ID   NEF_HV2ST               Reviewed;         255 AA.
AC   P20868;
DT   01-FEB-1991, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   23-JAN-2007, sequence version 3.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 114.
DE   RecName: Full=Protein Nef;
DE   AltName: Full=3'ORF;
DE   AltName: Full=Negative factor;
DE            Short=F-protein;
GN   Name=nef;
OS   Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate ST) (HIV-2).
OC   Viruses; Riboviria; Pararnavirae; Artverviricota; Revtraviricetes;
OC   Ortervirales; Retroviridae; Orthoretrovirinae; Lentivirus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=11721;
OH   NCBI_TaxID=9606; Homo sapiens (Human).
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=2296086; DOI=10.1128/jvi.64.2.890-901.1990;
RA   Kumar P., Hui H., Kappes J.C., Haggarty B.S., Hoxie J.A., Arya S.K.,
RA   Shaw G.M., Hahn B.H.;
RT   "Molecular characterization of an attenuated human immunodeficiency virus
RT   type 2 isolate.";
RL   J. Virol. 64:890-901(1990).
RN   [2]
RP   INTERACTION WITH HOST CD247/TCRZ.
RX   PubMed=9811718; DOI=10.1128/jvi.72.12.9827-9834.1998;
RA   Howe A.Y., Jung J.U., Desrosiers R.C.;
RT   "Zeta chain of the T-cell receptor interacts with nef of simian
RT   immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 2.";
RL   J. Virol. 72:9827-9834(1998).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Factor of infectivity and pathogenicity, required for optimal
CC       virus replication. Alters numerous pathways of T-lymphocyte function
CC       and down-regulates immunity surface molecules in order to evade host
CC       defense and increase viral infectivity. Alters the functionality of
CC       other immunity cells, like dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages and
CC       NK cells. One of the earliest and most abundantly expressed viral
CC       proteins (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: In infected CD4(+) T-lymphocytes, down-regulates cell surface
CC       expression of CD4, CD28, CD3, and MHC-I or MHC-II molecules.
CC       {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Interferes with TCR signaling from the cell membrane.
CC       Interacts with CD247/TCRZ (TCR zeta chain) and exert potent down-
CC       regulation of cell surface TCR/CD3 complexes (By similarity).
CC       {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Plays a role in optimizing the host cell environment for
CC       viral replication without causing cell death by apoptosis. Protects the
CC       infected cells from apoptosis in order to keep them alive until the
CC       next virus generation is ready to strike (By similarity).
CC       {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Extracellular Nef protein targets CD4(+) T-lymphocytes for
CC       apoptosis by interacting with CXCR4 surface receptors. {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer (By similarity). Interacts with host CD247/TCRZ;
CC       this interaction induces down-regulation of cell surface TCR/CD3
CC       complexes. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9811718}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cell membrane {ECO:0000250}; Lipid-anchor
CC       {ECO:0000250}; Cytoplasmic side {ECO:0000250}. Note=Associates with the
CC       inner plasma membrane through its N-terminal domain. {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- DOMAIN: The N-terminal domain is composed of the N-myristoyl glycine
CC       and of a cluster of positively charged amino acids. It is required for
CC       inner plasma membrane targeting of Nef and virion incorporation, and
CC       thereby for infectivity (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lentivirus primate group Nef protein family.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; M31113; AAB01359.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   PIR; I33943; ASLJSZ.
DR   SMR; P20868; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000007713; Genome.
DR   GO; GO:0020002; C:host cell plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0016020; C:membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0005525; F:GTP binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   Gene3D; 3.30.62.10; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR027481; HIV-1_Nef_core_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR001558; HIV_Nef.
DR   Pfam; PF00469; F-protein; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF55671; SSF55671; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   AIDS; Host cell membrane; Host membrane; Host-virus interaction;
KW   Lipoprotein; Membrane; Myristate; Viral immunoevasion; Virulence.
FT   INIT_MET        1
FT                   /note="Removed; by host"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   CHAIN           2..255
FT                   /note="Protein Nef"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000085238"
FT   REGION          1..100
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   REGION          87..95
FT                   /note="Acidic"
FT   REGION          139..155
FT                   /note="Mediates dimerization"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   MOTIF           103..106
FT                   /note="PxxP"
FT   LIPID           2
FT                   /note="N-myristoyl glycine; by host"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
SQ   SEQUENCE   255 AA;  29136 MW;  8CBC078DC862C3D0 CRC64;
     MGASGSKKRS EPSRGLRERL LQTPGEASGG HWDKLGGEYL QSQEGSGRGQ KSPSCEGRRY
     QQGDFMNTPW RAPAEGEKGS YKQQNMDDVD SDDDDLVGVP VTPRVPLREM TYRLARDMSH
     LIKEKGGLEG LYYSDRRRRV LDIYLEKEEG IIGDWQNYTH GPGVRYPKFF GWLWKLVPVD
     VPQEGDDSET HCLVHPAQTS RFDDPHGETL VWRFDPTLAF SYEAFIRYPE EFGYKSGLPE
     DEWKARLKAR GIPFS