Bioeng. 112:40-43(2011).
RN [7]
RP INDUCTION.
RX PubMed=26657710; DOI=10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.11.023;
RA Liu J.M., Yu T.C., Lin S.P., Hsu R.J., Hsu K.D., Cheng K.C.;
RT "Evaluation of kojic acid production in a repeated-batch PCS biofilm
RT reactor.";
RL J. Biotechnol. 218:41-48(2016).
RN [8]
RP BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX PubMed=27197670; DOI=10.4014/jmb.1603.03040;
RA Kim T.Y., Jang J.Y., Jeon S.J., Lee H.W., Bae C.H., Yeo J.H., Lee H.B.,
RA Kim I.S., Park H.W., Kim J.C.;
RT "Nematicidal activity of kojic acid produced by Aspergillus oryzae against
RT Meloidogyne incognita.";
RL J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 26:1383-1391(2016).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Probable FAD-dependent monooxygenase; part of the gene
CC cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of 5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-
CC 1,4-pyrone, also know as kojic acid, a by-product in the fermentation
CC process of malting rice that acts as a chelation agent
CC (PubMed:20849972). Glucose might be converted to kojic acid by a
CC combination of dehydrogenase and dehydratase reactions involving kojA
CC and probably additional enzymes (PubMed:20849972).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20849972}.
CC -!- COFACTOR:
CC Name=FAD; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:57692; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
CC -!- INDUCTION: Expression is controlled by the kojic acid gene cluster
CC transcription factor kojR (PubMed:21514215). Expression is also
CC positively regulated by the secondary metabolism general regulator laeA
CC (PubMed:21897021). Finally, nitrogen deficiency also positively
CC regulates expression (PubMed:26657710). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21514215,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:21897021, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26657710}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Leads to the loss of kojic acid production
CC (PubMed:20849972). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20849972}.
CC -!- BIOTECHNOLOGY: Kojic acid can be used for several biotechnological
CC applications, including use as an antibiotic, as an additive to prevent
CC browning of food materials, and as an antioxidant (PubMed:17119644).
CC Kojic acid is also interesting as an inhibitor of tyrosinase
CC (PubMed:7714722). Finally, kojic acid has also been shown to have
CC strong nematicidal activity (PubMed:27197670).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17119644, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27197670,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:7714722}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aromatic-ring hydroxylase family.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; AP007166; BAE63185.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR RefSeq; XP_001824318.1; XM_001824266.1.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q2U5I0; -.
DR SMR; Q2U5I0; -.
DR EnsemblFungi; BAE63185; BAE63185; AO090113000136.
DR GeneID; 5995965; -.
DR KEGG; aor:AO090113000136; -.
DR VEuPathDB; FungiDB:AO090113000136; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_565958_0_0_1; -.
DR OMA; TIFFAHE; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000006564; Chromosome 5.
DR GO; GO:0004497; F:monooxygenase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:2001317; P:kojic acid biosynthetic process; IMP:GO_Central.
DR Gene3D; 3.50.50.60; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR006076; FAD-dep_OxRdtase.
DR InterPro; IPR036188; FAD/NAD-bd_sf.
DR Pfam; PF01266; DAO; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF51905; SSF51905; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW FAD; Flavoprotein; Monooxygenase; Oxidoreductase; Reference proteome.
FT CHAIN 1..428
FT /note="Probable FAD-dependent monooxygenase kojA"
FT /id="PRO_0000436873"
FT BINDING 52..60
FT /ligand="FAD"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57692"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P20586"
FT BINDING 257..259
FT /ligand="substrate"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P20586"
FT BINDING 328..329
FT /ligand="FAD"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57692"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P20586"
FT SITE 421
FT /note="Important for catalytic activity"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P20586"
SQ SEQUENCE 428 AA; 47791 MW; A91E7B37C0957558 CRC64;
MRVATQLRVG IVGGGWNGCH LALELKKQGH RVSLFEQKPD IFQGVSGNFG IRLHKGPHYP
RSKATRDSCR EALVKFCETY PELVVHHESA IYAHGEADAL GNPSKVSDEA FRDVCYESPE
CTAVDPKANG FQGLISAYNL DEPSVAIGDR LRNTFKEKLG RAGIYVHLNA TVDRIIHTED
TNRIQTGDGQ YVFDVVINAT GYTSLLPQNI ADALPVDIGI TYQTCIALVY EDQQPQEKPL
SFIVMDGWFP CVMPAIDTNE PLQKKYILTH GSYTILGSFD RHEEGQELLD SLDEEAIAAR
IKPHCEREIT RFWPGFLDRF QYRGWKGSVL AKLKTTSEFR SSLTFEKDGV IHIFPGKVSN
VVTAAEEVVP LINDIARRRH GVVREWNGVR FTVSSAFHTH SKEIGDKPGL GEHHTSNLQT
YVSLVTAN
