ARF2A_SOLLC
ID ARF2A_SOLLC Reviewed; 846 AA.
AC Q2LAJ3;
DT 05-JUL-2017, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 21-FEB-2006, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 101.
DE RecName: Full=Auxin response factor 2A {ECO:0000303|PubMed:26716451, ECO:0000303|PubMed:26959229};
DE Short=SlARF2A {ECO:0000303|PubMed:26716451};
GN Name=ARF2A {ECO:0000303|PubMed:26716451, ECO:0000303|PubMed:26959229};
GN Synonyms=ARF2 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:21735233, ECO:0000312|EMBL:ABC69711.1};
GN OrderedLocusNames=Solyc03g118290 {ECO:0000305|PubMed:26716451};
OS Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato) (Lycopersicon esculentum).
OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC asterids; lamiids; Solanales; Solanaceae; Solanoideae; Solaneae; Solanum;
OC Solanum subgen. Lycopersicon.
OX NCBI_TaxID=4081 {ECO:0000312|EMBL:ABC69711.1};
RN [1] {ECO:0000312|EMBL:ABC69711.1}
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. M82 {ECO:0000312|EMBL:ABC69711.1};
RA Mah S.A., Swanson W.J., Moy G.W., Vacquier V.D.;
RL Submitted (JAN-2017) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Heinz 1706;
RX PubMed=22660326; DOI=10.1038/nature11119;
RG Tomato Genome Consortium;
RT "The tomato genome sequence provides insights into fleshy fruit
RT evolution.";
RL Nature 485:635-641(2012).
RN [3]
RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS.
RX PubMed=21735233; DOI=10.1007/s00299-011-1113-z;
RA Wu J., Wang F., Cheng L., Kong F., Peng Z., Liu S., Yu X., Lu G.;
RT "Identification, isolation and expression analysis of auxin response factor
RT (ARF) genes in Solanum lycopersicum.";
RL Plant Cell Rep. 30:2059-2073(2011).
RN [4]
RP FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION, AND
RP DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=26716451; DOI=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005649;
RA Hao Y., Hu G., Breitel D., Liu M., Mila I., Frasse P., Fu Y., Aharoni A.,
RA Bouzayen M., Zouine M.;
RT "Auxin response factor SlARF2 is an essential component of the regulatory
RT mechanism controlling fruit ripening in tomato.";
RL PLoS Genet. 11:E1005649-E1005649(2015).
RN [5]
RP FUNCTION, SUBUNIT, INTERACTION WITH ASR1, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION,
RP DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, INDUCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=26959229; DOI=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005903;
RA Breitel D.A., Chappell-Maor L., Meir S., Panizel I., Puig C.P., Hao Y.,
RA Yifhar T., Yasuor H., Zouine M., Bouzayen M., Granell Richart A.,
RA Rogachev I., Aharoni A.;
RT "AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 intersects hormonal signals in the regulation of
RT tomato fruit ripening.";
RL PLoS Genet. 12:E1005903-E1005903(2016).
RN [6]
RP FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, INDUCTION, AND
RP DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=27645097; DOI=10.1038/srep33728;
RA Xu T., Liu X., Wang R., Dong X., Guan X., Wang Y., Jiang Y., Shi Z., Qi M.,
RA Li T.;
RT "SlARF2a plays a negative role in mediating axillary shoot formation.";
RL Sci. Rep. 6:33728-33728(2016).
RN [7]
RP FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, INDUCTION, AND
RP PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS.
RX PubMed=28167023; DOI=10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.12.008;
RA Ren Z., Liu R., Gu W., Dong X.;
RT "The Solanum lycopersicum auxin response factor SlARF2 participates in
RT regulating lateral root formation and flower organ senescence.";
RL Plant Sci. 256:103-111(2017).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors
CC that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the
CC auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs) (By similarity). Could act
CC as transcriptional activator or repressor (PubMed:26959229,
CC PubMed:26716451, PubMed:27645097, PubMed:28167023). Involved in the
CC control of fruit ripening process (PubMed:26959229, PubMed:26716451,
CC PubMed:28167023). Regulates expression of a number of ripening
CC regulators, transcription factors, and ethylene biosynthesis and
CC signaling components (PubMed:26959229, PubMed:26716451). May act as a
CC transcriptional repressor of auxin-responsive genes (PubMed:26716451).
CC Regulates vegetative growth, lateral root formation and flower organ
CC senescence, possibly partially by regulating gene expression of auxin
CC and ethylene response factor (ERF) genes (PubMed:28167023). Plays a
CC negative role in axillary shoot meristem formation (PubMed:27645097).
CC {ECO:0000255|RuleBase:RU004561, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26716451,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:26959229, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27645097,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:28167023}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimers and heterodimers. Interacts with ASR1.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26959229}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000255, ECO:0000255|PROSITE-
CC ProRule:PRU00326, ECO:0000255|RuleBase:RU004561,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:26716451, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26959229}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in root, leaf and flower
CC (PubMed:26716451, PubMed:27645097, PubMed:28167023, PubMed:21735233).
CC Expressed in flower buds about three days before opening including
CC ovary, petal and sepal with the highest in stamen (PubMed:21735233).
CC Expressed in stem (PubMed:26716451, PubMed:28167023, PubMed:21735233).
CC Expressed in fruit (PubMed:26716451, PubMed:27645097, PubMed:28167023).
CC Expressed in seeds (PubMed:27645097). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21735233,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:26716451, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27645097,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:28167023}.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expression increases at the orange (Or) and red
CC (R) fruit stages. Expression is increased with ethylene at mature green
CC (MG) stage, but only after six days post-treatment. Expression is
CC increased three days post-treatment with plant hormone abscisic acid
CC (ABA) at the Or stage, but not at the MG or breaker (Br) stages. No
CC change in expression level up to six days post-treatment with ABA at
CC the MG fruit stage (PubMed:26959229). Expressed during floral
CC development (PubMed:21735233, PubMed:28167023, PubMed:27645097). During
CC bud-anthesis stages flowers exhibit dynamic expression pattern in
CC sepal, stamen, ovary and petal (PubMed:28167023). Expressed during
CC ovary development with the highest expression on the third day after
CC the flower fully opened (PubMed:21735233). During seed germination,
CC expressed in the cotyledon. Expressed strongly in the pollen grain.
CC Expressed in the developing fruits, in which mainly expressed in the
CC vascular tissues and seeds. During growth, strongly expressed in leaf,
CC where mainly expressed in the trichome and in the root tip and lateral
CC root formation sites. Expressed in the vascular tissue and the epicycle
CC of the root. Also expressed in branch (PubMed:27645097).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21735233, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26959229,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:27645097, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28167023}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: By tomato fruit ripening. Expression in tomato fruits is up-
CC regulated by exogenous application of ethylene and down-regulated by
CC inhibition of ethylene receptors with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)
CC (PubMed:26959229, PubMed:26716451). Up-regulated by plant hormone
CC abscisic acid (ABA) in tomato fruits (PubMed:26959229). Expression is
CC not up-regulated by plant hormone auxin in tomato fruits
CC (PubMed:26716451). Up-regulated by auxin and gibberellic acid (GA), and
CC down-regulated by ethylene in seedlings (PubMed:28167023). Down-
CC regulated during decapitation-induced axillary shoot development and by
CC excision of immature leaves. Down-regulation is inhibited by the
CC application of auxin on the cut surface (PubMed:27645097).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26716451, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26959229,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:27645097, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28167023}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Simultaneous RNAi-mediated silencing of both
CC ARF2A and ARF2B results in severe defects in tomato fruit ripening
CC process (PubMed:26959229, PubMed:26716451). Plants form triple
CC cotyledons and have enhanced root branching. Tomatoes have reduced
CC pigment accumulation, enhanced fruit firmness, low climacteric ethylene
CC production and inability to ripen upon exogenous application of
CC ethylene (PubMed:26716451). The fruits are either parthenocarpic or
CC contain only a few seeds, and the time from anthesis to breaker (Br)
CC developmental stage is significantly extended compared to wild type
CC fruit (PubMed:26959229). Altered expression of ethylene biosynthesis,
CC signaling and ethylene response factor (ERF) genes and genes involved
CC in the carotenoid pathway and ripening-related cell wall metabolism.
CC Up-regulates auxin-responsive genes (PubMed:26716451). Down-regulated
CC expression levels of ripening regulators, including RIN, AP2a, NOR,
CC TAGL1, ETR3, ERF1 and CNR at the red (R) fruit stage. Expression levels
CC of hormones such as abscisates, cytokinins and salicyclic acid are
CC altered, and levels of carotenoids phytoene, phytofluene and lycopene
CC are reduced in red fruits. Gibberellic acid (GA) and auxin expression
CC levels are unchanged. Compounds normally reduced upon ripening show
CC higher levels than wild type fruit as a result of simultaneous
CC silencing of ARF2A and ARF2B (PubMed:26959229). RNAi-mediated silencing
CC of ARF2A results in increased frequency of polycotyledons and
CC significantly increased lateral organ development. Lateral shoot
CC emergence occurs at the first leaf node compared to eighth leaf node in
CC wild type. An unusual meristem appears in the mature leaf and lateral
CC shoot development appears below the position of the cotyledon nodes.
CC Unusual lateral branches also appear in the stem, which is located far
CC from the leaf node. Epiderm is split along the axis at the site of the
CC unusual meristem. Abnormally enlarged interfascicular cambia and
CC phloem. Altered auxin distribution, and expression of auxin transporter
CC PIN genes and ectopic axillary shoot-related transcriptional factors
CC (PubMed:27645097). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26716451,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:26959229, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27645097}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ARF family. {ECO:0000255|RuleBase:RU004561,
CC ECO:0000305}.
CC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms
CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License
CC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DR EMBL; DQ340255; ABC69711.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; CM001066; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_001233765.1; NM_001246836.2.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q2LAJ3; -.
DR SMR; Q2LAJ3; -.
DR STRING; 4081.Solyc03g118290.2.1; -.
DR PaxDb; Q2LAJ3; -.
DR PRIDE; Q2LAJ3; -.
DR EnsemblPlants; Solyc03g118290.3.1; Solyc03g118290.3.1; Solyc03g118290.3.
DR GeneID; 778240; -.
DR Gramene; Solyc03g118290.3.1; Solyc03g118290.3.1; Solyc03g118290.3.
DR KEGG; sly:778240; -.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502QRXI; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_002626_2_2_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q2LAJ3; -.
DR OMA; LHFWNGQ; -.
DR OrthoDB; 214403at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q2LAJ3; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000004994; Chromosome 3.
DR ExpressionAtlas; Q2LAJ3; baseline and differential.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0003677; F:DNA binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0046982; F:protein heterodimerization activity; IPI:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0042803; F:protein homodimerization activity; IPI:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0009734; P:auxin-activated signaling pathway; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0009835; P:fruit ripening; IEP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0009836; P:fruit ripening, climacteric; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0009911; P:positive regulation of flower development; IEP:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0006355; P:regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; IEA:InterPro.
DR CDD; cd10017; B3_DNA; 1.
DR Gene3D; 2.40.330.10; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR010525; ARF_dom.
DR InterPro; IPR044835; ARF_plant.
DR InterPro; IPR033389; AUX/IAA_dom.
DR InterPro; IPR003340; B3_DNA-bd.
DR InterPro; IPR015300; DNA-bd_pseudobarrel_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR000270; PB1_dom.
DR PANTHER; PTHR31384; PTHR31384; 1.
DR Pfam; PF02309; AUX_IAA; 1.
DR Pfam; PF06507; Auxin_resp; 1.
DR Pfam; PF02362; B3; 1.
DR SMART; SM01019; B3; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF101936; SSF101936; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50863; B3; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS51745; PB1; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Auxin signaling pathway; Developmental protein; DNA-binding;
KW Fruit ripening; Nucleus; Reference proteome; Transcription;
KW Transcription regulation.
FT CHAIN 1..846
FT /note="Auxin response factor 2A"
FT /id="PRO_0000441018"
FT DOMAIN 720..804
FT /note="PB1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01081"
FT DNA_BIND 146..248
FT /note="TF-B3"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00326"
FT REGION 1..30
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 380..423
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 660..693
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 809..846
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 8..30
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 398..423
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 679..693
FT /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
SQ SEQUENCE 846 AA; 94014 MW; D432F0CC4D7B5793 CRC64;
MAASEVSIQG YSEPSDGSRP VSETGRSSSG VGIVDADTAL YTELWRSCAG PLVTVPREGE
LVYYFPQGHI EQVEASTNQV ADQQMPLYNL PSKILCRVVN VLLKAEPDTD EVYAQVTLMP
EPNQDENAVK KEPMRPPPPR FHVHSFCKTL TASDTSTHGG FSVLRRHADE CLPQLDMSRQ
PPTQELVAKD LHGNEWRFRH IFRGQPRRHL LQSGWSVFVS SKRLVAGDAF IFLRGENGEL
RVGVRRAMRQ QGNAPSSVIS SHSMHLGVLA TAWHAIQTKT MFTVYYKPRT SPAEFIVPYD
HYMESVKNNY SIGMRFKMRF EGEEAPEQRF TGTIVGIEDA DPQRWLESKW RCLKVRWDEN
SSIPRPDRVS PWKIEPALSP PALNVPPVAR PKRPRSSILP TSPDSSVLTR EGSSRATADH
SQASGFPRVL QGQELSTFRG GFAEINETDL SEKPMIWQTS VNDEKNDIHS ASKRYLPDKW
LPLGRPESSL TDLLSGFGSS HGFCLPSADQ AAFGARLVKQ QTQDQEKDFS LLGKPWSLLS
SGLSLNLMDS GSKAPGIGGD TPYQMRGDAR YSGYGEFSVL PGHRVANQQG SWIMPQPVSP
YMQLSSHSRE MMHKPSVVKQ PEAVKPKEGN YKLFGIPLTS NVCTDAVMMR KSSLIDPASD
MNIGIHPHQS LATDSDQRSE QSKGSKVDDG VAANDHDKQF HTFHLAARDK DGKGHSSSTR
SCTKVHKQGT ALGRSVDLAK FNNYDELIAE LDQLFDFNGE LKARSKSWLV VYTDDEGDMM
LVGDDPWQEF CGMVRKIFIY TKEEVQRMNP GTLNSKGEDT SSVAEGSDAK EVKNLQLPSE
SGQAES
