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METH_DICDI
ID   METH_DICDI              Reviewed;        1260 AA.
AC   Q54P92;
DT   08-APR-2008, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   24-MAY-2005, sequence version 1.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 103.
DE   RecName: Full=Methionine synthase;
DE            EC=2.1.1.13;
DE   AltName: Full=5-methyltetrahydrofolate--homocysteine methyltransferase;
DE   AltName: Full=Vitamin-B12 dependent methionine synthase;
DE            Short=MS;
GN   Name=mtr; ORFNames=DDB_G0284699;
OS   Dictyostelium discoideum (Slime mold).
OC   Eukaryota; Amoebozoa; Evosea; Eumycetozoa; Dictyostelia; Dictyosteliales;
OC   Dictyosteliaceae; Dictyostelium.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=44689;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=AX4;
RX   PubMed=15875012; DOI=10.1038/nature03481;
RA   Eichinger L., Pachebat J.A., Gloeckner G., Rajandream M.A., Sucgang R.,
RA   Berriman M., Song J., Olsen R., Szafranski K., Xu Q., Tunggal B.,
RA   Kummerfeld S., Madera M., Konfortov B.A., Rivero F., Bankier A.T.,
RA   Lehmann R., Hamlin N., Davies R., Gaudet P., Fey P., Pilcher K., Chen G.,
RA   Saunders D., Sodergren E.J., Davis P., Kerhornou A., Nie X., Hall N.,
RA   Anjard C., Hemphill L., Bason N., Farbrother P., Desany B., Just E.,
RA   Morio T., Rost R., Churcher C.M., Cooper J., Haydock S., van Driessche N.,
RA   Cronin A., Goodhead I., Muzny D.M., Mourier T., Pain A., Lu M., Harper D.,
RA   Lindsay R., Hauser H., James K.D., Quiles M., Madan Babu M., Saito T.,
RA   Buchrieser C., Wardroper A., Felder M., Thangavelu M., Johnson D.,
RA   Knights A., Loulseged H., Mungall K.L., Oliver K., Price C., Quail M.A.,
RA   Urushihara H., Hernandez J., Rabbinowitsch E., Steffen D., Sanders M.,
RA   Ma J., Kohara Y., Sharp S., Simmonds M.N., Spiegler S., Tivey A.,
RA   Sugano S., White B., Walker D., Woodward J.R., Winckler T., Tanaka Y.,
RA   Shaulsky G., Schleicher M., Weinstock G.M., Rosenthal A., Cox E.C.,
RA   Chisholm R.L., Gibbs R.A., Loomis W.F., Platzer M., Kay R.R.,
RA   Williams J.G., Dear P.H., Noegel A.A., Barrell B.G., Kuspa A.;
RT   "The genome of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum.";
RL   Nature 435:43-57(2005).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methyl-
CC       cobalamin to homocysteine, yielding enzyme-bound cob(I)alamin and
CC       methionine. Subsequently, remethylates the cofactor using
CC       methyltetrahydrofolate (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=(6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-homocysteine =
CC         (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-methionine; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:11172,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:18608, ChEBI:CHEBI:57453, ChEBI:CHEBI:57844,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:58199; EC=2.1.1.13;
CC   -!- COFACTOR:
CC       Name=methylcob(III)alamin; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:28115;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000250};
CC   -!- COFACTOR:
CC       Name=Zn(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29105; Evidence={ECO:0000250};
CC       Note=Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit. {ECO:0000250};
CC   -!- PATHWAY: Amino-acid biosynthesis; L-methionine biosynthesis via de novo
CC       pathway; L-methionine from L-homocysteine (MetH route): step 1/1.
CC   -!- DOMAIN: Modular enzyme with four functionally distinct domains. The
CC       isolated Hcy-binding domain catalyzes methyl transfer from free
CC       methylcobalamin to homocysteine. The Hcy-binding domain in association
CC       with the pterin-binding domain catalyzes the methylation of
CC       cob(I)alamin by methyltetrahydrofolate and the methylation of
CC       homocysteine. The B12-binding domain binds the cofactor. The AdoMet
CC       activation domain binds S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Under aerobic
CC       conditions cob(I)alamin can be converted to inactive cob(II)alamin.
CC       Reductive methylation by S-adenosyl-L-methionine and flavodoxin
CC       regenerates methylcobalamin (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: L-homocysteine is bound via the zinc atom.
CC       {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the vitamin-B12 dependent methionine synthase
CC       family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; AAFI02000070; EAL65119.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   RefSeq; XP_638483.1; XM_633391.1.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q54P92; -.
DR   SMR; Q54P92; -.
DR   STRING; 44689.DDB0230138; -.
DR   PaxDb; Q54P92; -.
DR   EnsemblProtists; EAL65119; EAL65119; DDB_G0284699.
DR   GeneID; 8624734; -.
DR   KEGG; ddi:DDB_G0284699; -.
DR   dictyBase; DDB_G0284699; mtr.
DR   eggNOG; KOG1579; Eukaryota.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_004914_2_0_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; Q54P92; -.
DR   OMA; ADCIAMS; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; Q54P92; -.
DR   Reactome; R-DDI-156581; Methylation.
DR   Reactome; R-DDI-1614635; Sulfur amino acid metabolism.
DR   Reactome; R-DDI-9013407; RHOH GTPase cycle.
DR   Reactome; R-DDI-9759218; Cobalamin (Cbl) metabolism.
DR   UniPathway; UPA00051; UER00081.
DR   PRO; PR:Q54P92; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000002195; Chromosome 4.
DR   GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0031419; F:cobalamin binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0008705; F:methionine synthase activity; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0008270; F:zinc ion binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0009086; P:methionine biosynthetic process; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0032259; P:methylation; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0042558; P:pteridine-containing compound metabolic process; IEA:InterPro.
DR   CDD; cd02069; methionine_synthase_B12_BD; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 1.10.1240.10; -; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 3.10.196.10; -; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 3.20.20.20; -; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 3.20.20.330; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR003759; Cbl-bd_cap.
DR   InterPro; IPR006158; Cobalamin-bd.
DR   InterPro; IPR036724; Cobalamin-bd_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR011005; Dihydropteroate_synth-like.
DR   InterPro; IPR003726; HCY_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR036589; HCY_dom_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR033706; Met_synthase_B12-bd.
DR   InterPro; IPR011822; MetH.
DR   InterPro; IPR036594; Meth_synthase_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR000489; Pterin-binding_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR004223; VitB12-dep_Met_synth_activ_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR037010; VitB12-dep_Met_synth_activ_sf.
DR   Pfam; PF02310; B12-binding; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF02607; B12-binding_2; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF02965; Met_synt_B12; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00809; Pterin_bind; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF02574; S-methyl_trans; 1.
DR   PIRSF; PIRSF000381; MetH; 1.
DR   SMART; SM01018; B12-binding_2; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF47644; SSF47644; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF51717; SSF51717; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF52242; SSF52242; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF56507; SSF56507; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF82282; SSF82282; 1.
DR   TIGRFAMs; TIGR02082; metH; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS50974; ADOMET_ACTIVATION; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS51332; B12_BINDING; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS51337; B12_BINDING_NTER; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS50970; HCY; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS50972; PTERIN_BINDING; 1.
PE   3: Inferred from homology;
KW   Amino-acid biosynthesis; Cobalamin; Cobalt; Metal-binding;
KW   Methionine biosynthesis; Methyltransferase; Reference proteome; Repeat;
KW   S-adenosyl-L-methionine; Transferase; Zinc.
FT   CHAIN           1..1260
FT                   /note="Methionine synthase"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000327799"
FT   DOMAIN          13..333
FT                   /note="Hcy-binding"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00333"
FT   DOMAIN          364..625
FT                   /note="Pterin-binding"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00334"
FT   DOMAIN          655..749
FT                   /note="B12-binding N-terminal"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00667"
FT   DOMAIN          766..883
FT                   /note="B12-binding"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00666"
FT   DOMAIN          916..1256
FT                   /note="AdoMet activation"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00346"
FT   BINDING         255
FT                   /ligand="Zn(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00333"
FT   BINDING         318
FT                   /ligand="Zn(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00333"
FT   BINDING         319
FT                   /ligand="Zn(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00333"
FT   BINDING         699
FT                   /ligand="methylcob(III)alamin"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:28115"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P13009"
FT   BINDING         775..779
FT                   /ligand="methylcob(III)alamin"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:28115"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P13009"
FT   BINDING         778
FT                   /ligand="methylcob(III)alamin"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:28115"
FT                   /ligand_part="Co"
FT                   /ligand_part_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:27638"
FT                   /note="axial binding residue"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P13009"
FT   BINDING         823
FT                   /ligand="methylcob(III)alamin"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:28115"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P13009"
FT   BINDING         827
FT                   /ligand="methylcob(III)alamin"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:28115"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P13009"
FT   BINDING         879
FT                   /ligand="methylcob(III)alamin"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:28115"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P13009"
FT   BINDING         966
FT                   /ligand="S-adenosyl-L-methionine"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:59789"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   BINDING         1163
FT                   /ligand="S-adenosyl-L-methionine"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:59789"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   BINDING         1218..1219
FT                   /ligand="S-adenosyl-L-methionine"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:59789"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
SQ   SEQUENCE   1260 AA;  140122 MW;  095402C1F5889CF0 CRC64;
     MINSNDKNES DTFGIIRKIL SERIMVLDGA MGTEIQKFKL KDNDYRGEEF KDFPHELGGN
     NDLLSLTQPH IIREIHCKYL EAGADFIETN TFNGNIFSQA DYKMEHLVKR INIESARLAK
     SACEEYTKKD PSRPRFVCGA VGPTNKTASI SPSVERPEAR NVLFDELVSG YLEQVEALVE
     GGIDVILVET VFDSLNCKAA LFAIEEFFKT YSPRLPVFVS GTIVDKSGRT LSGQTGEAFY
     TSVASANLMV FGLNCALGAQ EMRPFLQNIS KCSECYVSCY PNAGLPNTFG GYDETPEMMA
     EQIKEFAESG LLNIVGGCCG TSPDHIRAFC NAIEGIAPRA IPTLVPNTTL SGLEPLVFTK
     ELNFVNVGER CNVSGSRRFA NLIKANKYEE ALSVARQQVE AGAQIIDINM DEGMIDAVAA
     IQKFLFFIGS EPEISKVPIM LDSSNFDVVE AGLKCVQGKC IVNSISLKVG EELFIKQAKI
     VKQYGASVVV MAFDENGQAT SKEEKVRICY RSYKILTEQV GFYPQDIIFD PNILTIATGL
     EEHNNYGVEF IEATREIKAL MPLTRVSGGV SNLSFSFRGN EPLREAMHSA FLYYAIAAGM
     DMGIVNAGAL PIYDDIPKDL LKLVEDAILN RTNDATEKLL EYAQANNKSE KANVEVEEWR
     NKPVSERIAH ALVKGITTYI IEDTEEARNT LPSSLSVIEG PLMGGMNVVG DLFGAGKMFL
     PQVIKSARVM KKAVAHLIPF MEEEKRLKRL EKGNDEAAED EPDNAGVVVL ATVKGDVHDI
     GKNIVGVVLG CNNYKVIDIG VMTPCEKIVE AIIANKADVV GLSGLITPSL DEMIYVASEL
     ERLKFKIPLM IGGATTSQIH TAVKISPHYS QPTVHVLDAS RSVTVVQSLL DPNNKEVFAE
     DVSQQYAELR EKHYASLKDR KYTSLEKARQ HCVKVNWKTI QPVKPTFLGT QVFKEYSLEK
     LVTKIDWNPF FVTWQLRGKY PNRGYPRIFN DETVGAEAKK LFDDAQTMLK EIVDKKLLNA
     RGVIGFYPAN SIDEDIIIYD HNDDETRSKP IATLFGLRQQ NEKETDEPYI AIGDYIAPVS
     SGVKDYIGLF AVSSGFGLED MVEKYKKEND DYSSIMAKAL ADRLAEALAE AVHEDVRREH
     WAYEKDQALS NEDLFKIKYK GIRPAPGYPA QPDHTEMKTI WSLMNVNENT SIELTDHMAM
     LPGAAVCGVY FSHEHAKYFS VGKITKEQIE SYASRKQITK EEAERWLSSI LSYDRLPLVK
 
 
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