NDB4N_TITSE
ID NDB4N_TITSE Reviewed; 73 AA.
AC S6D3A7;
DT 16-APR-2014, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 16-OCT-2013, sequence version 1.
DT 25-MAY-2022, entry version 11.
DE RecName: Full=Antimicrobial peptide TsAP-2 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:23770440};
DE AltName: Full=Non-disulfide-bridged peptide 4.23 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24184590};
DE Short=NDBP-4.23 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24184590};
DE Flags: Precursor;
OS Tityus serrulatus (Brazilian scorpion).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Chelicerata; Arachnida;
OC Scorpiones; Buthida; Buthoidea; Buthidae; Tityus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=6887;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, SYNTHESIS OF 23-39, MUTAGENESIS OF
RP GLY-29; 32-GLY-GLY-33 AND SER-36, MASS SPECTROMETRY, AMIDATION AT LYS-39,
RP AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RC TISSUE=Venom, and Venom gland;
RX PubMed=23770440; DOI=10.1016/j.biochi.2013.06.003;
RA Guo X., Ma C., Du Q., Wei R., Wang L., Zhou M., Chen T., Shaw C.;
RT "Two peptides, TsAP-1 and TsAP-2, from the venom of the Brazilian yellow
RT scorpion, Tityus serrulatus: evaluation of their antimicrobial and
RT anticancer activities.";
RL Biochimie 95:1784-1794(2013).
RN [2]
RP FUNCTION, AND SYNTHESIS OF 23-39.
RX PubMed=27917162; DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2016.01844;
RA Guilhelmelli F., Vilela N., Smidt K.S., de Oliveira M.A.,
RA da Cunha Morales Alvares A., Rigonatto M.C., da Silva Costa P.H.,
RA Tavares A.H., de Freitas S.M., Nicola A.M., Franco O.L., Derengowski L.D.,
RA Schwartz E.F., Mortari M.R., Bocca A.L., Albuquerque P., Silva-Pereira I.;
RT "Activity of scorpion venom-derived antifungal peptides against planktonic
RT cells of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans
RT biofilms.";
RL Front. Microbiol. 7:1844-1844(2016).
RN [3]
RP FUNCTION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, AND BIOASSAY.
RX PubMed=27567704; DOI=10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.08.016;
RA Daniele-Silva A., Machado R.J., Monteiro N.K., Estrela A.B., Santos E.C.,
RA Carvalho E., Araujo Junior R.F., Melo-Silveira R.F., Rocha H.A.,
RA Silva-Junior A.A., Fernandes-Pedrosa M.F.;
RT "Stigmurin and TsAP-2 from Tityus stigmurus scorpion venom: assessment of
RT structure and therapeutic potential in experimental sepsis.";
RL Toxicon 121:10-21(2016).
RN [4]
RP NOMENCLATURE.
RX PubMed=24184590; DOI=10.1016/j.peptides.2013.10.021;
RA Almaaytah A., Albalas Q.;
RT "Scorpion venom peptides with no disulfide bridges: a review.";
RL Peptides 51:35-45(2014).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Antimicrobial peptide (PubMed:23770440, PubMed:27917162,
CC PubMed:27567704). Has a high antibacterial activity against the Gram-
CC positive bacterium S.aureus (MIC=5-17.30 uM), the methicillin-resistant
CC S.aureus (MRSA) (MIC=17.30 uM), and E.faecalis (MIC=69.23 uM)
CC (PubMed:23770440, PubMed:27567704). Has antifungal activity against
CC Candida spp. and one Cryptococcus neoformans strains with MICs values
CC ranging from 6.25 to 100 uM (PubMed:23770440, PubMed:27917162,
CC PubMed:27567704). Shows also an inhibitory activity on C.albicans
CC biofilms at high concentrations (PubMed:27917162).Has a moderate
CC hemolytic potency (18% at 20 uM) (PubMed:23770440, PubMed:27567704).
CC Also inhibits the growth of the five cancer cell lines tested
CC (PubMed:23770440). In the model of polymicrobial sepsis, it exhibits an
CC antibiotic effect, reducing the levels of microorganisms in the
CC infectious focus and the inflammatory responses in the lung and cecum
CC of septic animals (PubMed:27567704). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23770440,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:27567704, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27917162}.
CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
CC pH dependence:
CC Stable to pH variation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27567704};
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23770440}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed by the venom gland.
CC {ECO:0000305|PubMed:23770440}.
CC -!- MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=1733.32; Method=Electrospray;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:23770440};
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The primary structure of the mature peptide is identical
CC to that of NDBP4.23-like from Tityus costatus (AC Q5G8B5).
CC {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Does not inhibit the Gram-negative bacterium E.coli
CC (PubMed:23770440). Does not show antifungal activity against Candida
CC glabrata (ATCC90030) (MIC>400 uM) (PubMed:27917162).
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23770440, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27917162}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the non-disulfide-bridged peptide (NDBP)
CC superfamily. Short antimicrobial peptide (group 4) family.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; HF677517; CCQ98792.1; -; mRNA.
DR AlphaFoldDB; S6D3A7; -.
DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0042742; P:defense response to bacterium; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0050832; P:defense response to fungus; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0044179; P:hemolysis in another organism; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Amidation; Antibiotic; Antimicrobial; Cytolysis; Fungicide; Hemolysis;
KW Secreted; Signal.
FT SIGNAL 1..22
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:23770440"
FT PEPTIDE 23..39
FT /note="Antimicrobial peptide TsAP-2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:23770440"
FT /id="PRO_5001155573"
FT PROPEP 45..73
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:23770440"
FT /id="PRO_5001155574"
FT MOD_RES 39
FT /note="Lysine amide"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:23770440"
FT MUTAGEN 29
FT /note="G->K: Important increase of antimicrobial and
FT hemolytic activities; when associated wiTH 32-K-K-33 AND K-
FT 36."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:23770440"
FT MUTAGEN 32..33
FT /note="GG->KK: Important increase of antimicrobial and
FT hemolytic activities; when associated with K-29 AND K-36."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:23770440"
FT MUTAGEN 36
FT /note="S->K: Important increase of antimicrobial and
FT hemolytic activities; when associated with K-29 AND 32-K-K-
FT 33."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:23770440"
SQ SEQUENCE 73 AA; 8391 MW; 8E0E39B93B61F561 CRC64;
MQIKHLITIF FLVLIVADHC HAFLGMIPGL IGGLISAFKG RRKREITSQI EQYRNLQKRE
AELENLLANL PVY
