ID   NEF_HV2SB               Reviewed;         256 AA.
AC   P12447;
DT   01-OCT-1989, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   23-JAN-2007, sequence version 3.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 110.
DE   RecName: Full=Protein Nef;
DE   AltName: Full=3'ORF;
DE   AltName: Full=Negative factor;
DE            Short=F-protein;
GN   Name=nef;
OS   Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate SBLISY) (HIV-2).
OC   Viruses; Riboviria; Pararnavirae; Artverviricota; Revtraviricetes;
OC   Ortervirales; Retroviridae; Orthoretrovirinae; Lentivirus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=11718;
OH   NCBI_TaxID=9606; Homo sapiens (Human).
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=2648404; DOI=10.1073/pnas.86.7.2433;
RA   Franchini G., Fargnoli K.A., Giombini F., Jagodzinski L.L., de Rossi A.,
RA   Bosch M., Biberfeld G., Fenyo A.M., Albert J., Gallo R.C., Wong-Staal F.;
RT   "Molecular and biological characterization of a replication competent human
RT   immunodeficiency type 2 (HIV-2) proviral clone.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:2433-2437(1989).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Factor of infectivity and pathogenicity, required for optimal
CC       virus replication. Alters numerous pathways of T-lymphocyte function
CC       and down-regulates immunity surface molecules in order to evade host
CC       defense and increase viral infectivity. Alters the functionality of
CC       other immunity cells, like dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages and
CC       NK cells. One of the earliest and most abundantly expressed viral
CC       proteins (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: In infected CD4(+) T-lymphocytes, down-regulates cell surface
CC       expression of CD4, CD28, CD3, and MHC-I or MHC-II molecules.
CC       {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Interferes with TCR signaling from the cell membrane.
CC       Interacts with CD247/TCRZ (TCR zeta chain) and exert potent down-
CC       regulation of cell surface TCR/CD3 complexes (By similarity).
CC       {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Plays a role in optimizing the host cell environment for
CC       viral replication without causing cell death by apoptosis. Protects the
CC       infected cells from apoptosis in order to keep them alive until the
CC       next virus generation is ready to strike (By similarity).
CC       {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Extracellular Nef protein targets CD4(+) T-lymphocytes for
CC       apoptosis by interacting with CXCR4 surface receptors. {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer. Interacts with host CD247/TCRZ; this interaction
CC       induces down-regulation of cell surface TCR/CD3 complexes.
CC       {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cell membrane {ECO:0000250}; Lipid-anchor
CC       {ECO:0000250}; Cytoplasmic side {ECO:0000250}. Note=Associates with the
CC       inner plasma membrane through its N-terminal domain. {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- DOMAIN: The N-terminal domain is composed of the N-myristoyl glycine
CC       and of a cluster of positively charged amino acids. It is required for
CC       inner plasma membrane targeting of Nef and virion incorporation, and
CC       thereby for infectivity (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lentivirus primate group Nef protein family.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; J04498; AAB00753.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   SMR; P12447; -.
DR   PRIDE; P12447; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000007427; Genome.
DR   GO; GO:0020002; C:host cell plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0016020; C:membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0005525; F:GTP binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   Gene3D; 3.30.62.10; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR027481; HIV-1_Nef_core_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR001558; HIV_Nef.
DR   Pfam; PF00469; F-protein; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF55671; SSF55671; 1.
PE   3: Inferred from homology;
KW   AIDS; Host cell membrane; Host membrane; Host-virus interaction;
KW   Lipoprotein; Membrane; Myristate; Viral immunoevasion; Virulence.
FT   INIT_MET        1
FT                   /note="Removed; by host"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   CHAIN           2..256
FT                   /note="Protein Nef"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000085235"
FT   REGION          33..100
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   REGION          88..96
FT                   /note="Acidic"
FT   REGION          140..156
FT                   /note="Mediates dimerization"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   MOTIF           104..107
FT                   /note="PxxP"
FT   COMPBIAS        55..69
FT                   /note="Polar residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        73..88
FT                   /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   LIPID           2
FT                   /note="N-myristoyl glycine; by host"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
SQ   SEQUENCE   256 AA;  29437 MW;  78CECDD318017132 CRC64;
     MGASGSKKRS RPSRGLQERL LRARGGACGG LWDESEGGYS QFHEGSGREQ KLPSCEGQRY
     QQGDFMNTPW RTPATEKEKE SYRQQNMDDV DSDDDDLVGV SDTSRVPLRA MTYRMAVDMS
     DLIKDKGGLE GMYYSERRHR ILDIYLEKEE GIIPDWQNYT HGLGVRYPMF FGWLWKLVPV
     TVPQEGEDTE TLCLMHSAQV SRFDDPHGET LVWKFDPMLA HEYTTFILYP EEFGHKSGME
     EDDWKAKLKA RGIPFS