NRAM_I68A4
ID NRAM_I68A4 Reviewed; 469 AA.
AC Q91MA2;
DT 06-MAR-2007, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-DEC-2001, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 112.
DE RecName: Full=Neuraminidase {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071};
DE EC=3.2.1.18 {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071};
GN Name=NA {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071};
OS Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/1/1968 H3N2).
OC Viruses; Riboviria; Orthornavirae; Negarnaviricota; Polyploviricotina;
OC Insthoviricetes; Articulavirales; Orthomyxoviridae; Alphainfluenzavirus.
OX NCBI_TaxID=506350;
OH NCBI_TaxID=8782; Aves.
OH NCBI_TaxID=9721; Cetacea (whales).
OH NCBI_TaxID=9606; Homo sapiens (Human).
OH NCBI_TaxID=9709; Phocidae (true seals).
OH NCBI_TaxID=9823; Sus scrofa (Pig).
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA].
RX PubMed=11371620; DOI=10.1073/pnas.111165798;
RA Brown E.G., Liu H., Kit L.C., Baird S., Nesrallah M.;
RT "Pattern of mutation in the genome of influenza A virus on adaptation to
RT increased virulence in the mouse lung: identification of functional
RT themes.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98:6883-6888(2001).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA].
RX PubMed=12753908; DOI=10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00403-4;
RA Takahashi T., Suzuki T., Hidari K.I.-P.J., Miyamoto D., Suzuki Y.;
RT "A molecular mechanism for the low-pH stability of sialidase activity of
RT influenza A virus N2 neuraminidases.";
RL FEBS Lett. 543:71-75(2003).
RN [3]
RP REVIEW.
RX PubMed=15567494; DOI=10.1016/j.virusres.2004.08.012;
RA Nayak D.P., Hui E.K., Barman S.;
RT "Assembly and budding of influenza virus.";
RL Virus Res. 106:147-165(2004).
RN [4]
RP REVIEW.
RX PubMed=16192481; DOI=10.1056/nejmra050740;
RA Moscona A.;
RT "Neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza.";
RL N. Engl. J. Med. 353:1363-1373(2005).
RN [5]
RP REVIEW.
RX PubMed=15744059; DOI=10.1248/bpb.28.399;
RA Suzuki Y.;
RT "Sialobiology of influenza: molecular mechanism of host range variation of
RT influenza viruses.";
RL Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28:399-408(2005).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Catalyzes the removal of terminal sialic acid residues from
CC viral and cellular glycoconjugates. Cleaves off the terminal sialic
CC acids on the glycosylated HA during virus budding to facilitate virus
CC release. Additionally helps virus spread through the circulation by
CC further removing sialic acids from the cell surface. These cleavages
CC prevent self-aggregation and ensure the efficient spread of the progeny
CC virus from cell to cell. Otherwise, infection would be limited to one
CC round of replication. Described as a receptor-destroying enzyme because
CC it cleaves a terminal sialic acid from the cellular receptors. May
CC facilitate viral invasion of the upper airways by cleaving the sialic
CC acid moieties on the mucin of the airway epithelial cells. Likely to
CC plays a role in the budding process through its association with lipid
CC rafts during intracellular transport. May additionally display a raft-
CC association independent effect on budding. Plays a role in the
CC determination of host range restriction on replication and virulence.
CC Sialidase activity in late endosome/lysosome traffic seems to enhance
CC virus replication. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071}.
CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC Reaction=Hydrolysis of alpha-(2->3)-, alpha-(2->6)-, alpha-
CC (2->8)- glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic acid residues in
CC oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid and
CC synthetic substrates.; EC=3.2.1.18; Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04071};
CC -!- COFACTOR:
CC Name=Ca(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29108;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071};
CC -!- ACTIVITY REGULATION: Inhibited by the neuraminidase inhibitors
CC zanamivir (Relenza) and oseltamivir (Tamiflu). These drugs interfere
CC with the release of progeny virus from infected cells and are effective
CC against all influenza strains. Resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors
CC is quite rare. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homotetramer. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04071}. Host apical cell membrane {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04071}; Single-pass type II membrane protein
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071}. Note=Preferentially accumulates at
CC the apical plasma membrane in infected polarized epithelial cells,
CC which is the virus assembly site. Uses lipid rafts for cell surface
CC transport and apical sorting. In the virion, forms a mushroom-shaped
CC spike on the surface of the membrane. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC Rule:MF_04071}.
CC -!- DOMAIN: Intact N-terminus is essential for virion morphogenesis.
CC Possesses two apical sorting signals, one in the ectodomain, which is
CC likely to be a glycan, and the other in the transmembrane domain. The
CC transmembrane domain also plays a role in lipid raft association.
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071}.
CC -!- PTM: N-glycosylated. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The influenza A genome consist of 8 RNA segments.
CC Genetic variation of hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase genes results
CC in the emergence of new influenza strains. The mechanism of variation
CC can be the result of point mutations or the result of genetic
CC reassortment between segments of two different strains.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 34 family.
CC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071}.
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DR EMBL; AF348184; AAK51726.1; -; Genomic_RNA.
DR EMBL; AB101674; BAC77663.1; -; Genomic_RNA.
DR SMR; Q91MA2; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q91MA2; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000142359; Genome.
DR GO; GO:0020002; C:host cell plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0055036; C:virion membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0052794; F:exo-alpha-(2->3)-sialidase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0052795; F:exo-alpha-(2->6)-sialidase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0052796; F:exo-alpha-(2->8)-sialidase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0046872; F:metal ion binding; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR GO; GO:0005975; P:carbohydrate metabolic process; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0046761; P:viral budding from plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR CDD; cd15483; Influenza_NA; 1.
DR HAMAP; MF_04071; INFV_NRAM; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR001860; Glyco_hydro_34.
DR InterPro; IPR033654; Sialidase_Influenza_A/B.
DR InterPro; IPR036278; Sialidase_sf.
DR Pfam; PF00064; Neur; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF50939; SSF50939; 1.
PE 3: Inferred from homology;
KW Calcium; Disulfide bond; Glycoprotein; Glycosidase; Host cell membrane;
KW Host membrane; Hydrolase; Membrane; Metal-binding; Signal-anchor;
KW Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix; Virion.
FT CHAIN 1..469
FT /note="Neuraminidase"
FT /id="PRO_0000280136"
FT TOPO_DOM 1..9
FT /note="Intravirion"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT TRANSMEM 10..30
FT /note="Helical"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT TOPO_DOM 31..469
FT /note="Virion surface"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT REGION 11..33
FT /note="Involved in apical transport and lipid raft
FT association"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT REGION 36..88
FT /note="Hypervariable stalk region"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT REGION 91..469
FT /note="Head of neuraminidase"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT REGION 324..350
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 326..346
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT ACT_SITE 151
FT /note="Proton donor/acceptor"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT ACT_SITE 406
FT /note="Nucleophile"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT BINDING 118
FT /ligand="substrate"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT BINDING 152
FT /ligand="substrate"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT BINDING 276..277
FT /ligand="substrate"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT BINDING 292
FT /ligand="substrate"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT BINDING 293
FT /ligand="Ca(2+)"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29108"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT BINDING 297
FT /ligand="Ca(2+)"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29108"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT BINDING 324
FT /ligand="Ca(2+)"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29108"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT BINDING 371
FT /ligand="substrate"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT CARBOHYD 61
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT CARBOHYD 69
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT CARBOHYD 70
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT CARBOHYD 86
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT CARBOHYD 146
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT CARBOHYD 200
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT CARBOHYD 234
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT CARBOHYD 402
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by host"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT DISULFID 92..417
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT DISULFID 124..129
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT DISULFID 183..230
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT DISULFID 232..237
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT DISULFID 278..291
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT DISULFID 280..289
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT DISULFID 318..337
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
FT DISULFID 421..447
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_04071"
SQ SEQUENCE 469 AA; 52185 MW; 41CC8B72D2070121 CRC64;
MNPNQKIITI GSVSLTIATV CFLMQIAILV TTVTLHFKQY ECDSPASNQV MPCEPIIIER
NITEIVYLNN TTIEKEICPK VVEYRNWSKP QCQITGFAPF SKDNSIRLSA GGDIWVTREP
YVSCDHGKCY QFALGQGTTL DNKHSNDTIH DRIPHRTLLM NELGVPFHLG TRQVCIAWSS
SSCHDGKAWL HVCITGDDKN ATASFIYDGR LVDSIGSWSQ NILRTQESEC VCINGTCTVV
MTDGSASGRA DTRILFIEEG KIVHISPLSG SAQHVEECSC YPRYPGVRCI CRDNWKGSNR
PVVDINMEDY SIDSSYVCSG LVGDTPRNDD RSSNSNCRNP NNERGNQGVK GWAFDNGDDV
WMGRTISKDL RSGYETFKVI GGWSTPNSKS QINRQVIVDS DNRSGYSGIF SVEGKSCINR
CFYVELIRGR KQETRVWWTS NSIVVFCGTS GTYGTGSWPD GANINFMPI
