ID   MAC1_MACFV              Reviewed;          13 AA.
AC   C0HL98;
DT   23-MAY-2018, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   23-MAY-2018, sequence version 1.
DT   25-MAY-2022, entry version 7.
DE   RecName: Full=Macropin {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24616110};
DE   AltName: Full=MAC-1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24616110};
OS   Macropis fulvipes (Solitary bee) (Megilla fulvipes).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC   Neoptera; Endopterygota; Hymenoptera; Apocrita; Aculeata; Apoidea;
OC   Melittinae; Macropis.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=465486 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24616110};
RN   [1] {ECO:0000305}
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY,
RP   AMIDATION AT LEU-13, STRUCTURE BY NMR, AND MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-1; GLY-3 AND
RP   MET-4.
RC   TISSUE=Venom {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24616110};
RX   PubMed=24616110; DOI=10.1002/psc.2625;
RA   Monincova L., Veverka V., Slaninova J., Budesinsky M., Fucik V.,
RA   Bednarova L., Straka J., Cerovsky V.;
RT   "Structure-activity study of macropin, a novel antimicrobial peptide from
RT   the venom of solitary bee Macropis fulvipes (Hymenoptera: Melittidae).";
RL   J. Pept. Sci. 20:375-384(2014).
RN   [2] {ECO:0000305}
RP   FUNCTION.
RX   PubMed=29185466; DOI=10.1038/s41598-017-16784-6;
RA   Ko S.J., Kim M.K., Bang J.K., Seo C.H., Luchian T., Park Y.;
RT   "Macropis fulvipes Venom component Macropin Exerts its Antibacterial and
RT   Anti-Biofilm Properties by Damaging the Plasma Membranes of Drug Resistant
RT   Bacteria.";
RL   Sci. Rep. 7:16580-16580(2017).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Antimicrobial peptide active against Gram-positive bacteria
CC       like B.subtilis, S.aureus and L.monocytogenes as well as against Gram-
CC       negative bacteria like E.coli and P.aeruginosa with minimum inhibitory
CC       concentrations (MIC) between 1.3 uM and 35 uM (PubMed:24616110,
CC       PubMed:29185466). Active against fungus C.albicans (MIC=6.3 uM)
CC       (PubMed:24616110). Has little hemolytic activity (PubMed:24616110,
CC       PubMed:29185466). Acts by disrupting membranes and bacterial cell wall
CC       structures (PubMed:29185466). Adopts an alpha-helical structure in a
CC       membrane mimic environment (PubMed:24616110, PubMed:29185466). Binds to
CC       peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:29185466).
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24616110, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29185466}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24616110}.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed by the venom gland.
CC       {ECO:0000305|PubMed:24616110}.
CC   -!- MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=1416.1; Mass_error=0.1; Method=Electrospray;
CC       Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:24616110};
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DR   GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0050832; P:defense response to fungus; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0050829; P:defense response to Gram-negative bacterium; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0050830; P:defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0031640; P:killing of cells of another organism; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0051673; P:membrane disruption in another organism; IDA:UniProtKB.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Amidation; Antibiotic; Antimicrobial; Direct protein sequencing; Fungicide;
KW   Secreted.
FT   PEPTIDE         1..13
FT                   /note="Macropin"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:24616110"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000444296"
FT   MOD_RES         13
FT                   /note="Leucine amide"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:24616110"
FT   MUTAGEN         1
FT                   /note="G->A: Slightly reduced antimicrobial activity. Even
FT                   weaker hemolytic activity."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:24616110"
FT   MUTAGEN         1
FT                   /note="G->L: Slightly reduced activity against Gram-
FT                   negative bacteria and fungi. Increased hemolytic activity."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:24616110"
FT   MUTAGEN         3
FT                   /note="G->K: Slightly increased antimicrobial activity."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:24616110"
FT   MUTAGEN         4
FT                   /note="M->K: Slightly increased activity against Gram-
FT                   negative bacteria and fungi but decreased activity against
FT                   Gram-positive bacteria. No hemolytic activity."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:24616110"
SQ   SEQUENCE   13 AA;  1418 MW;  5B68ADFEBEBC2337 CRC64;
     GFGMALKLLK KVL