A1KA6_LOXDE
ID A1KA6_LOXDE Reviewed; 273 AA.
AC C0JAX1;
DT 23-MAR-2010, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 05-MAY-2009, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 40.
DE RecName: Full=Dermonecrotic toxin LdSicTox-alphaIB1avi {ECO:0000303|PubMed:19042943};
DE EC=4.6.1.- {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q4ZFU2};
DE AltName: Full=Phospholipase D;
DE Short=PLD;
DE AltName: Full=Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase D;
DE Short=SMD;
DE Short=SMase D;
DE Short=Sphingomyelinase D;
DE Flags: Fragment;
OS Loxosceles deserta (Desert recluse spider).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Chelicerata; Arachnida; Araneae;
OC Araneomorphae; Haplogynae; Scytodoidea; Sicariidae; Loxosceles.
OX NCBI_TaxID=424440;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND NOMENCLATURE.
RC TISSUE=Venom gland;
RX PubMed=19042943; DOI=10.1093/molbev/msn274;
RA Binford G.J., Bodner M.R., Cordes M.H., Baldwin K.L., Rynerson M.R.,
RA Burns S.N., Zobel-Thropp P.A.;
RT "Molecular evolution, functional variation, and proposed nomenclature of
RT the gene family that includes sphingomyelinase D in sicariid spider
RT venoms.";
RL Mol. Biol. Evol. 26:547-566(2009).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Dermonecrotic toxins cleave the phosphodiester linkage
CC between the phosphate and headgroup of certain phospholipids
CC (sphingolipid and lysolipid substrates), forming an alcohol (often
CC choline) and a cyclic phosphate (By similarity). This toxin acts on
CC sphingomyelin (SM) (By similarity). It may also act on ceramide
CC phosphoethanolamine (CPE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and
CC lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), but not on lysophosphatidylserine
CC (LPS), and lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) (By similarity). It acts by
CC transphosphatidylation, releasing exclusively cyclic phosphate products
CC as second products (By similarity). Induces dermonecrosis, hemolysis,
CC increased vascular permeability, edema, inflammatory response, and
CC platelet aggregation (By similarity).
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A0A0D4WTV1, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0CE80}.
CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC Reaction=an N-(acyl)-sphingosylphosphocholine = an N-(acyl)-sphingosyl-
CC 1,3-cyclic phosphate + choline; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:60652,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15354, ChEBI:CHEBI:64583, ChEBI:CHEBI:143892;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A0A0D4WTV1};
CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC Reaction=an N-(acyl)-sphingosylphosphoethanolamine = an N-(acyl)-
CC sphingosyl-1,3-cyclic phosphate + ethanolamine; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:60648,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57603, ChEBI:CHEBI:143891, ChEBI:CHEBI:143892;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A0A0D4WTV1};
CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC Reaction=a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-
CC 2,3-cyclic phosphate + choline; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:60700,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15354, ChEBI:CHEBI:58168, ChEBI:CHEBI:143947;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A0A0D4WTV1};
CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC Reaction=a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = a 1-acyl-sn-
CC glycero-2,3-cyclic phosphate + ethanolamine; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:60704,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57603, ChEBI:CHEBI:64381, ChEBI:CHEBI:143947;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A0A0D4WTV1};
CC -!- COFACTOR:
CC Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8I914};
CC Note=Binds 1 Mg(2+) ion per subunit. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8I914};
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000305|PubMed:19042943}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed by the venom gland.
CC {ECO:0000305|PubMed:19042943}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the arthropod phospholipase D family. Class II
CC subfamily. {ECO:0000305}.
CC -!- CAUTION: The most common activity assay for dermonecrotic toxins
CC detects enzymatic activity by monitoring choline release from
CC substrate. Liberation of choline from sphingomyelin (SM) or
CC lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is commonly assumed to result from
CC substrate hydrolysis, giving either ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) or
CC lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), respectively, as a second product.
CC However, two studies from Lajoie and colleagues (2013 and 2015) report
CC the observation of exclusive formation of cyclic phosphate products as
CC second products, resulting from intramolecular transphosphatidylation.
CC Cyclic phosphates have vastly different biological properties from
CC their monoester counterparts, and they may be relevant to the pathology
CC of brown spider envenomation. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A0A0D4WTV1,
CC ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A0A0D4WV12, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q4ZFU2}.
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DR EMBL; FJ171406; ACN48902.1; -; mRNA.
DR AlphaFoldDB; C0JAX1; -.
DR SMR; C0JAX1; -.
DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0016829; F:lyase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0046872; F:metal ion binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0008081; F:phosphoric diester hydrolase activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR GO; GO:0090729; F:toxin activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0044179; P:hemolysis in another organism; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0016042; P:lipid catabolic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR Gene3D; 3.20.20.190; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR017946; PLC-like_Pdiesterase_TIM-brl.
DR SUPFAM; SSF51695; SSF51695; 1.
PE 2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW Cytolysis; Dermonecrotic toxin; Disulfide bond; Glycoprotein; Hemolysis;
KW Lipid degradation; Lipid metabolism; Lyase; Magnesium; Metal-binding;
KW Secreted; Toxin.
FT CHAIN <1..273
FT /note="Dermonecrotic toxin LdSicTox-alphaIB1avi"
FT /id="PRO_0000392780"
FT ACT_SITE 5
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8I914"
FT ACT_SITE 41
FT /note="Nucleophile"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8I914"
FT BINDING 25
FT /ligand="Mg(2+)"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8I914"
FT BINDING 27
FT /ligand="Mg(2+)"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8I914"
FT BINDING 85
FT /ligand="Mg(2+)"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8I914"
FT CARBOHYD 250
FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT DISULFID 45..51
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0CE80"
FT DISULFID 47..190
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P0CE80"
FT NON_TER 1
SQ SEQUENCE 273 AA; 30475 MW; 32F2E39F4D8F8AE7 CRC64;
WIMGHMVNAI AQIDEFVNLG ANSIETDVSF DDSANPEYTY HGVPCDCGRT CTKWEYFNEF
LKGLRKATTP GDSKYHEKLV LVVFDLKTSS LYDNQASDAG KKLAKSLLQN YWNNGNNGGR
AYIVLSIPNL AHYKLIAGFK ETLTSEGHPE LMDKVGYDFS GNDEIGDVAK TYKKAGVTGH
VWQSDGITNC LLRGLDRVRK AVANRDSSNG YINKVYYWTV DKRATTRDAL DAGVDGIMTN
YPDVIAGVLN ESAYKAKFRI ASYDDNPWET FKN
