ID   NELFD_DROME             Reviewed;         578 AA.
AC   Q24134; Q24553; Q9V418;
DT   14-NOV-2003, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   14-NOV-2003, sequence version 2.
DT   03-AUG-2022, entry version 139.
DE   RecName: Full=Negative elongation factor D;
GN   Name=TH1; Synonyms=NELF-D; ORFNames=CG9984;
OS   Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC   Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea;
OC   Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=7227;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=Berkeley; TISSUE=Embryo;
RX   PubMed=11030415; DOI=10.1007/s004390000344;
RA   Bonthron D.T., Hayward B.E., Moran V., Strain L.;
RT   "Characterization of TH1 and CTSZ, two non-imprinted genes downstream of
RT   GNAS1 in chromosome 20q13.";
RL   Hum. Genet. 107:165-175(2000).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC   TISSUE=Embryo;
RA   Oliveri D.R., Banga S.S., Boyd J.B.;
RT   "Characterization of a prominent transcript in Drosophila embryos.";
RL   Submitted (SEP-1992) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=Berkeley;
RX   PubMed=10731132; DOI=10.1126/science.287.5461.2185;
RA   Adams M.D., Celniker S.E., Holt R.A., Evans C.A., Gocayne J.D.,
RA   Amanatides P.G., Scherer S.E., Li P.W., Hoskins R.A., Galle R.F.,
RA   George R.A., Lewis S.E., Richards S., Ashburner M., Henderson S.N.,
RA   Sutton G.G., Wortman J.R., Yandell M.D., Zhang Q., Chen L.X., Brandon R.C.,
RA   Rogers Y.-H.C., Blazej R.G., Champe M., Pfeiffer B.D., Wan K.H., Doyle C.,
RA   Baxter E.G., Helt G., Nelson C.R., Miklos G.L.G., Abril J.F., Agbayani A.,
RA   An H.-J., Andrews-Pfannkoch C., Baldwin D., Ballew R.M., Basu A.,
RA   Baxendale J., Bayraktaroglu L., Beasley E.M., Beeson K.Y., Benos P.V.,
RA   Berman B.P., Bhandari D., Bolshakov S., Borkova D., Botchan M.R., Bouck J.,
RA   Brokstein P., Brottier P., Burtis K.C., Busam D.A., Butler H., Cadieu E.,
RA   Center A., Chandra I., Cherry J.M., Cawley S., Dahlke C., Davenport L.B.,
RA   Davies P., de Pablos B., Delcher A., Deng Z., Mays A.D., Dew I.,
RA   Dietz S.M., Dodson K., Doup L.E., Downes M., Dugan-Rocha S., Dunkov B.C.,
RA   Dunn P., Durbin K.J., Evangelista C.C., Ferraz C., Ferriera S.,
RA   Fleischmann W., Fosler C., Gabrielian A.E., Garg N.S., Gelbart W.M.,
RA   Glasser K., Glodek A., Gong F., Gorrell J.H., Gu Z., Guan P., Harris M.,
RA   Harris N.L., Harvey D.A., Heiman T.J., Hernandez J.R., Houck J., Hostin D.,
RA   Houston K.A., Howland T.J., Wei M.-H., Ibegwam C., Jalali M., Kalush F.,
RA   Karpen G.H., Ke Z., Kennison J.A., Ketchum K.A., Kimmel B.E., Kodira C.D.,
RA   Kraft C.L., Kravitz S., Kulp D., Lai Z., Lasko P., Lei Y., Levitsky A.A.,
RA   Li J.H., Li Z., Liang Y., Lin X., Liu X., Mattei B., McIntosh T.C.,
RA   McLeod M.P., McPherson D., Merkulov G., Milshina N.V., Mobarry C.,
RA   Morris J., Moshrefi A., Mount S.M., Moy M., Murphy B., Murphy L.,
RA   Muzny D.M., Nelson D.L., Nelson D.R., Nelson K.A., Nixon K., Nusskern D.R.,
RA   Pacleb J.M., Palazzolo M., Pittman G.S., Pan S., Pollard J., Puri V.,
RA   Reese M.G., Reinert K., Remington K., Saunders R.D.C., Scheeler F.,
RA   Shen H., Shue B.C., Siden-Kiamos I., Simpson M., Skupski M.P., Smith T.J.,
RA   Spier E., Spradling A.C., Stapleton M., Strong R., Sun E., Svirskas R.,
RA   Tector C., Turner R., Venter E., Wang A.H., Wang X., Wang Z.-Y.,
RA   Wassarman D.A., Weinstock G.M., Weissenbach J., Williams S.M., Woodage T.,
RA   Worley K.C., Wu D., Yang S., Yao Q.A., Ye J., Yeh R.-F., Zaveri J.S.,
RA   Zhan M., Zhang G., Zhao Q., Zheng L., Zheng X.H., Zhong F.N., Zhong W.,
RA   Zhou X., Zhu S.C., Zhu X., Smith H.O., Gibbs R.A., Myers E.W., Rubin G.M.,
RA   Venter J.C.;
RT   "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster.";
RL   Science 287:2185-2195(2000).
RN   [4]
RP   GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC   STRAIN=Berkeley;
RX   PubMed=12537572; DOI=10.1186/gb-2002-3-12-research0083;
RA   Misra S., Crosby M.A., Mungall C.J., Matthews B.B., Campbell K.S.,
RA   Hradecky P., Huang Y., Kaminker J.S., Millburn G.H., Prochnik S.E.,
RA   Smith C.D., Tupy J.L., Whitfield E.J., Bayraktaroglu L., Berman B.P.,
RA   Bettencourt B.R., Celniker S.E., de Grey A.D.N.J., Drysdale R.A.,
RA   Harris N.L., Richter J., Russo S., Schroeder A.J., Shu S.Q., Stapleton M.,
RA   Yamada C., Ashburner M., Gelbart W.M., Rubin G.M., Lewis S.E.;
RT   "Annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatic genome: a systematic
RT   review.";
RL   Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0083.1-RESEARCH0083.22(2002).
RN   [5]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=Berkeley; TISSUE=Embryo;
RX   PubMed=12537569; DOI=10.1186/gb-2002-3-12-research0080;
RA   Stapleton M., Carlson J.W., Brokstein P., Yu C., Champe M., George R.A.,
RA   Guarin H., Kronmiller B., Pacleb J.M., Park S., Wan K.H., Rubin G.M.,
RA   Celniker S.E.;
RT   "A Drosophila full-length cDNA resource.";
RL   Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0080.1-RESEARCH0080.8(2002).
RN   [6]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-393.
RX   PubMed=7671309; DOI=10.1016/0092-8674(95)90478-6;
RA   Hari K.L., Santerre A., Sekelsky J.J., McKim K.S., Boyd J.B., Hawley R.S.;
RT   "The mei-41 gene of D. melanogaster is a structural and functional homolog
RT   of the human ataxia telangiectasia gene.";
RL   Cell 82:815-821(1995).
RN   [7]
RP   FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND INTERACTION WITH NELF-E.
RX   PubMed=12782658; DOI=10.1101/gad.1091403;
RA   Wu C.-H., Yamaguchi Y., Benjamin L.R., Horvat-Gordon M., Washinsky J.,
RA   Enerly E., Larsson J., Lambertsson A., Handa H., Gilmour D.;
RT   "NELF and DSIF cause promoter proximal pausing on the hsp70 promoter in
RT   Drosophila.";
RL   Genes Dev. 17:1402-1414(2003).
RN   [8]
RP   FUNCTION, AND SUBUNIT.
RX   PubMed=15741180; DOI=10.1093/nar/gki274;
RA   Wu C.-H., Lee C., Fan R., Smith M.J., Yamaguchi Y., Handa H., Gilmour D.S.;
RT   "Molecular characterization of Drosophila NELF.";
RL   Nucleic Acids Res. 33:1269-1279(2005).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Essential component of the NELF complex, a complex that
CC       negatively regulates the elongation of transcription by RNA polymerase
CC       II by RNA polymerase II. The NELF complex, which acts via an
CC       association with the DSIF complex, causes transcriptional pausing.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12782658, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15741180}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Component of the NELF complex, which is at least composed of
CC       TH1/NELF-D and NELF-E. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15741180}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12782658}. Chromosome
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12782658}. Note=Associates with polytene
CC       chromosomes. Associates with the hsp70 promoter when it is inactive,
CC       but not when it is activated. The NELF complex possibly dissociates
CC       from chromatin following phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NELF-D family. {ECO:0000305}.
CC   -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
CC       Sequence=AAA28932.1; Type=Frameshift; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
CC       Sequence=AAC46880.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
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DR   EMBL; AJ238377; CAB64258.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AJ238378; CAB64259.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; L01790; AAA28932.1; ALT_FRAME; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AE014298; AAF48603.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AY051957; AAK93381.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; U34925; AAC46880.1; ALT_SEQ; Genomic_DNA.
DR   PIR; T13287; T13287.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001285326.1; NM_001298397.1.
DR   RefSeq; NP_573123.1; NM_132895.3.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q24134; -.
DR   SMR; Q24134; -.
DR   BioGRID; 58947; 7.
DR   DIP; DIP-23874N; -.
DR   IntAct; Q24134; 7.
DR   STRING; 7227.FBpp0074080; -.
DR   PaxDb; Q24134; -.
DR   PRIDE; Q24134; -.
DR   DNASU; 32607; -.
DR   EnsemblMetazoa; FBtr0074305; FBpp0074080; FBgn0010416.
DR   EnsemblMetazoa; FBtr0340315; FBpp0309276; FBgn0010416.
DR   GeneID; 32607; -.
DR   KEGG; dme:Dmel_CG9984; -.
DR   UCSC; CG9984-RA; d. melanogaster.
DR   CTD; 32607; -.
DR   FlyBase; FBgn0010416; TH1.
DR   VEuPathDB; VectorBase:FBgn0010416; -.
DR   eggNOG; ENOG502QPUE; Eukaryota.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_028060_0_0_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; Q24134; -.
DR   OMA; GFQHEIS; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 1288184at2759; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; Q24134; -.
DR   Reactome; R-DME-112382; Formation of RNA Pol II elongation complex.
DR   Reactome; R-DME-113418; Formation of the Early Elongation Complex.
DR   Reactome; R-DME-674695; RNA Polymerase II Pre-transcription Events.
DR   Reactome; R-DME-6796648; TP53 Regulates Transcription of DNA Repair Genes.
DR   Reactome; R-DME-75955; RNA Polymerase II Transcription Elongation.
DR   BioGRID-ORCS; 32607; 0 hits in 1 CRISPR screen.
DR   GenomeRNAi; 32607; -.
DR   PRO; PR:Q24134; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000000803; Chromosome X.
DR   Bgee; FBgn0010416; Expressed in oviduct (Drosophila) and 44 other tissues.
DR   ExpressionAtlas; Q24134; baseline and differential.
DR   Genevisible; Q24134; DM.
DR   GO; GO:0032021; C:NELF complex; IPI:FlyBase.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:FlyBase.
DR   GO; GO:0005705; C:polytene chromosome interband; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0005703; C:polytene chromosome puff; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0008023; C:transcription elongation factor complex; IPI:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0017053; C:transcription repressor complex; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0003723; F:RNA binding; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0000122; P:negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0034244; P:negative regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter; IDA:FlyBase.
DR   InterPro; IPR006942; TH1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR12144; PTHR12144; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF04858; TH1; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Chromosome; Nucleus; Reference proteome; Repressor; Transcription;
KW   Transcription regulation.
FT   CHAIN           1..578
FT                   /note="Negative elongation factor D"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000219133"
FT   REGION          1..28
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        12..26
FT                   /note="Polar residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
SQ   SEQUENCE   578 AA;  65781 MW;  2949EE378AEC19BE CRC64;
     MEVEYDDSGW QGRAKGQTNP EETLEDNPQK TIQECLEKFL TPDYIMEPGI FTQLKRYFQS
     GGSPEEVISM LSENYKAVAQ MANLLAEWLI LAGVKVTEVQ AMVENHLKEM ILKSFDPKKA
     DTIFTEEGET PDWLTEMIDH YTWRSLIYRL AEEYPDCLML NFTIKLISDA GFQSEITSIS
     TAAQQIEVFS RVLKTSIVKF LNNPDDVHGA IQECARMVCH GQHTYVYSQV LIQVLSQEQK
     GGFNMKRLSQ EIIKYALQNN QNVTPITMAL NGSAVYPQAC QALTSMLTRN TLNPADITVL
     FRNYSGSDPP PIDLIRNPQF LELLVDALFR SGVKINPEHK PKYMFLLAYA SAVIDQPAKK
     RPMTERMLNK EELKSTIQAI EKAHTICNVD QGSTELIAEL QTLYNCIKYP VVGVGVIRWI
     ENVVMEPSYF KLSTDSCPTH LAVLDEVAAV HPTLQQQILF LLIRLFESKQ DELEILVQLE
     MKKMILDRMV NLLTRGCVVP VLRYIKQCCA IEDTDISLIR YFVTEVLETI THPYSPEFVQ
     LFLPMVENEE ITGTMRGEGD NDPVSEFIVH CKAHYTTV