MTK_DROME
ID MTK_DROME Reviewed; 52 AA.
AC Q24395; Q24396; Q86BV8; Q9V7B9;
DT 01-NOV-1997, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-NOV-1997, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 145.
DE RecName: Full=Metchnikowin;
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=Mtk; ORFNames=CG8175;
OS Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea;
OC Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.
OX NCBI_TaxID=7227;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 27-52, AND TISSUE
RP SPECIFICITY.
RC STRAIN=Oregon-R; TISSUE=Abdomen, and Thorax;
RX PubMed=7588819; DOI=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.694_2.x;
RA Levashina E.A., Ohresser S., Bulet P., Reichhart J.-M., Hetru C.,
RA Hoffmann J.A.;
RT "Metchnikowin, a novel immune-inducible proline-rich peptide from
RT Drosophila with antibacterial and antifungal properties.";
RL Eur. J. Biochem. 233:694-700(1995).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=Oregon-R;
RX PubMed=9600835; DOI=10.1006/jmbi.1998.1705;
RA Levashina E.A., Ohresser S., Lemaitre B., Imler J.-L.;
RT "Two distinct pathways can control expression of the gene encoding the
RT Drosophila antimicrobial peptide metchnikowin.";
RL J. Mol. Biol. 278:515-527(1998).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE, AND VARIANTS THR-19 AND ARG-29.
RC STRAIN=2CPA1, 2CPA103, 2CPA105, 2CPA118, 2CPA12, 2CPA122, 2CPA129, 2CPA14,
RC 2CPA43, 2CPA46, 2CPA51, and 2CPA7;
RX PubMed=12716986; DOI=10.1093/molbev/msg109;
RA Lazzaro B.P., Clark A.G.;
RT "Molecular population genetics of inducible antibacterial peptide genes in
RT Drosophila melanogaster.";
RL Mol. Biol. Evol. 20:914-923(2003).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=Berkeley;
RX PubMed=10731132; DOI=10.1126/science.287.5461.2185;
RA Adams M.D., Celniker S.E., Holt R.A., Evans C.A., Gocayne J.D.,
RA Amanatides P.G., Scherer S.E., Li P.W., Hoskins R.A., Galle R.F.,
RA George R.A., Lewis S.E., Richards S., Ashburner M., Henderson S.N.,
RA Sutton G.G., Wortman J.R., Yandell M.D., Zhang Q., Chen L.X., Brandon R.C.,
RA Rogers Y.-H.C., Blazej R.G., Champe M., Pfeiffer B.D., Wan K.H., Doyle C.,
RA Baxter E.G., Helt G., Nelson C.R., Miklos G.L.G., Abril J.F., Agbayani A.,
RA An H.-J., Andrews-Pfannkoch C., Baldwin D., Ballew R.M., Basu A.,
RA Baxendale J., Bayraktaroglu L., Beasley E.M., Beeson K.Y., Benos P.V.,
RA Berman B.P., Bhandari D., Bolshakov S., Borkova D., Botchan M.R., Bouck J.,
RA Brokstein P., Brottier P., Burtis K.C., Busam D.A., Butler H., Cadieu E.,
RA Center A., Chandra I., Cherry J.M., Cawley S., Dahlke C., Davenport L.B.,
RA Davies P., de Pablos B., Delcher A., Deng Z., Mays A.D., Dew I.,
RA Dietz S.M., Dodson K., Doup L.E., Downes M., Dugan-Rocha S., Dunkov B.C.,
RA Dunn P., Durbin K.J., Evangelista C.C., Ferraz C., Ferriera S.,
RA Fleischmann W., Fosler C., Gabrielian A.E., Garg N.S., Gelbart W.M.,
RA Glasser K., Glodek A., Gong F., Gorrell J.H., Gu Z., Guan P., Harris M.,
RA Harris N.L., Harvey D.A., Heiman T.J., Hernandez J.R., Houck J., Hostin D.,
RA Houston K.A., Howland T.J., Wei M.-H., Ibegwam C., Jalali M., Kalush F.,
RA Karpen G.H., Ke Z., Kennison J.A., Ketchum K.A., Kimmel B.E., Kodira C.D.,
RA Kraft C.L., Kravitz S., Kulp D., Lai Z., Lasko P., Lei Y., Levitsky A.A.,
RA Li J.H., Li Z., Liang Y., Lin X., Liu X., Mattei B., McIntosh T.C.,
RA McLeod M.P., McPherson D., Merkulov G., Milshina N.V., Mobarry C.,
RA Morris J., Moshrefi A., Mount S.M., Moy M., Murphy B., Murphy L.,
RA Muzny D.M., Nelson D.L., Nelson D.R., Nelson K.A., Nixon K., Nusskern D.R.,
RA Pacleb J.M., Palazzolo M., Pittman G.S., Pan S., Pollard J., Puri V.,
RA Reese M.G., Reinert K., Remington K., Saunders R.D.C., Scheeler F.,
RA Shen H., Shue B.C., Siden-Kiamos I., Simpson M., Skupski M.P., Smith T.J.,
RA Spier E., Spradling A.C., Stapleton M., Strong R., Sun E., Svirskas R.,
RA Tector C., Turner R., Venter E., Wang A.H., Wang X., Wang Z.-Y.,
RA Wassarman D.A., Weinstock G.M., Weissenbach J., Williams S.M., Woodage T.,
RA Worley K.C., Wu D., Yang S., Yao Q.A., Ye J., Yeh R.-F., Zaveri J.S.,
RA Zhan M., Zhang G., Zhao Q., Zheng L., Zheng X.H., Zhong F.N., Zhong W.,
RA Zhou X., Zhu S.C., Zhu X., Smith H.O., Gibbs R.A., Myers E.W., Rubin G.M.,
RA Venter J.C.;
RT "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster.";
RL Science 287:2185-2195(2000).
RN [5]
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=Berkeley;
RX PubMed=12537572; DOI=10.1186/gb-2002-3-12-research0083;
RA Misra S., Crosby M.A., Mungall C.J., Matthews B.B., Campbell K.S.,
RA Hradecky P., Huang Y., Kaminker J.S., Millburn G.H., Prochnik S.E.,
RA Smith C.D., Tupy J.L., Whitfield E.J., Bayraktaroglu L., Berman B.P.,
RA Bettencourt B.R., Celniker S.E., de Grey A.D.N.J., Drysdale R.A.,
RA Harris N.L., Richter J., Russo S., Schroeder A.J., Shu S.Q., Stapleton M.,
RA Yamada C., Ashburner M., Gelbart W.M., Rubin G.M., Lewis S.E.;
RT "Annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatic genome: a systematic
RT review.";
RL Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0083.1-RESEARCH0083.22(2002).
RN [6]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC STRAIN=Berkeley; TISSUE=Head;
RX PubMed=12537569; DOI=10.1186/gb-2002-3-12-research0080;
RA Stapleton M., Carlson J.W., Brokstein P., Yu C., Champe M., George R.A.,
RA Guarin H., Kronmiller B., Pacleb J.M., Park S., Wan K.H., Rubin G.M.,
RA Celniker S.E.;
RT "A Drosophila full-length cDNA resource.";
RL Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0080.1-RESEARCH0080.8(2002).
RN [7]
RP SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION BY BACTERIA, AND MASS
RP SPECTROMETRY.
RC STRAIN=Oregon-R {ECO:0000303|PubMed:9736738};
RC TISSUE=Hemolymph {ECO:0000303|PubMed:9736738};
RX PubMed=9736738; DOI=10.1073/pnas.95.19.11342;
RA Uttenweiler-Joseph S., Moniatte M., Lagueux M., van Dorsselaer A.,
RA Hoffmann J.A., Bulet P.;
RT "Differential display of peptides induced during the immune response of
RT Drosophila: a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight
RT mass spectrometry study.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:11342-11347(1998).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Potent antifungal and antibacterial activity against Gram-
CC positive bacteria.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9736738}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Hemolymph (at protein level) (PubMed:9736738).
CC Highest expression in fat body (PubMed:7588819).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:7588819, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9736738}.
CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed rapidly and strongly at all stages.
CC -!- INDUCTION: By bacterial infection (at protein level) (PubMed:9736738).
CC Up-regulated in hemolymph 6 hours after immune challenge, levels of
CC expression increase for first 24 hours and persist for the following
CC two weeks (at protein level) (PubMed:9736738).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9736738}.
CC -!- MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=3045.4; Method=MALDI; Note=Variant Arg-29.;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:9736738};
CC -!- POLYMORPHISM: There are 2 allelic forms (A1 and A2) varying in two
CC positions. The isoform shown here is A1. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12716986}.
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DR EMBL; X91060; CAA62511.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; X91061; CAA62512.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AF030959; AAC64659.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY224619; AAO72478.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY224620; AAO72479.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY224621; AAO72480.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY224622; AAO72481.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY224623; AAO72482.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY224624; AAO72483.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY224625; AAO72484.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY224626; AAO72485.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY224627; AAO72486.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY224628; AAO72487.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY224629; AAO72488.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY224630; AAO72489.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AE013599; AAF58139.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AY075536; AAL68343.1; -; mRNA.
DR PIR; S63981; S63981.
DR RefSeq; NP_523752.1; NM_079028.3.
DR PDB; 4EZS; X-ray; 1.90 A; B=46-52.
DR PDBsum; 4EZS; -.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q24395; -.
DR SMR; Q24395; -.
DR DIP; DIP-23804N; -.
DR STRING; 7227.FBpp0086518; -.
DR PaxDb; Q24395; -.
DR DNASU; 36708; -.
DR EnsemblMetazoa; FBtr0087386; FBpp0086518; FBgn0014865.
DR GeneID; 36708; -.
DR KEGG; dme:Dmel_CG8175; -.
DR CTD; 36708; -.
DR FlyBase; FBgn0014865; Mtk.
DR VEuPathDB; VectorBase:FBgn0014865; -.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502T9AQ; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_214043_0_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q24395; -.
DR OMA; SEPHRHQ; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1629215at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q24395; -.
DR BioGRID-ORCS; 36708; 0 hits in 1 CRISPR screen.
DR GenomeRNAi; 36708; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q24395; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000000803; Chromosome 2R.
DR Bgee; FBgn0014865; Expressed in head capsule and 20 other tissues.
DR Genevisible; Q24395; DM.
DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IDA:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0019731; P:antibacterial humoral response; IEP:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0019732; P:antifungal humoral response; IEP:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0006952; P:defense response; IDA:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0050832; P:defense response to fungus; IDA:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0050829; P:defense response to Gram-negative bacterium; IMP:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0050830; P:defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; IDA:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0045087; P:innate immune response; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0031640; P:killing of cells of another organism; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0009617; P:response to bacterium; IDA:FlyBase.
DR GO; GO:0009611; P:response to wounding; IEP:FlyBase.
DR InterPro; IPR012513; Mtk.
DR Pfam; PF08105; Antimicrobial10; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW 3D-structure; Antibiotic; Antimicrobial; Direct protein sequencing;
KW Fungicide; Immunity; Innate immunity; Reference proteome; Secreted; Signal.
FT SIGNAL 1..24
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT PROPEP 25..26
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7588819"
FT /id="PRO_0000004983"
FT PEPTIDE 27..52
FT /note="Metchnikowin"
FT /id="PRO_0000004984"
FT REGION 28..52
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT VARIANT 19
FT /note="A -> T (in strain: 2CPA51)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12716986"
FT VARIANT 29
FT /note="H -> R (in strain: 2CPA51)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12716986"
SQ SEQUENCE 52 AA; 5654 MW; 0B1E2112BAE03129 CRC64;
MQLNLGAIFL ALLGVMATAT SVLAEPHRHQ GPIFDTRPSP FNPNQPRPGP IY
